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Displaying items 121 to 140 of 14,588
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Language of Description: English

  1. Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden

    • Aid Association of German Jews

    1901/1939

    German Jewish organization established in 1901 mainly to help Jewish communities in Eastern Europe that had fallen victim to pogroms and wars. It supported the creation of Jewish education and social welfare institutions in Eastern Europe, as well. After the First World War the association also helped Jews emigrate from eastern Europe through Germany to locations abroad. After Hitler came to power in 1933, the association began to provide assistance for German Jews who wanted to leave Germany for countries other than Palestine (those immigrating to Palestine were served by the Jewish Agency...

  2. Haupttreuhandstelle Ost

    • Main Trusteeship Office East
    • HTO

    Founded in 1939-09

    Haupttreuhandstelle Ost was responsible for the confiscating of Polish government property and property belonging to Polish citizens, including Jews, living within the Reich or within territories annexed to the Reich. The HTO was established in 1939-09 by Hermann Goering as part of his implementation of the four-year plan, the goal of which was the revitalization of the German army and economy. During the war, Goering created offices such as HTO to rob occupied Poland and other countries of their property and raw materials in order to accomplish Germany’s economic goals. The HTO had its mai...

  3. Armée Juive

    • AJ

    Founded in 1942-01

    The Armée Juive was a completely secret operation, established in 1941-01. Its members were recruited secretly, they swore their loyalty to the AJ on the Bible and the Zionist flag, and they even began training to fight before the organization had procured arms. It is unclear how many members the AJ actually had. Not all Zionist groups supported or trusted the AJ. The AJ, Zionist oriented, with commando groups, operated in different cities, striking at informers who worked for the Gestapo. This unit established relations with other bodies, the Eclaireurs Israelites de France, Mouvement de J...

  4. Kvitko Leib

    • Kvitko, Leib, 1890-1952
    • Ḳṿiṭḳo, Leyb, 1890-1952
    • Ḳṿiṭḳo, L., 1890-1952
    • קוויטקאָ, לייב, 1890-1952
    • Kwiṭko, Leib 1890-1952
    • ...

    01/01/1890

    12/08/1952

    Yiddish poet and novelist.

  5. YIVO Institute for Jewish Research

    • YIVO

    From 1925 to the present

    In 1925, the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research was founded in Vilna (Wilno, Poland; now Vilnius, Lithuania), by key European intellectuals, including Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud, to record the history and pioneer in the critical study of the language, literature and culture of the Jews of Eastern Europe. From its inception, YIVO was deeply concerned that the language and culture of East European Jewry were undergoing radical change in a rapidly modernizing world. YIVO's founders were tireless in collecting the documents and archival records of Jewish communities across Eastern Europe...

  6. Badisches Justizministerium

    • Baden Ministry of Justice

    Das 1807 geschaffene Justizdepartement wurde 1808/09 zum Justizministerium aufgewertet, jedoch schon 1819 wieder abgeschafft. Seine Aufgaben nahmen zunächst das Innenministerium und das Oberhofgericht, dann aber hauptsächlich die im Staatsministerium eingerichtete Justizsektion wahr. Doch bereits 1825 erstand das Justizministerium neu. In den Jahren 1871-1876 betreute es zusätzlich die Auswärtigen Angelegenheiten, 1871-1881 die Angelegenheiten des Großherzoglichen Hauses und 1881-1911 die Bereiche Kultus und Unterricht, Wissenschaft und Kunst. Im Jahre 1911 wurden - wie schon einmal 1871 - ...

  7. Falkenhausen Alexander von

    • Falkenhausen, Alexander ˜vonœ 1878-1966
    • Falkenhausen, Alexander Von
    • Falkenhausen, Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann von, 1878-1966
    • Falkenhausen, Alexander Ernst 1878-1966 Baron von
    • Alexander 1878-1966 Freiherr von Falkenhausen
    • ...

