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Displaying items 2,161 to 2,180 of 2,248
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Language of Description: English

  1. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, issued to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Margret Hantman collection

    Scrip, valued at twenty kronen, issued to Margret Simon Hantman in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in Czechoslovakia between May 1943 and October 1944. Currency was confiscated from new inmates and replaced with scrip like this, which could only be used in the camp. Prior to the war, Margret and her family lived in Berlin, Germany, where her father owned a grocery store. In 1935, his store was taken by the authorities after the Nuremberg Laws were passed and he was forced to work as a laborer on the outskirts of the city. In October 1942, her sister Eva was sent on a transport to Rīga, La...

  2. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, issued to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Margret Hantman collection

    Scrip, valued at ten kronen, issued to Margret Simon Hantman in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in Czechoslovakia between May 1943 and October 1944. Currency was confiscated from new inmates and replaced with scrip like this, which could only be used in the camp. Prior to the war, Margret and her family lived in Berlin, Germany, where her father owned a grocery store. In 1935, his store was taken by the authorities after the Nuremberg Laws were passed and he was forced to work as a laborer on the outskirts of the city. In October 1942, her sister Eva was sent on a transport to Rīga, Latvi...

  3. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, issued to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Margret Hantman collection

    Scrip, valued at two kronen, issued to Margret Simon Hantman in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in Czechoslovakia between May 1943 and October 1944. Currency was confiscated from new inmates and replaced with scrip like this, which could only be used in the camp. Prior to the war, Margret and her family lived in Berlin, Germany, where her father owned a grocery store. In 1935, his store was taken by the authorities after the Nuremberg Laws were passed and he was forced to work as a laborer on the outskirts of the city. In October 1942, her sister Eva was sent on a transport to Rīga, Latvi...

  4. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, issued to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Margret Hantman collection

    Scrip, valued at one hundred kronen, issued to Margret Simon Hantman in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in Czechoslovakia between May 1943 and October 1944. Currency was confiscated from new inmates and replaced with scrip like this, which could only be used in the camp. Prior to the war, Margret and her family lived in Berlin, Germany, where her father owned a grocery store. In 1935, his store was taken by the authorities after the Nuremberg Laws were passed and he was forced to work as a laborer on the outskirts of the city. In October 1942, her sister Eva was sent on a transport to Rīg...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, issued to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Margret Hantman collection

    Scrip, valued at five kronen, issued to Margret Simon Hantman in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in Czechoslovakia between May 1943 and October 1944. Currency was confiscated from new inmates and replaced with scrip like this, which could only be used in the camp. Prior to the war, Margret and her family lived in Berlin, Germany, where her father owned a grocery store. In 1935, his store was taken by the authorities after the Nuremberg Laws were passed and he was forced to work as a laborer on the outskirts of the city. In October 1942, her sister Eva was sent on a transport to Rīga, Latv...

  6. Prosperity sure Pamphlet

    1. Franz Wohlfahrt family collection

    Jehovah's Witness pamphlet, Wohlfahrt Sicher, used by Gregor Wohlfahrt and then his son, Franz, to preach and recruit members for the Jehovah's Witness in Austria. After Nazi Germany annexed Austria in 1938, the literature was banned by the Nazis. The Watchtower Society, the administrative arm for the Jehovah Witnesses, had been banned in Germany since 1935. The religion was not banned but members were arrested for their refusal to be drafted or participate in any military work. Members in Austria knew that they would be persecuted for their refusal to accept the authority of any temporal p...

  7. Leon and Rebeka Ilutovich collection

    1. Leon and Rebeka Ilutovich collection

    The Leon and Rebeka Ilutovich collection focuses on the wartime experiences of Leon Ilultovich in Poland, Lithuania, Japan, and Shanghai, China. Materials in the collection include correspondence, visas, travel documents, medical records, identification records, newspapers, printed notices, ephemera, photographs, and photograph albums. The collection also includes photographs of the Ilutovich, Lindenbaum, and Landau families in Poland. The collection contains extensive biographical materials relating to Leon Ilutovich. These materials include identification documents, school records, medica...

