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Displaying items 8,901 to 8,920 of 10,274
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  1. Light brown leather billfold used by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Light brown leather wallet owned by Lew Minuskin. Lew lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), which was occupied by the Soviet Union in September 1939. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and occupied Zhetel. Frmo 1941-1942, Lalb was assigned to a forced labor battalion that assisted the Soviet Army. From 1942-1945, he had sent to From 1942-1945, he was sent to live in Kokand Fergana in eastern Uzbekistan, a border region of the Soviet Union, where he worked as a mechanic. When the war ended on May 9, 1945, Lajb traveled to Munich, Germany, where he lived in ...

  2. Black leather infant's ankle boots worn by a German Jewish child

    1. Bruno and Jessie Korn collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn85405
    • English
    • 1939
    • a: Height: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm) | Width: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Depth: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) b: Height: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) | Width: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Depth: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm)

    Black leather baby shoes worn by Bruno Korn as a child in Hindenburg, Germany. His mother saved the shoes and gave them to Bruno, who took them with him when he left Germany in 1939. When Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933, 22 year old Bruno, a cloth cutter, was living in Breslau with his parents, Simon and Jetka, and brother Rudolf. In April, Bruno was arrested and accused of making faces at Nazi officials. He was beaten, whipped, and forced to work construction on a future concentration camp for a week. During Kristallnacht on November 10, 1938, Bruno was arrested and sent to...

  3. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden note kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by G...

  4. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  5. Dark red floral head covering worn by a Jewish woman living under an assumed identity

    1. Dina Ostrower collection

    Dark red traditional Ukrainian scarf with a floral pattern worn by 19 year old Donia Pickholz while living in hiding under an assumed identity in Bolechow, Poland (Bolekhiv, Ukraine.) Donia and her family lived in Soviet occupied Stryj, Poland. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the Germans forced the Jews into a ghetto. In 1942, the family was put on a rail car destined for Belzec killing center. Donia jumped out the train window and returned to Stryj to live with her aunt and uncle. They got her false identity papers as a Christian Ukrainian girl, Efrozyna Skobelek. D...

  6. Embroidered Ukrainian blouse worn by a Jewish woman living under an assumed identity

    1. Dina Ostrower collection

    Traditional cross-stitched Ukrainian peasant blouse worn by 19 year old Donia Pickholz while living in hiding under an assumed identity in Bolechow, Poland (Bolekhiv, Ukraine.) Donia and her family lived in Soviet occupied Stryj, Poland. In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and the Germans forced the Jews into a ghetto. In 1942, the family was put on a rail car destined for Belzec killing center. Donia jumped out the train window and returned to Stryj to live with her aunt and uncle. They got her false identity papers as a Christian Ukrainian girl, Efrozyna Skobelek. Donia sp...

  7. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  8. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  9. Enameled cooking pot with lid used by a German Jewish family forced to emigrate

    1. Berg and Hermanns families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn601646
    • English
    • a: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 13.875 inches (35.243 cm) | Depth: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) b: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)

    Cooking pot and lid brought with Gisela Berg and her family to Kenya where they lived after fleeing Cologne, Germany, in May/June 1939. They used this pot when preparing for Passover. The family was warned by neighbors to leave their home in Lechenich prior to the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938. Their homes were vandalized and the family decided to leave Germany. Jill's father Josef, his brother George, and cousin Ernest fled to the Netherlands. They were arrested, but their uncle, Herman Meyer, hired a lawyer and the men were detained but not deported. This gave the family tim...

  10. Kenyan wood sculpture of two gazelles owned by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Berg and Hermanns families collection

    Carved wooded sculpture of an adult gazelle with one young offspring acquired by Gisela Berg and her family in Kenya where they lived after fleeing Cologne, Germany, in May/June 1939. The family was warned by neighbors to leave their home in Lechenich prior to the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938. Their homes were vandalized and the family decided to leave Germany. Jill's father Josef, his brother George, and cousin Ernest fled to the Netherlands. They were arrested, but their uncle, Herman Meyer, hired a lawyer and the men were detained but not deported. This gave the family tim...

  11. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  12. Small yellow suitcase used by a young German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Small yellow suitcase used by 6 year old Franziska (Ruth) Danzig when her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parent found a Jewish foster family, the Paste...