    29/10/1878

    31/07/1966

    General of the German Infantry. 1940-1944 head of the military government (Chef der Militärverwaltung) in occupied Belgium and northern France, imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp after the July Plot. After the war sentenced to 12 years of hard labour for shooting 240 hostages and for the deportation of 25000 Belgian Jews but released after three weeks in recognition of the fact that he also protected Belgians from the SS.

  8. Frumka Plotnicka

    • פרומקה פלוטניצקה

    Plotnicka Frumka (1914-1943) one of the leaders of HeHalutz underground movement in Poland. From early youth she was a member of and activist in the ""Dror"" Zionist movement. After the outbreak of the war along with other members of hakhsharot (Zionist training farms) she reached the Soviet occupied territories and in 1940 was called back to the German occupation zone with a group of ""Dror"" leaders to establish the underground network for the movement. From June 1940 onwards Plotnicka traveled throughout Poland, even to the most remote ghettoes to strenghten the underground network. In S...

  9. Комісія по розслідуванню злочинів німецько-фашистських загарбників на території Чаплинського району при виконкомі Чаплинської районної ради депутатів трудящих, с. Чаплинка

    • Commission to Investigate the Crimes of the German-Fascist Invaders in the Territory of the Chaplynka Rayon at the Executive Committee of the Chaplynka Rayon Council of Toilers’ Deputies, Chaplynka village

    These entities were established in 1943-44 pursuant to an edict (2 November 1942) of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR. The regional commission was in charge of the city and district extraordinary state commissions and in turn was subordinate to Ukraine’s republic-level Extraordinary State Commission, and included representatives of the public prosecutor’s office and investigative organs, medical experts, representatives of public organizations, and Soviet and party workers. The extraordinary state commissions were tasked with investigating the criminal activities of the occu...

  10. Lubetkin Zivia

    • Lubetkin, Cywia
    • Lubetkin, Zivia
    • Lubetkin-Zuckerman, Zivia.
    • Tsuḳerman, Tsivyah Lubeṭḳin-
    • Lubeṭḳin-Tsuḳerman, Tsivyah
    • ...

    09/11/1914

    11/07/1978

    Founder of Jewish Fighting Organisation in occupied Poland (ZOB). Fighter in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

  11. Комісія по розслідуванню злочинів німецько-фашистських загарбників на території Каховського району при виконкомі Каховської районної ради депутатів трудящих, м. Каховка

    • Commission to Investigate the Crimes of the German-Fascist Invaders in the Territory of the Kakhovka Rayon at the Executive Committee of the Kakhovka Rayon Council of Toilers’ Deputies, town of Kakhovka

    These entities were established in 1943-44 pursuant to an edict (2 November 1942) of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR. The regional commission was in charge of the city and district extraordinary state commissions and in turn was subordinate to Ukraine’s republic-level Extraordinary State Commission, and included representatives of the public prosecutor’s office and investigative organs, medical experts, representatives of public organizations, and Soviet and party workers. The extraordinary state commissions were tasked with investigating the criminal activities of the occu...

  12. Eichmann Trial

    After the Second World War, Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann fled from Austria and made his way to Argentina where he lived under the name Ricardo Klement. In 1960-05, Israeli Security Service agents seized Eichmann in Argentina and took him to Jerusalem for trial in an Israeli court. Eichmann testified from a bulletproof glass booth. The Eichmann trial aroused international interest, bringing Nazi atrocities to the forefront of world news. The charges against Eichmann were numerous. After the Wannsee Conference (1942-01), Eichmann coordinated deportations of Jews from Germany and elsewhere...

  13. Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie

    • Polish Government-in-Exile

    Founded in 1939

    The Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie was located in France after the German-Russian occupation in 1939 and relocated to London after the fall of France in 1940. Several Jews were affiliated with this body, which also supported Żegota and the Żydowski Komitet Narodowy (Jewish National Committee). It received dispatches from the Armia Krajowa about the Final Solution. The Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie was apprised of the fate of the Jews via a cable from the Polish underground in the summer of 1942. It urged the Allies to initiate a retaliation plan against German...

