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Displaying items 321 to 340 of 3,431
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  1. GBA

    1. Staatliche und parteiamtliche Akten bis 1945
    2. Deutsches Reich (bis 1945)
    3. Arbeit, Soziales
    4. Reichsarbeitsministerium

    I. Generalbevollmächtigter für den Arbeitseinsatz (GBA)/ Hauptabteilung VI: Varia, 1938-1945 (RWM/19a): 1) Rundschreiben Reichsministerium und Chef der Reichskanzlei vom 18. Oktober 1942: Anerkennung der territorialen Veränderungen von Seiten des Vatikan erst nach Friedensschluss; Deshalb Entgegennahme von Interventionen des Vatikan nur für das Gebiet des Altreiches, 8112-8114; 2) Vermerk GBA (Ministerialrat Dr. Hildebrandt) über Sauckels Dienstreise nach Paris, Brüssel und Den Haag, Januar 1943; Bereitstellung von französischen Fach- und Hilfskräften für die deutschen Rüstungsbetriebe; Fre...

  2. Public transport pass and identification tag issued to a Roman Catholic Polish youth

    1. Hermanowski family collection

    Leather tag with an identification card and public transport pass for July 1944, issued to Wojciech Hermanowski. Wojciech was a Roman Catholic boy living with his parents, Jan and Stanislawa, and his older brother, Andrzej, in Warsaw, Poland, when the German army invaded on September 1, 1939. Wojciech was no longer allowed to go to school, so he began attending trade school and took general classes in secret. In February 1943, Andrzej was arrested as part of the underground resistance, and later transported to Auschwitz concentration camp. On August 1, 1944, the city’s underground resistanc...

  3. Silver metal cable link chain used to hold sports medals awarded to a German Jewish deaf-mute athlete

    1. Max Feld and Rose Feld-Rosman collection

    Chain used by the Feld family to hold sports medals awarded to Max Feld. Max competed in several deaf-mute athletic competitions in the 1930s in Berlin and Paris. In 1938, he left Germany for Paris to be with Raisa Steinberg, whom he had met when they were students at the Israelite School for the Deaf in Berlin. They married in 1939, and had a daughter, Esther, in 1940. Paris was occupied by the Germans in the summer of 1940 and foreign Jews were targeted for arrest. In May 1941, Max was sent to Beaune-la-Rolande interment camp; in July 1942, he was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentrat...

  4. White wool tallit with black stripes brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    White wool tallit with black stripes brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left from Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the tallit, or prayer shawl, and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in Au...

  5. Wellisch and Auerbach families papers

    1. Kurt and Frieda Wellisch and Ignaz and Rosine Auerbach collection

    Biographical materials primarily document Ignatz and Rosine Auerbach and Kurt and Frieda Wellisch. Auerbach records include Rosine’s birth certificate and a transport list, Łódź ghetto records, and AJDC records documenting Rosine’s and Ignatz’s deportation from Vienna to Łódź. Wellisch records include records documenting Frieda’s education and employment, a copy of her Third Reich passport, a confirmation of her birth, a copy of Kurt’s and Frieda’s marriage certificate, and a copy of a photograph of the couple aboard the Rex en route to New York. This series also includes a 1925 letter from...

  6. Pair of tefillin with an embroidered green velvet bag used by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Frank Meissner family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn37631
    • English
    • a: Height: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm) | Width: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) b: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) c: Height: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)

    Tefillin set and green velvet storage pouch used by Franz Meissner who left Czechoslovakia for Denmark in October 1939. Tefillin are small boxes that contain prayers that are attached to leather straps and worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. Franz, age 16, left Trest in October 1939 because of the increasing persecution of Jews as Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany and its allies. With the encouragement of his family, he left for Denmark with Youth Aliyah, a organization that helped people to emigrate to Palestine. In 1943, the Germans began to deport all Jews ...

  7. Watercolor painting of a crowd gathered in front of a decorative building in Vittel internment camp acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the package line in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), where s...

