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Displaying items 81 to 100 of 149
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Country: Hungary

  1. Magyarországi kárpótlási iratok, 1946-1998

    • Records of Compensation in Hungary, 1946-1998

    The records on compensation programs that were implemented to help Hungarian survivors of the Holocaust are from the years 1946 to 1998 with the bulk of the materials concerning 1957 to 1975, the main period of compensation programs run by West Germany when agencies and individuals in communist Hungary would already be among their recipients. The various documents in the collection include notes and minutes, circulars and internal exchanges of relevant official Hungarian bodies. There are also the documents that supported Hungarian and Hungarian Jewish claims, including individual claim she...

  2. Mentesítési osztály

    • Bureau of Exemptions

    In the years of anti-Semitic radicalization in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Hungarian legislation increasingly redefined the category of Jews in a racial manner. The definiton it adoped was in some respects stricted than the Nazi Nuremberg Laws of 1935. At the same time, under the German occupation of Hungary and the Holocaust in 1944, certain people defined and persecuted as Jews could be exempted. The major means of this was to acquire the status of an internationally protected person, which the neutral Embassies operating in Budapest at the time would grant. Next to this, there was al...

  3. Miniszterelnökség Nemzetiségi és kisebbségi osztály

    • Prime Minister’s Office Department of Nationalities and Minorities

    The most relevant part of the collection is thematic unit no. 222. entitled “Jewish matters” It contains records pertaining to anti-Jewish laws and decrees in Hungary and in foreign countries, as well as various types of documents on Jewish organizations, religious affairs and property issues. Besides, the collection includes other Jewish-related parts: Unit 13 contains files concerning the Anschluss (annexation of Austria to the Nazi Empire) in March 1938, including the cases of Hungarian-Austrian bilateral agreements and the complaints and other matters of Hungarian citizens in connection...

  4. Miniszterelnökség, Társadalompolitikai Osztály (1938-1941)

    • Records of the Prime Minister’s Office, Department of Social Policy (1938-1941)

    1938 was a significant moment of change in the history of inter-war Hungary as it brought the beginnings of war preparation, the first stage of successful border revision, the first generally applied anti-Semitic law but also an interrelated new phase in social policy. The collection of the Department of Social Policy at the Prime Minister’s Office from the years 1938 to 1941 contains a fragment of the papers created during the functioning of the Department of Social Policy and Propaganda as well as the Social Policy and National Policy (Nemzetpolitikai) Service. The collection also contain...

  5. Minisztertanácsi jegyzőkönyvek

    • Protocols of the Council of Ministers

    The Council of Ministers was the most important executive authority in Hungary before and during the Holocaust. It was composed of Ministers who could be substituted by leading Ministry officials. It was presided by the Head of State (Regent Horthy until 1944) or, in his absence, the Prime Minister. The Council of Ministers tended to hold its sessions once a week but occasionally more often than that. After 1920, proposals were pre-circulated, the Ministers only added their remarks at the meetings and debates could ensue. The Council of Ministers, originally established in the year of the A...

  6. Munkaszolgálatos gyűjtemény 1939-1945

    • Labour Service Collection 1939-1945

    The labour service collection contain documents produced by state or municipal agencies, such as identification cards, ration cards, travel permits and various types of certificates as well as private documents of the labour servicemen including diaries, notebooks, photos and thousands of postcards

  7. Munkaszolgálattal kapcsolatos gyűjtemény

    • Labour Service Collection

    The collection holds selected documents concerning the establishment and maintenance of the labor service system, the implementation of anti-Jewish laws (Act IV of 1939 Act XV of 1941 and Act XXV of 1942) and decrees in the military as well as various antisemitic initiatives and administrative procedures exceeding the existing laws and decrees. Besides Jewish-related records, the collection also holds documents concerning other minority groups, including Christian denominations who refused armed service on religious grounds, such as Nazarenes, Pentecostals, Adventists and Jehovah’s Witnesse...

