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Displaying items 3,301 to 3,320 of 3,475
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  1. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 20 (zwanzig) kronen, acquired by Flory Cohen Levi, who survived in hiding in her native Netherlands during the war. This type of scrip was distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp from May 1943-April 1945 in German occupied Czechoslovakia. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by German mines. They were rescued by the British military and taken to a hospital...

  2. Brown burlap pouch used to carry money by a hidden Dutch Jewish woman

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Small burlap pouch used by Flora Cohen to store Dutch currency while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by German mines. They w...

  3. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  4. Pewter mustard pot owned by Otto Frank

    1. Ryan M. Cooper collection

    Pewter mustard pot owned by the Frank family. Otto Frank was one of three children born to Michael and Alice Frank in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He had three siblings, Robert, Herbert, and Helene. Michael had founded a family banking business, which his wife and sons took over after his death in 1909. Helene moved to Basel, Switzerland, with her husband in 1931, and Herbert immigrated to France in 1932. After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in January 1933, authorities quickly began suppressing the rights and personal freedoms of Jews, and boycotting their businesses. Shor...

  5. Corfu

    Lanzmann filmed the few surviving Jews of Corfou, Greece. Many are craftsmen who experienced deportation to Auschwitz and Birkenau. Some interviews take place in the synagogue and the cemetery. Additional reels of location filming show local merchants and shops. FILM ID 3406 -- Camera Rolls #4-11A -- Armando Aaron -- 01:00:08 to 01:24:10 Surviving Jews of Corfu walk down a street in Corfu, Greece with Lanzmann. The four survivors walk towards the camera. 01:03:05 Armando Aaron explains (in French) that on June 9, 1944, the Jews of Corfu (numbering 1,650) were ordered by the Germans to gathe...

  6. Omega wristwatch worn by a Hungarian Jewish man on the Kasztner train

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Omega steel wristwatch worn by Dr. Bela Gondos when he was deported from Budapest, Hungary to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with his wife Anna and 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. He purchased the watch in 1940 or 1941 and it was not confiscated by the Germans because it was made of steel, not gold. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport all the Jews from Hungary to ...

  7. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...

  8. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...

  9. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...

  10. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...

  11. Motke Zaidel and Itzak Dugin

    Motke Zaidel and Itzak Dugin are survivors of Vilna. They tell the story of their extraordinary escape from the Ponari camp, digging a tunnel for months, where the dogs that caught them backed away whimpering because the men smelled of death. The interview took place over two days in the forest of Ben Shemen (an Israeli forest resembling Ponari) and in Mr. Zaidel's apartment in Peta'h Tikva with the family of Zaidel. FILM ID 3782 -- Camera Rolls 2-4 -- Foret Ponari CR2 Lanzmann, Zaidel and Dugin meet in a forest in Israel which resembles the forest of Ponari, next to Vilna. Before the war t...

  12. Double sided caricature of a couple made as a gift for one camp inmate by another

    1. Charles and Hana Bruml family collection

    Two joined drawings, a humorous drawing of Karel Fischer and his wife Anna, and a pencil portrait of Fischer drawn by Leo Haas when they were all prisoners in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp circa 1942- October 1944. It was presented to Fischer on his sixth wedding anniversary, March 20, 1944, by his workers. After the war, Fischer gave the drawing to his nephew and fellow Terezin inmate, Karel Bruml. In March 1939, Prague was annexed by Nazi Germany. Fischer, 49, was ordered to the newly opened camp in late November 1941 to build the railroad spur from Bauschowitz to Terezin. He was in ch...

  13. Buchwitz, Otto

    Geschichte des Bestandsbildners SPD-Funktionär (Sachsen); MdR (1924-1933); Mitglied des ZA und Vors. des sächsischen LV der SPD (1945-1946); Mitglied des PV und des ZK der SED (1946-1964); Präs. des Sächsischen Landtages (1946-1952); Ehrenpräs. des DRK (1953-1964) Bestandsbeschreibung 1879, 27. Apr. in Breslau als Sohn eines Schlossers geboren 1893 - 1896 Metalldrückerlehre in Breslau 1896 Mitglied des Deutschen Metallarbeiter-Verbandes (DMV) wegen Teilnahme an einem Streik in Breslau von seinem Lehrbetrieb entlassen 1897 - 1899 Wanderschaft, Arbeit als Metalldrücker und Hilfsarbeiter in Dr...