  14. Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland

    • Reich Association of Jews in Germany

    1939-07-04/1943

    This successor entity to the Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden started 1939-07-04, charged by the Nazis as its major mission emigration of Jews from the Reich. In included all Jews as defined by the Nuremberg Laws, but its jurisdiction was confined to Germany and the Sudetenland. Austria and Bohemia-Moravia were excluded. The Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland came under the direct control of the SS who gave it tasks that eventually led to the Final Solution. It continued to provide Jewish welfare and schooling. The emigration aspects ended after 1941-10-01. The Emigration sectio...

  15. Dresdner Bank

    • Drážďanská banka

    Dresdner Bank was established on 12 November 1872. By 1900, Dresdner bank had the largest German branch network. After the banking crisis in 1931 the German Reich owned 66% of Dresdner Bank shares. Its deputy director was Dr Schacht, Minister of Economy under Nazism. The Bank was reprivatised in 1937. During World War II, Dresdner Bank controlled various banks in countries under German Occupation. It took over the Bohemian Discount Bank in Prague, the Societa Bancara Romana in Bucharest, the Handels- und Kreditbank in Riga, the Kontinentale Bank in Brussels, and Banque d'Athenes. It maintai...

  16. Tallinnfilm AS

    Tallinnfilm is the oldest operative film studio in Estonia. Originally founded as Estonian Culture Film in 1931, the studio was nationalized in 1940, after Estonia was brought into the Soviet Union. During the first year of Soviet occupation (1940-1941), Eesti Kultuurfilm was taken over by the Communist Party and renamed Kinokroonika Eesti Stuudio (the Estonian Newsreel Studio). In 1942, during the German occupation in World War II, it was renamed Kinokroonika Tallinna Stuudio (The Tallinn Newsreel Studio). In 1947 the Soviet renamed it Tallinna Kinostuudio (The Tallinn Film Studio); in 195...

  17. Delegatura Rządu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Kraj

    • The Government Delegation for Poland

    1940/1945

    Delegatura Rządu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na Kraj was a conspiratorial agency in the country of the Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie (Polish Government-in-Exile) from 1940 till 1945. It was part of the Polskie Państwo Podziemne (Polish Underground State). It organized civil administration and was preparing the conditions for the polish government for assuming power in liberated Poland. It also created local administration, secret schools, recorded losses and crimes against the Polish nation, developed plans for the future of Western and Northern territories and organized “Żego...

  18. Armia Krajowa

    • Heimatarmee
    • AK

    1942-02-14/1945-01-20

    Subordinated to the Polish Government-in-Exile in London, Służba Zwycięstwu Polski (Service for the Victory of Poland) and the Związek Walki Zbrojnej (Union for Armed Struggle) formed on 1942-02-14 the Armia Krajowa. During the war it became an umbrella organization of resistance groups. Attacks were limited to confiscating supplies, burning food-quota documents, and, perhaps, crippling machinery. This modus operandi denoted the desire of the independentists to avoid German reprisals against the people and the destruction of property which, after all, was Polish and would be used after the ...

  19. Kovner Abba

    • Kovner, Abba, 1918-1987
    • Kovner, Aba.
    • Kovner, Abba
    • Ḳovner, Aba 1918-1987
    • קובנר, אבא
    • ...

    14/03/1918

    25/09/1987

    Underground leader and partisan commander; a leader of the Beriha movement; Hebrew poet and writer. One of the FPO leaders, became its commander in 1943, lead escape of Vilnius ghetto fighters into the forest, commanded Jewish partisan unit in the Rudninkai forest.

  20. Union des Juifs pour la Resistance en l’Entr’aide

    • Solidarite
    • UJRE

    1940-08/1943

    Solidarite was a secret resistance organization, formed by Jewish Communists in Paris after the German invasion in 1940-08. In 1941-01 Solidarite refused to join the Coordinating Committee of Jewish Welfare Societies, suspecting the Nazis would take control. In May almost 4,000 Parisian Jews were arrested, which took Solidarite and others by surprise. After the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June, Solidarite began to sabotage German industry. In early 1942 they opposed the Union of French Jews, claiming that its members were collaborators. At the same time Solidarite created the nation...