  8. Népbíróságok Országos Tanácsa, 1945-1950

    • National Council of People’s Courts, 1945-1950

    Documents of the People’s Courts are among the most significant sources pertaining to the interwar and wartime history of Hungary as well as the Holocaust. The materials include trials against former prime ministers, several ministers, undersecretaties of state and other protagonists of the anti-Jewish policies as well as the direct perpetrators of murders and other atrocities against labour servicemen and Jewish civilians, trials against members of the Arrow Cross, the Volksbund, gendarmerie and various other pro-Nazi organizations and institutions, journalists, informants, beneficiaries o...

  9. Népbíróságtól átvett peres ügyek iratai

    • Budapest Criminal Court. Records of criminal proceedings taken from the People’s Court, 1949-1950

    The collection contains materials from the late stages of the operation of People's Courts and their trials against war criminals and other defendants charged with political crimes at the time of the Stalinization of Hungary. The accused of these trials from 1949-1950 included various categories of Holocaust perpetrators.

  10. Népszövetségi képviselet és genfi főkonzulátus iratai, 1920-1945

    • Records of the Hungarian Agency at the League of Nations and the Consulate General in Geneva, 1920-1945

    Records of the Hungarian Agency at the League of Nations and its successor (from 1939), the Hungarian Consulate in Geneva, Switzerland, contain material concerning Hungarian Jews from 1920 to 1939. The overwhelming majority of the records are from 1938 and 1939. The most relevant parts of the collection include various reports concerning the “Jewish question”, Zionism and the Palestine problem between 1930 and 1939, comprehensive political reports, and general documents pertaining to Hungarian Jews, such as demographical statistics and charts, the memorandum of Foreign Minister Kálmán Kánya...

  11. Nyilas belügyminisztérium iratai, 1944-1945

    • Records of the Arrow Cross Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1944-1945

    The Arrow Cross Ministry of the Interior was headed by Gábor Vajna (1891-1946) who was a soldier, politician and member of Parliament after 1939. Vajna belonged among the Hungarians who were in close contact with the German occupiers after March 19, 1944, including those who were implementing the Holocaust. As Minister of the Interior in the government of Szálasi, Vajna was responsible for the attempted reorganization of the Hungarian state along dictatorial-totalitarian lines. He agreed to German requests to provide altogether around 75 000 Hungarian Jewish slave laborers for the German wa...

  12. Nyilas igazságügy-minisztérium (Szombathely)

    • Records of the Arrow Cross Ministry of Justice (Szombathely)

    Due to the advancement of the Red Army in the battle for Hungary and its approaching of Budapest, the Arrow Cross Ministry of Justice was moved to Szombathely in Western Hungary in the second half of November 1944 and had its seat at the main Courthouse of the town. The Ministry was in operation in Szombathely until the end of March but could rely only on a reduced number of its staff there. The papers of the relocated Hungarian Ministry of Justice from 1944 were presumably destroyed. The remaining papers that are to be found in this collection at the Hungarian National Archive are from the...

  13. Nyilas Képviselőház, 1944-1945 (Sopron)

    • The Arrow Cross Parliament, 1944-1945 (Sopron)

    After the botched attempt of Regent Miklós Horthy in mid-October 1944 to switch sides in the war, power in Hungary was taken over by the Arrow Cross who committed the country to the war effort on the side of Nazi Germany. The military situation deteriorated further for the Axis powers and by November the Arrow Cross leadership decided to move its seat westward from Budapest to the Hungarian-Austrian border area. The central offices of the leadership moved to Kőszeg while the sessions of the rump parliament were held in Sopron where they operated until March 1945. This collection contains do...

  14. Nyilas Külügyminisztérium

    • Records of the Arrow-Cross Ministry of Foreign Affairs

    A main but failed ambition of the Arrow Cross government of Hungary that acquired power through a German-backed putsch in mid-October 1944 was to gain diplomatic recognition. Even though the Arrow Cross government pursued a pro-German policy in the war, its ambition to acquire international recognition influenced a number of its policy choices and this included the treatment of Hungary's remaining Jewish population. Hungarian Jews were murdered in thousands in Budapest and tens of thousands of them were forced on deadly marched westwards but they who were no longer systematically deported a...

