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Displaying items 8,621 to 8,640 of 10,261
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  1. Cremona civilian internment scrip, 20 lire note, stamped with a Star of David

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, inclu...

  2. Cremona civilian internment scrip, 50 lire note, stamped with a Star of David

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, inclu...

  3. Emigration of Jewish displaced persons to Palestine

    Consists of copies of reports and memoranda relating to the emigration of Jewish displaced persons from the British Zone in Germany to Palestine. Included is information about the emigration of orphans during operation "Grand National Junior," the emigration of Jewish displaced persons during operation "Journey's End," emigration restrictions on Jewish men of military age, and the acquisition of exit permits for the British Zone and entry visas for Palestine.

  4. Lucien Dreyfus papers

    The Lucien Dreyfus papers primarily consist of five parts of a seven-part diary written by Lucien Dreyfus from 1940 to 1943. An intelligent and discerning man, Lucien used his diary to document his intellectual and social life as a refugee in the south of France, his observations on the rise of antisemitic laws and violence, his cardiac condition, his daughter’s family and their emigration to the United States, and his efforts to retrieve his confiscated property. The diary includes information about Lucien’s students, his opinions about the limited utility of assimilation in fighting antis...

  5. Ajlkichen and Fleichaker families papers

    The collection documents the Holocaust-era experiences of the Ajlkichen family of Brussels, Belgium, including the efforts of Kiwa Ajlkichen and his wife, Tcharna Fleichaker, to hide their children Roza and François, and the deportation of their daughter, Dora, in 1942 and her murder at the Auschwitz concentration camp. Documents include identification papers, a Polish passport, correspondence, a family book, a personal narrative describing Roza’s experiences, and material related to the family’s effort to learn the fate of Dora. Photographs include prewar family photographs of the Ajlkiche...

  6. Michael I. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Michael I., who was born in 1917, one of seven children. He recalls his family's business in Warsaw and Falencia; attending yeshiva until age fourteen; participating in Akiba; becoming head of the Otwock branch; antisemitic violence; living on training farms (hachsharah) in Be?chato?w and Siemiatycze; German invasion; fleeing to Ostro?e?ka, then ?omz?a; returning to his family in Otwock; fleeing to Soviet-occupied territory; traveling to Vilnius via Bia?ystok and Hrodna; working at a hachsharah in Garliava; living in Kaunas; German invasion; fleeing to Ukmerge?; posin...

  7. Eli C. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Eli C., who was born in Vienna, Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1917. He recounts participating in Blau-Weiss; working at a Zionist summer camp with Teddy Kollek; his brother's emigration to Palestine in 1934; attending university; antisemitic harassment; Anschluss; warnings from their non-Jewish landlord of German raids; moving to Zurich, then Geneva; arrest in September 1939; expulsion from Basel to a Gestapo prison in Lörrach; transfer from prison to prison en route to Sachsenhausen; forced labor in a brick factory; beatings, hunger, and lack of sanitation; public ex...

  8. Georges P. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Georges P., who was born in Belgium in 1909, the third of three children in a religious Catholic family. He recalls attending school in Brussels; his family's exile to Le Havre in 1914; returning to Brussels after the war; studying humanities; entering Abbaye de Maredsous in 1926 to study for the priesthood; ordination in 1933; providing safe havens for Jewish refugees beginning in 1934; hiding Jews in the abbey in 1939; enlisting in the army during German invasion in 1940; traveling with his brother to Boulogne-sur-Mer; imprisonment by the Germans; escaping to Brusse...

  9. Emil L. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Emil L., who was born in Berehove, Czechoslovakia (presently Ukraine) in 1920, one of four children. He recounts attending cheder; emigration with his family to Antwerp in 1930; moving to Brussels; attending a Flemish school; cordial relations with non-Jews; his bar mitzvah; participating in the Young Socialists (JS); participating in a meeting in Louvain to unite socialists and communists; arrest at an anti-Rexist demonstration; release; briefly fleeing to France; apprenticeship as a tailor; German invasion; fleeing with his family to France; his aunt's death and his...

  10. Alfred K. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Alfred K., who was born in Vienna, Austria in 1921, the youngest of three brothers. He recounts attending public school; antisemitic harassment; participating in socialist and Zionist organizations; Austrians welcoming the Germans during the Anschluss; one brother emigrating to relatives in the United States, the other, as a physician with a Kindertransport, to England; the concierge protecting him and his parents during Kristallnacht; fleeing with an aunt and uncle to Belgium; living in Antwerp; placement in Merksplas refugee camp; German invasion; fleeing to France;...

  11. Lydia C. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Lydia C., who was born in the Netherlands in 1931. She recounts living in Brussels from nine months of age; observing Jewish customs in their liberal home; her father's anti-Fascist activities; German invasion; a warning to leave due to her father's activities; fleeing with her parents and sisters through France; her father's opportunity to emigrate to England; his refusing to leave his family in Biarritz; living in a monastery with her mother and sister in Toulouse; a brief stay in Paris; living in a nearby refugee center for Dutch citizens (her father was the direct...