  13. Handmade storybook by a German Jewish girl rescued by the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Illustrated story book "The Lost Ones," made by Franziska (Ruth) Danzig who, at age 6, was sent by her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Jewish population was actively persecuted. During Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parents found a Jewish foster family, th...

  14. Girl Guide enrollment promise trefoil badge received by a young German Jewish girl rescued on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Girl Guide trefoil enrollment pin issued to Franziska (Ruth) Danzig when she was living in England as a Kindertransport refugee from June 1939-October 1944. When Ruth was 6, her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransp...

  15. Public School Athletic League Winged Victory achievement badge received by a German Jewish teenage refugee

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Girl's Branch PSAL (Public School Athletic League) medal awarded to Franziska (Ruth) Danzig for physical accomplishments when she attended school in New York in the 1940s. When Ruth was 6, her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on...

  16. Kenyan wood bust of an African youth owned by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Berg and Hermanns families collection

    Carved wooden bust of an African male in profile, with the hair and stretched earlobes of a Maasai warrior, acquired by Gisela Berg and her family in Kenya where they lived after fleeing Cologne, Germany, in May/June 1939. The family was warned by neighbors to leave their home in Lechenich prior to the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938. Their homes were vandalized and the family decided to leave Germany. Jill's father Josef, his brother George, and cousin Ernest fled to the Netherlands. They were arrested, but their uncle, Herman Meyer, hired a lawyer and the men were detained but...

  17. Aluminum pitcher used by a German Jewish family forced to emigrate

    1. Berg and Hermanns families collection

    Aluminum pitcher used by Gisela Berg and her extended family when they fled Cologne, Germany, in May/June 1939. The family was warned by neighbors to leave their home in Lechenich prior to the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 9-10, 1938. Their homes were vandalized and the family decided to leave Germany. Jill's father Josef, his brother George, and cousin Ernest fled to the Netherlands. They were arrested, but their uncle, Herman Meyer, hired a lawyer and the men were detained but not deported. This gave the family time to find a country where they could emigrate legally. A family friend g...

  18. Brown leather belt worn by a Jewish Polish inmate at Buchenwald concentration camp

    1. Stanley Appel family collection

    Brown leather belt worn by 21 year old Zelig Appel when he was a prisoner in Buchenwald concentration camp from January 1945 to April 1945. He was issued uniform pants that were too large for him, so he traded two pieces of bread for a Soviet prisoner’s belt. As he lost weight, he had to add holes with the sharpened end of a spoon. In early 1940, a few months after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Zelig’s town, Stary Sacz, was ghettoized and Zelig was sent to Tegoborze forced labor camp. In June, he was sent to an SS training camp, Rabka. In August 1942, Zelig returned to the ghetto ...

  19. Circumcision knife with inscription and agate handle with wooden case used by a mohel

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn7117
    • English
    • 1938
    • a: Height: 6.620 inches (16.815 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) b: Height: 0.880 inches (2.235 cm) | Width: 7.880 inches (20.015 cm) | Depth: 1.620 inches (4.115 cm)

    Ritual circumcision or milah knife set used by Isaac Ossowski, a highly respected mohel who left Berlin because of the targeted persecution of Jews by the government of Nazi Germany. A mohel is a person qualified to perform the Jewish ceremony of brit (bris) milah, the ritual circumcision of a male, Jewish child. This requires both extensive religious training and surgical skill. A milah knife is sharp on both edges to avoid hesitation during use that might cause unnecessary pain to the child. Rabbi Ossowski was a prominent member of the Jewish community in Berlin. He was head shochet [ritu...

  20. Brass Hanukkah menorah with fish shaped feet used by a Jewish refugee family

    1. Isaac Ossowski family collection

    Hanukiyah used by Isaac Ossowski and his family, made by Joseph Romiger, Stuttgart, Germany. The family would be forced to leave Berlin in 1938 because of the targeted persecution of Jews by the government of Nazi Germany. Each child in the Ossowski family had their own hanukkah lamp. A Hanukkah candelabrum holds eight candles for the eight nights of Hanukkah; the ninth candle is the shamash [attendant] that is used to light the other candles. Because of their religious significance, the Hanukkah lights cannot be used in everyday ways, such as providing light. Traditionally, menorah refers ...