  15. Nyilas vallás- és közoktatásügyi minisztérium, 1944-1945

    • Records of the Arrow Cross Ministry of Religion and Education, 1944-1945

    This collection at the Hungarian National Archive contains a fragment of the documents of the fleeing Arrow Cross Ministry of Religion and Education. This Ministry operated at the Franciscan Convent in the city of Szombathely in the last stages of the war. The collection includes its presidential papers as well as papers of its seventeen departments, several of which are of relevance. However, the most relevant for the study of the history of the Holocaust in Hungary among the papers constitute a separate part beyond the papers of these seventeen departments: it is a collection of papers fr...

  16. Nyilaskeresztes Párt, 1932–1945

    • Arrow Cross Party, 1932–1945

    The first part of the collection (Boxes1-3) contains the survived records of the Hungarian National Socialist Party and its successor, the Arrow Cross Party, mostly from the war years. The material includes the documents of party administration (registered as well as unregistered fragments), cashier’s and registry books, regulations, orders, circulars and other internal correspondence, an undated brief history of the party, programs and flyers of the Hungarian National Socialist Party and various extreme right wing splinter groups, speeches, studies and other publications of party leader Fe...

  17. Országos Közellátási Hivatal ügyosztályainak iratai (1940-1945)

    • Records of the National Public Supplies Office (1940-1945)

    In Hungary, a Minister without Portfolio for Public Supplies (közellátás) was appointed in 1940. The major aims of creating such a new position was to exert increased state control and improve the organization of the economic life of the country, assure that foreign trade was beneficial for military as well as civilian purposes, and to have an uniform control and administration of the food supply as well as that of other public necessities. In order to help the work of the Minister without Portfolio, a National Office for Public Supplies (Országos Közellátási Hivatal) was organized. The Tra...

  18. Országos Zsidó Helyreállítási Alap iratai

    • Records of the National Jewish Rehabilitation Fund

    The National Jewish Rehabilitation Fund dealt with issues of restitution and compensation in Hungary. This collection contains decrees, studies, correspondence, memorandums, notes and background materials of the Rehabilitation Fund. It includes the correspondence of the National Jewish Rehabilitation Fund with a host of Hungarian Jewish individuals, with various Hungarian state authorities and other institutions regarding compensation and restitution. Individual claims that Hungarian Jewish survivors submitted to the Elhagyott Javak Kormánybiztosa (the Government Commissioner for Abandoned ...

  19. Párizsi Főkonzulátus

    • Records of the Hungarian Chief Consulate in Paris

    Records of the Hungarian Chief Consulate in Paris, in Nazi-occupied France that are relevant for the study of the history of the Holocaust mostly concern issues of citizenship. There are documents related to hundreds of such cases, several of which even have photos of the individuals concerned. Moreover, there are birth, marriage, baptism and death certificates of Hungarian Jews (the former also serving as proofs of origin), matters related to their passports (including certificates of the return of one’s town of residence to Hungary) and entry permits. There are more general reports on Hun...

  20. Pénzügyminisztérium, Általános iratok (1867-1945)

    • Papers of the Ministry of Finance (1867-1945)

    The Holocaust was not only the largest genocidal operation in 20th century Hungarian history but also a gigantic campaign to systematically rob the wealth of Hungarian Jewry. In Hungary, the Europe-wide campaign of robbery usually referred to by the name of Aryanization had various initiators and a large segment of benefactors in society but it was planned as a state-directed and -controlled process with the Ministry of Finance playing a crucial role in it. Between 1938 and 1944, the Ministry was headed by Lajos Reményi-Schneller (1892-1946) who served as Minister of Finance under the succe...