Authorities

• National Socialist Teachers League
• NSLB

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1927/1943

The Nationalsozialistische Lehrerbund was established as a wing of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in 1927. After 1933, the Nazi regime purged the public school system of teachers deemed to be Jews or to be 'politically unreliable'. Most educators, however, remained in their posts and joined the Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund. 97% of all public school teachers, some 300,000 persons, had joined the Lehrerbund by 1936. In fact, teachers joined the Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund in greater numbers than any other profession.

• מחלקה IVB4 לענייני יהודים ולענייני פינוי, במשרד הראשי לביטחון הרייך (RSHA, referat IVB4- Judenangelegenheiten, Räumungsangelegenheiten)

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1905
• Updated 7 years ago

מחלקה IVB4 של המשרד הראשי לבטחון הרייך - עניינים יהודיים וענייני פינוי

• EG II

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

When Hitler invaded Poland in 1939-09, a special Einsatzgruppe was attached to each of the five German armies of the invasion force, with a sixth based in Posen. Einsatzgruppe II was attached to the 10th Army. Each Einsatzgruppe was subdivided into Einsatzkommandos of 100 men. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind the lines and murdered political opposition. The Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1.25-2 million Jews and tens of thousands of Soviet citizens...

• Supreme Command of German Armed Forces
• OKW

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 9 years ago

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht issued the directive for the war on the Soviet Union on 1941-06-04: ‘The total elimination of all resistance passive or active’. This was a mandate for mass murder against military and civilian targets contravening all traditional rules of war.

• SdP

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1935

In order to participate in the elections of 1935-05, the Sudetendeutsche Heimatfront transformed itself into a regular political party, the Sudetendeutsche Partei. The SdP called upon all ethnic Germans in Czechoslovakia to join its ranks. Many did so eagerly, hoping through this show of unity to promote full cultural and national development of the German minority within the existing state framework. The SdP attracted such widespread support that it soon left all the other German-based political parties in Czechoslovakia far behind.

• EG IV

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

When Hitler invaded Poland in 1939-09, a special Einsatzgruppe was attached to each of the five German armies of the invasion force, with a sixth based in Posen. Einsatzgruppe IV was attached to the 4th Army. Each Einsatzgruppe was subdivided into Einsatzkommandos of 100 men. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind the lines and murdered political opposition. The Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1.25-2 million Jews and tens of thousands of Soviet citizens ...

• Vilnius University

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1579
• Updated 9 years ago

From 1579 until now.

Following Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, the university was briefly administered by the Lithuanian authorities (from October 1939), and then after Soviet annexation of Lithuania (June 1940), punctuated by a period of German occupation after German invasion of the Soviet Union (1941–1944), administrated as Vilnius State University by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1945 the Polish community of students and scholars of Stafan Batory University was transferred to Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. After Lithuania regained its independence in 1990, following the...

• SOL

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1941-12/1943-01-23

The success of Joseph Darnand and his eagerness for action led him to set up in 1941-12 a paramilitary organization, Service d’Ordre Légionnaire, still nominally under the Légion Française des Combattants, to act against the ‘enemies’ of Vichy. Self-defined as anti-Semitic and anti-democratic in its 21-point program which members had to accept, it condemned Jews, Freemasons and communists and proclaimed a struggle ‘For French purity and against Jewish leprosy’. On 1943-01-23 the SOL was transformed into the Milice Française.

• German Labor Service Associations

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1932

Helmut Stellrecht brought together the various National Socialists’ labor service initiatives, which had previously coexisted without coordination and even competed with each other, under one roof in the Reichsverband Deutscher Arbeitsdienstvereine. In 1934 the Reichsverband Deutscher Arbeitsdienstvereine changed its name into the Nationalsozialistischen Arbeitsdienst.

• Storm Troopers
• SA

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 7 years ago

Founded in 1921

The Sturmabteilung, the paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party, was formed in 1921. It initially comprised mainly German World War I veterans, militia members, and others opposed to both the democratic Weimer Republic and to the Communist Party. Its terror tactics against opponents increased the public visibility of the Nazi movement, both before and after Adolf Hitlers’s rise to power. Once the Nazi regime was established, it began to perceive the disruptive tactics of the SA as a threat. Hitler agree to the murder of the SA’s top leadership in the Röhm Purge, or, ‘the night of the long knive...

• Reich Ministery for the Occupied Eastern Territories
• RmfdbO

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 5 years ago

On 1941-07-17, Hitler laid out the guidelines for the administration of the newly conquered eastern lands. Those areas not integrated directly into Reich, Romanian, or Finnish territory were to be placed under the Reichsministerium für die besetzen Ostgebiete under Alfred Rosenberg. This area was later subdivided into two Reichskommissariate, the Reichskommissariat Ostland (Baltic States and Belorussia) under Hinrich Lohse and the Reichskommissariat Ukraine under Erich Koch.