  8. Large plastic doll named Marlene brought by a young Jewish girl to the Theresienstadt ghetto

    1. Inge Auerbacher collection

    Large, celluloid baby doll with several broken pieces that 7 year old Inge Auerbacher took with her when she and her parents, Berthold and Regina, were deported from Goppingen, Germany, in August 1942 to Theresienstadt ghetto/labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia. In the collection center, the SS took the doll's head off and searched it, then let her keep it. When the family arrived at the camp all of their belongings were taken away, except Inge's doll, named Marlene after the actress Marlene Dietrich. Inge promised her doll that she would protect it and the doll comforted Inge when...

  9. Eclaireurs Israélites de France shirt and kerchief worn by former hidden Jewish boy

    1. Steven W. Simon collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn35933
    • English
    • 1945
    • a: Height: 25.380 inches (64.465 cm) | Width: 23.000 inches (58.42 cm) b: Height: 28.000 inches (71.12 cm) | Width: 26.880 inches (68.275 cm) c: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm)

    Eclaireurs Israélites de France (Jewish Scouts of France) shirt, neckerchief, and slide fastener worn by Steven Simon when he was a scout in 1945-46. His scoutmaster Simon Barenbaum gave Steven his own neckerchief when Steven needed to recite his scouting pledge of allegiance. Steven and his parents, Arthur and Irma Simon, were Jewish German immigrants living in Paris, France, when it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940. They fled to the unoccupied southern region where they survived the war by adopting false identities. Scouting was very important for Steven as it eased his reintegration...

  10. Nahum Goldmann

    Born in the Russian Empire (now Belarus) in 1895, Nahum Goldmann received a law degree and PhD from the University of Heidelberg. He was President of the World Jewish Congress from 1948 to 1977 which he founded with Stephen Wise. He was a Zionist activist but was often critical of Israeli public policy. He was instrumental in creating the Jewish Material Claims Conference. Goldmann wrote an autobiography called "Sixty Years of Jewish Life" in 1969. He died in 1982. In this interview shot in Israel, Lanzmann and Goldmann discuss Stephen Wise, when the Jews realized the reality of the Final S...

  11. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by Czech refugee

    1. Raul Hilberg collection

    50 (funfzig) mark Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp note given to Raul Hilberg by Frank Petschek, who, with his wife, as well as the extended Petschek family, had to flee Czechoslovakia after its annexation by Nazi Germany in fall 1938. After the war, the confiscation of the Petschek family's vast business and land holdings by the Nazi regime were used for a major case in the War Criminals trials at Nuremberg. Hilberg and his parents fled Vienna, Austria, after its annexation by Germany in March 1938. It was Petschek's generosity that made possible the publication of Hilberg's landmark work,...

  12. Pair of white infant socks used postwar by a former hidden child

    1. Betti Blaugrund collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn49262
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Width: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) b: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm)

    Pair of white baby socks used after the war by Betti Blaugrund to clothe the doll, 2011.424.1, that had belonged to her cousin Aline Klajn. Betti's parents, Cypra and Wolf, and Aline, her parents Idessa and Wigdor, and younger brother Jacques, fled to France when Belgium was occupied by Nazi Germany in May 1940, but returned because of antisemitism. In summer 1942, the Germans acted on their plan to get rid of all the Jews in Belgium. Betti was born on July 16. The families were told to report for forced labor. They suspected that they would be deported and went into hiding. Cypra and Wolf ...

  13. White lace baby bonnet used postwar by a former hidden child

    1. Betti Blaugrund collection

    White cloth and lace baby bonnet used after the war by Betti Blaugrund to clothe the doll, 2011.424.1, that had belonged to her cousin Aline Klajn. Betti's parents, Cypra and Wolf, and Aline, her parents Idessa and Wigdor, and younger brother Jacques, fled to France when Belgium was occupied by Germany in May 1940, but returned because of antisemitism. In summer 1942, the Germans acted on their plan to get rid of all the Jews in Belgium. Betti was born on July 16. The families were told to report for forced labor. They suspected that they would be deported and went into hiding. Cypra and Wo...