  12. Frieda R. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Frieda R., who was born in Antwerp, Belgium in 1920, one of three children of Polish émigrés. She recounts her paternal grandmother joining them from Poland; attending public school and a Bund school (her father was a Bundist); participating in Maccabi; her father's death in 1932; leaving school to help support the family; joining the Yiddisher Arbayter Sport Klub (YASK); friendships with young German refugees through the Freie Deutsche Jugend; her fiancé emigrating to the United States in 1939; fleeing to Baisieux with his family when the war began intending to go...

  13. Boris B. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Boris B., who was born in Częstochowa, Poland in 1918, the youngest of ten children. He recalls his father's death; joining his brother in Saverne in 1928; attending rabbinical school in Paris; working in his family's business; military draft in 1939; German invasion; capture as a prisoner of war in Brest; incarceration in Coëtquidan, Loudéac, Compiègne, then Saint-Just-en-Chaussée; escape; returning to Paris; joining his mother in Caluire-et-Cuire via Lyon; employment as a glass-cutter; a year later, working for Father Alexandre Glasberg, OSE, and Sixièmè (Jew...

  14. Siegbert K. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Siegbert K., who was born in Berlin, Germany in 1921 to Polish emigres. He recounts his family's return to Poland and immediate emigration to Brussels; speaking Yiddish, Polish, and Russian at home; the births of two sisters; his father establishing a business; his bar mitzvah; German invasion in 1940; efforts to enlist and rejection as a non-Belgian citizen; obtaining papers as non-Jews for himself and his sisters; joining the Front de l'Indépendence Resistance; hiding his youngest sister with non-Jews; his parents refusing false papers; their deportation in 1942 (t...

  15. Binjamin M. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Binjamin M., who was born in Włocławek, Poland in 1917, the oldest of three children. He recounts a happy childhood in an affluent, assimilated home; participating in Hashomer Hatzair; increasing antisemitism in the 1930s; studying engineering in Warsaw; German invasion; fleeing to Brest in the Soviet Union; corresponding with his family; assistance from a family friend; working as an electrician; his brother's arrival; moving to Lʹviv to work as an electrical engineer; arrest with his brother as non-Soviet citizens; using his influence to have his brother sent home, ...

  16. Buntea C. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Buntea C., who was born in Soroca, Russia (presently Moldova) in 1911, one of five children. She recounts fleeing a pogrom with her family when she was six; Romanian occupation after World War I; one brother moving to the Soviet Union; her arrest at sixteen for communist associations; her father obtaining her release through a bribe; expulsion from school; emigration to Brussels in 1928; her brother's emigration to Palestine in 1929; visiting her parents for two weeks prior to their emigration to Palestine in 1934; attending university and working in factory; particip...

  17. Robert M. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Robert M., a Catholic, who was born in Brussels, Belgium in 1921. He recounts a half-brother from his mother's previous marriage to a Jew who was killed in World War I; visits with his half-brother to his mother's first mother-in-law; his father's death in 1929; participating in a Boy Scout group; assisting Jewish refugees from Germany; attending university; German invasion; fleeing to Rouen, Les Sables-d'Olonne, and Toulouse; his brother joining the French army; returning home; participating in the resistance through Group G; giving his identity card to a Jewish woma...

  18. Shaul S. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Shaul S., who was born in Cologne, Germany in 1924, the second of three children. He recounts his father's service in World War I; attending a Jewish school; his father purchasing property in the Netherlands; moving to Oosterbeek after Adolf Hitler's 1933 election; moving to Arnhem; joining Maccabi Hatzair; attending the Berlin Olympics in 1936; his maternal grandparents joining them after Kristallnacht; his grandparents' relocation to Westerbork as German refugees; their release to Amsterdam; working in his father's poultry business; moving to Amsterdam; German invas...

  19. Alfred F. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Alfred F., who was born in Breslau, Germany (presently Wrocław, Poland) in 1920, the older of two siblings. He recounts his father's pro-German sentiments based on his military service in World War I; anti-Jewish laws resulting in his expulsion from school in 1934; attending a Jewish school; moving with his family to Berlin in 1935; participating in Hechalutz; attending their summer camp; hearing Martin Buber speak; non-Jewish neighbors hiding his family during Kristallnacht; his sister's emigration to England, then his to Wieringen, Netherlands with a hachsharah in M...

  20. Rivka K. Holocaust testimony

    Videotape testimony of Rivka K., who was born in Rzeszów, Poland, in 1920, one of two children. She recounts her family's Zionism; attending Hebrew schools; participating in Zionist youth groups; her family's move to Kraków in 1933; attending a Hebrew gymnasium; participating in Ha-No'ar ha-Ivri-Akiba led by Yoel Dreiblatt; antisemitic harassment; working for Akiba in Warsaw; being sent to establish Akiba in Bydgoszcz, Skarżysko, and Starachowice; assisting German-Jewish refugees in Zbąszyń; returning to Kraków as a leader with Shimon Draenger, Adolf Liebeskind (Dolek) and others; eng...