  8. Drawing of a man at a spinning wheel done in hiding by a Dutch Jewish man

    1. Abraham Rijksman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47222
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm) | Width: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Colored pencil drawing of Mr. de Lintrekker working at a spinning wheel in a Dutch family’s farmhouse near Genum (Ginnum), Netherlands, created by Abraham Rijksman while in hiding on January 10, 1944. Abraham and his family lived in Amsterdam when German forces occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. His family members were all arrested and deported between October 1942 and May 1943. Abraham was arrested in August 1943, and escaped twice from transport trains to Westerbork transit camp. The second time, he escaped with a pregnant woman, whose friend gave Abraham money to travel north to Fries...

  9. Drawing of farmhouse and trees done in hiding by a Dutch Jewish man

    1. Abraham Rijksman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47226
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 7.375 inches (18.733 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm) | Width: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Colored pencil drawing of a Dutch family’s farm near Genum (Ginnum), Netherlands, created by Abraham Rijksman while in hiding on January 6, 1944. Abraham and his family lived in Amsterdam when German forces occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. His family members were all arrested and deported between October 1942 and May 1943. Abraham was arrested in August 1943, and escaped twice from transport trains to Westerbork transit camp. The second time, he escaped with a pregnant woman, whose friend gave Abraham money to travel north to Friesland. In October, Abraham was forced to flee his first ...

  10. Continental typewriter with a green wooden cover used by Martin Niemoeller

    1. Martin Niemoeller collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn522540
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 12.200 inches (30.988 cm) | Depth: 12.250 inches (31.115 cm) b: Height: 6.625 inches (16.827 cm) | Width: 13.625 inches (34.608 cm) | Depth: 16.500 inches (41.91 cm)

    Continental typewriter with wooden cover used by Pastor Martin Niemoeller to prepare his sermons before and after World War II. When the Nazi Party came to power in 1933, Niemoeller was a Lutheran pastor in Berlin-Dahlem. In September 1933, Niemoeller helped found the Pastor's Emergency League to protest Nazi interference in church affairs and the attacks on Christians of Jewish origin. In May 1934, he helped found a new Protestant church in Germany, the Bekennende Kirche (the Confessing Church) and was barred from preaching by the government. Recognizing that the new government was a dicta...

  11. Monogrammed tallit pouch brought with a German Jewish refugee

    1. Richard Pfifferling and Ruth Pfifferling Knox family collection

    Monogrammed tallit pouch brought with Richard Pfifferling when he left Dresden, Germany, for New York in September 1939. Richard received the pouch and other religious items as a gift for his bar mitzvah circa 1927. In 1933, the Nazi regime came to power and enacted laws that persecuted Jews. Richard and his brothers, Otto and Ernst, fled Germany but their parents, Alexander and Auguste, were unable to leave. Richard later served in the US Army during the war. Richard’s parents were deported to Riga, Latvia, in December 1941, and killed in Auschwitz in August 1942. In 1944, he married Ruth ...

  12. Prosperity sure Pamphlet

    1. Franz Wohlfahrt family collection

    Jehovah's Witness pamphlet, Wohlfahrt Sicher, used by Gregor Wohlfahrt and then his son, Franz, to preach and recruit members for the Jehovah's Witness in Austria. After Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, the literature was banned by the Nazis. The Watchtower Society, the administrative arm for the Jehovah Witnesses, had been banned in Germany since 1935. The religion was not banned but members were arrested for their refusal to be drafted or participate in any military work. Members in Austria knew that they would be persecuted for their refusal to accept the authority of any temporal p...

  13. Lenneberg and Brünell families papers

    The Lenneberg and Brünell families papers consists of a diary, photographs, and documents relating to Ursula Lenneberg and Siegmund Brünell’s families' pre-war life in Germany and their wartime and post-war experiences in various concentration camps and DP camps. The diary was written by Ursula while in the Deggendorf DP camp. In the diary she describes her experiences interned in several camps including Theresienstadt, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Kudowa, and Merzdorf. The diary also includes post-war images of Ursula and her mother, Caroline “Lina” Lenneberg, as well as a note inscribed by her f...