  14. Large painted plastic doll owned by a Jewish girl killed in Auschwitz

    1. Betti Blaugrund collection

    Large baby doll owned by Betti Blaugrund that originally belonged to 7 year old Aline Klajn. Aline and her family were deported on October 24, 1942, from Uccle, Belgium, to Auschwitz concentration camp where they were killed. Aline's parents, Idessa and Wigdor, and Idessa's large extended family, came to Belgium from Poland in the 1920s. In May 1940, Belgium was occupied by Nazi Germany. In summer 1942, the Germans acted on their plan to get rid of all the Jews in Belgium. Aline, her parents, and her brother Jacques, 5, were given refuge by Alfred and Clara Duval; several family members hid...

  15. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note acquired by a Jewish Czech woman

    1. Elizabeth Trausel family collection

    Scrip valued at for 20 kronen acquired by Elisabeth (Liese) Trausel who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from fall 1944 until liberation in May 1945. Liese lived in Prague when it was invaded in March 1939, by Germany and made part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The authorities passed new anti-Jewish regulations that severely restricted Liese’s daily life. In September, Germany invaded neighboring Poland. In September 1941, Liese was required to wear a yellow Star of David badge at all times to identify herself as Jewish. Later that month, Reinhard Heydrich be...

  16. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note acquired by a Jewish Czech woman

    1. Elizabeth Trausel family collection

    Scrip valued at 100 kronen acquired by Elisabeth (Liese) Trausel who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from fall 1944 until liberation in May 1945. Liese lived in Prague when it was invaded in March 1939, by Germany and made part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The authorities passed new anti-Jewish regulations that severely restricted Liese’s daily life. In September, Germany invaded neighboring Poland. In September 1941, Liese was required to wear a yellow Star of David badge at all times to identify herself as Jewish. Later that month, Reinhard Heydrich becam...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note acquired by a Jewish Czech woman

    1. Elizabeth Trausel family collection

    Scrip valued at 50 kronen acquired by Elisabeth (Liese) Trausel who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from fall 1944 until liberation in May 1945. Liese lived in Prague when it was invaded in March 1939, by Germany and made part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The authorities passed new anti-Jewish regulations that severely restricted Liese’s daily life. In September, Germany invaded neighboring Poland. In September 1941, Liese was required to wear a yellow Star of David badge at all times to identify herself as Jewish. Later that month, Reinhard Heydrich became...

  18. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note acquired by a Jewish Czech woman

    1. Elizabeth Trausel family collection

    Scrip valued at 5 kronen acquired by Elisabeth (Liese) Trausel who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from fall 1944 until liberation in May 1945. Liese lived in Prague when it was invaded in March 1939, by Germany and made part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The authorities passed new anti-Jewish regulations that severely restricted Liese’s daily life. In September, Germany invaded neighboring Poland. In September 1941, Liese was required to wear a yellow Star of David badge at all times to identify herself as Jewish. Later that month, Reinhard Heydrich became ...

  19. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note acquired by a Jewish Czech woman

    1. Elizabeth Trausel family collection

    Scrip valued at 2 kronen acquired by Elisabeth (Liese) Trausel who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from fall 1944 until liberation in May 1945. Liese lived in Prague when it was invaded in March 1939, by Germany and made part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The authorities passed new anti-Jewish regulations that severely restricted Liese’s daily life. In September, Germany invaded neighboring Poland. In September 1941, Liese was required to wear a yellow Star of David badge at all times to identify herself as Jewish. Later that month, Reinhard Heydrich became ...

  20. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note

    1. Elizabeth Trausel family collection

    Scrip valued at 1 krone acquired by to Elisabeth (Liese) Trausel who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from fall 1944 until liberation in May 1945. Liese lived in Prague when it was invaded in March 1939, by Germany and made part of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The authorities passed new anti-Jewish regulations that severely restricted Liese’s daily life. In September, Germany invaded neighboring Poland. In September 1941, Liese was required to wear a yellow Star of David badge at all times to identify herself as Jewish. Later that month, Reinhard Heydrich becam...