  14. Naczelne Prezydium Prowincji Śląskiej we Wrocławiu

    • Oberpräsidium der Provinz Schlesien zu Breslau
    • Supreme Presidium of the Province of Silesia in Wrocław

    I. Wydział ogólny (Algemeieine Abteilung). 1. Sprawy ogólno administracyjne /1817-1926/ 1-13: Administracja urzędu, budżety, rachunkowość, rada prowincjonalna, rady obwodowe, posiedzenia Wydziału Samorządowego Prowincji. 2. Ubezpieczenia /1881-1934/ 14-27: Sprawy ogólne, obwody, ubezpieczenia od ognia, zakłady i towarzystwa ubezpieczeniowe. 3. Dobra rycerskie /1862-1927/ 28-32: Zarządzenia w sprawie sporządzania matrykuły dóbr, spisy. 4. Sprawy komunalne /1816-1935/ 33-284: Zwiazki komunalne prowincji i powiatowe, sejmy krajowe i prowincji, sprawy Górnych i Dolnych Łużyc, "Landszafty", bank...

  15. Eclaireurs Israélites de France shirt and kerchief worn by former hidden Jewish boy

    1. Steven W. Simon collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn35933
    • English
    • 1945
    • a: Height: 25.380 inches (64.465 cm) | Width: 23.000 inches (58.42 cm) b: Height: 28.000 inches (71.12 cm) | Width: 26.880 inches (68.275 cm) c: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm)

    Eclaireurs Israélites de France (Jewish Scouts of France) shirt, neckerchief, and slide fastener worn by Steven Simon when he was a scout in 1945-46. His scoutmaster Simon Barenbaum gave Steven his own neckerchief when Steven needed to recite his scouting pledge of allegiance. Steven and his parents, Arthur and Irma Simon, were Jewish German immigrants living in Paris, France, when it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940. They fled to the unoccupied southern region where they survived the war by adopting false identities. Scouting was very important for Steven as it eased his reintegration...

  16. Nahum Goldmann

    Born in the Russian Empire (now Belarus) in 1895, Nahum Goldmann received a law degree and PhD from the University of Heidelberg. He was President of the World Jewish Congress from 1948 to 1977 which he founded with Stephen Wise. He was a Zionist activist but was often critical of Israeli public policy. He was instrumental in creating the Jewish Material Claims Conference. Goldmann wrote an autobiography called "Sixty Years of Jewish Life" in 1969. He died in 1982. In this interview shot in Israel, Lanzmann and Goldmann discuss Stephen Wise, when the Jews realized the reality of the Final S...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by Czech refugee

    1. Raul Hilberg collection

    50 (funfzig) mark Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp note given to Raul Hilberg by Frank Petschek, who, with his wife, as well as the extended Petschek family, had to flee Czechoslovakia after its annexation by Nazi Germany in fall 1938. After the war, the confiscation of the Petschek family's vast business and land holdings by the Nazi regime were used for a major case in the War Criminals trials at Nuremberg. Hilberg and his parents fled Vienna, Austria, after its annexation by Germany in March 1938. It was Petschek's generosity that made possible the publication of Hilberg's landmark work,...

  18. Pair of white infant socks used postwar by a former hidden child

    1. Betti Blaugrund collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn49262
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Width: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) b: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm)

    Pair of white baby socks used after the war by Betti Blaugrund to clothe the doll, 2011.424.1, that had belonged to her cousin Aline Klajn. Betti's parents, Cypra and Wolf, and Aline, her parents Idessa and Wigdor, and younger brother Jacques, fled to France when Belgium was occupied by Nazi Germany in May 1940, but returned because of antisemitism. In summer 1942, the Germans acted on their plan to get rid of all the Jews in Belgium. Betti was born on July 16. The families were told to report for forced labor. They suspected that they would be deported and went into hiding. Cypra and Wolf ...

  19. White lace baby bonnet used postwar by a former hidden child

    1. Betti Blaugrund collection

    White cloth and lace baby bonnet used after the war by Betti Blaugrund to clothe the doll, 2011.424.1, that had belonged to her cousin Aline Klajn. Betti's parents, Cypra and Wolf, and Aline, her parents Idessa and Wigdor, and younger brother Jacques, fled to France when Belgium was occupied by Germany in May 1940, but returned because of antisemitism. In summer 1942, the Germans acted on their plan to get rid of all the Jews in Belgium. Betti was born on July 16. The families were told to report for forced labor. They suspected that they would be deported and went into hiding. Cypra and Wo...

  20. Large painted plastic doll owned by a Jewish girl killed in Auschwitz

    1. Betti Blaugrund collection

    Large baby doll owned by Betti Blaugrund that originally belonged to 7 year old Aline Klajn. Aline and her family were deported on October 24, 1942, from Uccle, Belgium, to Auschwitz concentration camp where they were killed. Aline's parents, Idessa and Wigdor, and Idessa's large extended family, came to Belgium from Poland in the 1920s. In May 1940, Belgium was occupied by Nazi Germany. In summer 1942, the Germans acted on their plan to get rid of all the Jews in Belgium. Aline, her parents, and her brother Jacques, 5, were given refuge by Alfred and Clara Duval; several family members hid...