  14. Dried flowers kept within a memorial book saved by a Hungarian Jewish family while in hiding

    Dried flowers preserved from the funeral for Samu Kornhauser by his widow Malvina. She pressed the flowers in the memorial book, Emlekezesek Konyvet, [Book of Remembrance] between pages 34 and 35. The book is record 1999.282.4. The book was preserved during World War II by Malvina, her daughter Margit Pick, her husband Istvan and son Gyorgy. Malvina, ten year old Gyorgy, and his parents lived in hiding in Budapest, Hungary, from November 1944-January 1945. Hungary, an ally of Nazi Germany, had adopted similar anti-Jewish laws in the 1930s. Istvan, an engineer, lost his job in May 1939 becau...

  15. Document case owned by a German Jewish refugee in the Shanghai Ghetto

    1. Löwenstein and Stern families collection

    Red document case used by Lola Stern (later Loy) and her family while emigrating from Germany in 1939 and Shanghai, China, in 1947. The case bears the name of a German insurance company and was likely acquired by Lola’s father, Hugo Stern, through his work as an insurance agent. After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, Lola was expelled from her school for being Jewish. To learn some work skills, she moved away from her parents, Hugo and Käthe Stern, and younger sister, Lisa, in Nordhausen. On November 8, 1938, during Kristallnacht, Lola was living in Frankfurt am Main as ...

  16. Concentration camp uniform pants worn by a Polish Jewish inmate

    1. Henry Carter collection

    Striped concentration camp uniform pants worn by Henryk Karter while a prisoner in Auschwitz I, II, and III concentration camps from December 1942-January 1945. Henryk, wife Edith, and children Jurek, 3, and Halina, 5 months, fled Bielsko, Poland, for Krakow during the German invasion in September 1939. In June 1941, the family was forced into the Krakow ghetto. In late 1941, Henryk was arrested for resistance activity by the Gestapo. In December 1942, he was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau as a political prisoner and tattooed with the number 90065. In February 1943, he was sent to Auschwitz III...

  17. Small hooked rug used in the wagon of a Sinti family

    1. Gabriel Reinhardt and Theresia Winterstein families collection

    Small patterned hooked rug used as a shoe mat in the wagon of Rita Prigmore and her family when she was a child in Wurzberg, Germany, after World War II. The Winterstein family had traveled widely in Western and Central Europe until the Nazi regime restricted Sinti migrations in the 1930s. Rita's parents, Theresia Winterstein and Gabriel Reinhardt, met in 1941 when they both worked at the Stadttheater in Wurzburg. Persecution of the Sinti was escalating. They were no longer allowed to work at the theater. Several members of Theresia's family were forced to agree to sterilization. Theresia a...

  18. Carl and Mina Weiler papers

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection

    The Carl and Mina Weiler papers consist of biographical materials, correspondence, emigration and immigration files, photographic materials, printed materials, and a recipe book documenting Carl Weiler’s and Mina Kaufmann’s German educations, American immigrations, and unsuccessful efforts to bring their family members to the United States. The collection also includes a World War I photo album and scrapbook documenting the military service of Mina’s uncle, Julius Oppenheimer, in Moselle. Biographical materials include birth, marriage, naturalization, and death certificates; passports and d...

  19. Aleksander Kulisiewicz sound recordings - Audycje Polskiego Radia [APR]

    1. Aleksander Kulisiewicz collection

    18 sound reels including Polish radio broadcasts of Kulisiewicz and his performances. Reel 1 - APR 1 Polish radio broadcast, "Choral ze piekla dna" [Songs from the depths of hell]. Side A includes various camp songs and fragments of camp songs sung by Aleksander Kulisiewicz (A.K.) such as "Elzunia," "Agonia Staszka," "Kostus moja," "Kolysanka dla synka." An a cappella choir sings "Marsz Pasiakow'' and "List." A.K. and Burski recount experiences surrounding musical activity at the camps. Side B includes a recording of a concert at Auschwitz from 1967. A.K. sings "Birkenau," with accordian ac...

  20. Watercolor painting of a line for wood and coal acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the line for wood and coal at Hotel Central in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Chri...