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Omnia Treuhandgesellschaft was an institution established in Prague during the war to liquidate Jewish shops and companies that were of little significance to the occupying forces. The Nazis divided the Jewish shops and companies they expropriated into two categories. The first consisted of enterprises they wished to preserve, which they placed under the supervision of a Verwalter. The remaining businesses were sold off. Omnia liquidated some 13,000 Jewish businesses in the Netherlands. The proceeds were deposited in an account at the Liro Bank under the owner’s name. The sale price was in ...

• Jewish Council

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Consiliul Evreesc focused its struggle on the repatriation of the deportees and on the release of some of them to go to Palestine. Also in 1943-04, the council, with the help of the Centrala Evreilor, obtained Ion Victor Antonescu's permission for the return to Romania of 5,000 orphans and other Jews. The 5,000 were not repatriated, owing to German opposition, obstructions put in the way by the governor of Transnistria, and the intervention of the mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini. Wilhelm Filderman was expelled to Transnistria in 1943-05, and upon his return to Romania in Augus...

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1929-1940
• Updated 8 years ago

Z dniem 1 stycznia 1929 r. weszło w życie Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczpospolitej z dnia 6 lutego 1928 r. „Prawo o ustroju sądów powszechnych”, które dla rozpatrywania spraw cywilnych i karnych powoływało sądy powszechne złożone z sądów grodzkich, sądów okręgowych, sądów apelacyjnych i z Sądu Najwyższego. Do kompetencji sądów grodzkich należało orzekanie w I instancji w drobniejszych sprawach cywilnych i karnych. Sądy grodzkie rozpatrywały sprawy jednoosobowo. Sąd Grodzki w Turku rozpoczął funkcjonowanie z początkiem 1929 r., a jego działalność została przerwana w 1939 r. w następstwie wy...

• Zionist Organization in Poland

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 8 years ago

Founded in 1916

The General Zionists, founded in 1916 under the umbrella of the World Zionist Organization, was aiming to establish a homeland for the Jews in Palestine. In Poland, Zionists strove for national and cultural autonomy, protected Jewish economic rights and interests, strengthened national identity, and organized emigration to Palestine. General Zionists were divided into three factions: Et Liwnot (A time to build), the moderate group; Al Hamishmar (On guard), which had a leftist social program; and the New Zionist Organization (Revisionists), the radical right wing.

• Main Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

In 1991, Poland’s new democratic government transformed the Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce into the Główna Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu (Main Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation), which is part of the Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (Institute of National Remembrance).

• Fatherland Front
• OF

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1943-08

After Germany attacked the Soviet Union the Bulgarian Communist Party took the initiative inside the country. Until the final stage of the war, resistance tactics emphasized sabotage and small-group operations. About 10,000 persons are estimated to have participated in or supported the resistance, making it the largest such movement among Germany’s allies. Politically, the communists sought the cooperation of other opposition groups, and in 1943-08 the Fatherland Front was formed, composed of communists, left-wing Agrarians, Zveno, socialists, and some independent political figures. The fro...

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

In 1938/1939 the army of the United States was ill prepared even to defend the nation against attack; the public and Congress were determined to avoid war and ignorant of military requirements. The foreign policy of the United States was in debate, and the policies that the President followed in this period of doubt soon raised a conflict between the request for aid and the demands of national rearmament. Amid this confusion the services had to prepare for the worst. From 1938-09 to 1941-12-07 it became increasingly probable that the United States would have to fight in the Second World War.

• Committee for State Security
• KGB
• Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti
• КГБ

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1954-1991
• Updated 5 years ago

The KGB was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its collapse in 1991. Formed in 1954 as a direct successor of such preceding agencies as Cheka, NKGB, and MGB, the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers. It was the chief government agency of "union-republican jurisdiction", acting as internal security, intelligence, and secret police. Similar agencies were instated in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia and consisted of many ministries, state committees, and state commissions.

• ארכיון מרסיק טננבוים
• Mersik-Tenenbaum Archive

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1943
• Updated 7 years ago

The archive gets its name from Mordechai Tenenbaum-Tamaroff, who set up the archive in early 1943, and Zvi Mersik, one of Mordechai Tenenbaum’s outstanding aides, who continued to maintain the archive after Mordechai Tenenbaum-Tamaroff’s death. Most of the documentation, which was created between July 1941 and April 1943, is located in the Yad Vashem Archive. The original material is not concentrated in one place: some of it is housed in the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw, and the rest of the material is still in the hands of unknown private individuals.