Authorities

Advanced query tips

There are several ways to be more specific in your search query:

"Phrase"
Search an exact match of your query, e.g. "Member lists"
+Phrase
Given word has to be in the result, e.g. +Gestapo
-Phrase
Exclude given word from search, e.g. -Gestapo

Use the following syntax to restrict the search to specific fields:

field:"phrase"
For instance, you can find all descriptions that have the phrase "Auschwitz Birkenau" in their titles by searching for title:"Auschwitz Birkenau".

The following fields are currently available:

  • identifier
  • title
  • creator
  • person
  • place
  • subject
  • address
Displaying items 181 to 200 of 14,588
Search result ordering
Language of Description: English

  1. Народный комиссариат внутренних дел

    • The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs
    • Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del
    • НКВД
    • NKVD

    1917-1946

    The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was a law enforcement agency of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the All Union Communist Party. It was closely associated with the Soviet secret police, which at times was part of the agency, and is known for its political repression during the era of Joseph Stalin. The NKVD contained the regular, public police force of the USSR, including traffic police, firefighting, border guards and archives. It is best known for the activities of the Gulag. The NKVD conducted mass extrajudicial executions, ran the Gulag system o...

  2. Francs-Tireurs et Partisans

    • FTP - French Fighters and Partisans
    • FTP

    1942/1944-02

    The Francs-Tireurs et Partisans, set up in the spring of 1942, resulted from the merger of three militant communist groups: the Organisation Spéciale, formed in 1940 to protect communist leaders; the group of young communists, the first to attack German soldiers; and the fighters of the Main-d’Oeuvre Immigrée. The FTP was the military arm of the communist Front National, which decided that about 20 per cent of its members would take part in it. With the introduction of the abhorred Service du Travail Obligatoire, non-communists joined the FTP for self-protection to avoid work in Germany, as...

  3. Karl Linnas

    1919-1987

    Karl Linnas was, between 1941 and 1943, the commandant of a concentration camp at Tartu during the German occupation of Estonia. After Soviet forces pushed the Germans out of Estonia, Linnas fought with the German army. After the war he stayed in Displaced Persons camps in Germany until emigrating to the USA in 1951. During the show trial in Soviet Estonia in 1962 he was sentenced to capital punishment. In 1979 U.S. immigration officials charged him with making false statements to gain entry to the United States. In 1981 the Federal District Court in Westbury, New York, stripped then-62-yea...

  4. Federatia Uniunilor de Comunitati Evreiesti

    • Federation of Jewish Communities
    • FUCE

    The president of the Federatia Uniunilor de Comunitati Evreiesti, Dr. Wilhelm Filderman, was the initiator and political leader of Jewish life at that historical moment when the Jewish community in Romania was confronted with the most complex problems of its entire history. Although his activity had to be focused on solving everyday problems (as all the anti-Semitic measures had a direct effect at this level), his efforts did not have only an administrative dimension. Solving those many problems required great tact, political vision, flexibility, and the capacity to adapt to a specific hist...

  5. Fleischmann Gisi

    • Fleischmannová, Gizi, 1892-1944
    • Fleischmannová, Gisela, 1892-1944
    • Fleischmann, Gisi, 1892-1944
    • Fleischmann, Gisi
    • פלישמן, גישי
    • ...

    21/01/1892

    1944

    President of the Slovak WIZO, and representative of the Joint in Slovakia. Gisi Fleischmann was one of the few female Jewish leaders in Europe during World War II. She helped Jews in Slovakia to find refuge in other countries before the war and in the midst of the war. As a member of the Bratislava underground Working Group, she was involved with the Europa Plan and the Children’s Rescue Plan, which attempted to save Jews through bribery and negotiations with the Nazis. Fleischmann was arrested by the SS in 1944 and deported to Auschwitz. She was murdered on arrival in Auschwitz in October ...

  6. Dirlewanger Oskar Paul

    • Dirlewanger, Oskar-Paul, 1895-1945
    • Dirlewanger, Oskar, 1895-1945
    • Dirlevanger, Oskar Daulʹ, 1895-1945
    • Dirlewanger, Oskar

    26/09/1895

    07/06/1945

    Obersturmführer (1939), SS-Standartenführer (1944). Joined the Condor Legion in 1937. 1940 founded the special SS battalion "Dirlewanger" made up of criminals. This unit was investigated by a Hauptamt SS court for extreme cruelty and murderous havoc during "partisan combat" in Poland and Belarus. The "Dirlewanger" unit was also active in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.

  7. Rauter Hanns Albin

    • Rauter, Hanns Albin (Johann Baptist Albin), 1895-1949
    • Rauter, Hanns, 1895-1949
    • Rauter, Hanns Albin
    • Rauter, Hans Albin 1892-1949
    • Rauter, Johann Baptist Albin 1892-1949
    • ...

    04/02/1895

    25/03/1949

    Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer Niederlande (1940-). Proclaimed The Netherland "judenfrei" to Himmler 02.03.1944

  8. Einsatzgruppe D

    • EG D

    1942/1943

    Einsatzgruppe D, 600 troops initially, had its headquarters in Piatra-Neamt, Romania. Areas of operation were southern Ukraine, Crimea, Ciscaucasia. Dr. Otto Ohlendorf commanded Einsatzgruppe D. Himmler replaced him with SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Polizei dr. Walter Bierkamp. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind the lines and murdered political opposition. The Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1.25-2 million Jews and tens of thousands of Sovie...

  9. International Refugee Organization

    • IRO

    1946/1952-01

    International Refugee Organization, temporary specialized agency of the United Nations that, between its formal establishment in 1946 and its termination in 1952-01, assisted refugees and displaced persons in many countries of Europe and Asia who either could not return to their countries of origin or were unwilling to return for political reasons. Beginning operations on 1947-07-01, the IRO took over the work of its principal predecessor organization, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. Among the services supplied by the IRO were the care and maintenance of refugee...

  10. Friedman Philip

    • Friedman, Philip, 1901-1960
    • Friedmann, Filip
    • Friedmann, Filip.
    • Fridman, Filip.
    • Friedman, Filip.
    • ...

    1901

    1960

    Holocaust survivor, historian of the Holocaust, founded the Central Jewish Historical Commission immediately after WWII.

  11. Himmler Heinrich

    • Himmler, Heinrich, 1900-1945
    • Himmler, Heinrich Luitpold, 1900-1945
    • Gimmler, Genrich 1900-1945
    • Himmler, Heini, 1900-1945
    • Gimmler, Genrikh, 1900-1945
    • ...

    07/10/1900

    23/05/1945

    Various positions, most influential: Reichsführer SS (RFSS), head of the Deutsche Polizei (German police), directly subordinated to Hitler. Also: "Reichskommissar für die Festigung Deutschen Volkstums" (RKF) for the Occupied Eastern Territories, since 25 Aug 1943 also Minister of the Interior, and since 1944 additionally commander of the reserve army (Befehlshaber des Ersatzheeres).

  12. Žydų mokslo institutas (JIVO) Vilniuje

    • Žydowski instytut naukowy (JIWO) w Wilnie
    • Institute for Jewish Research (YIVO) in Vilnius

    "In 1925, the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research was founded in Vilna (Wilno, Poland; now Vilnius, Lithuania), by key European intellectuals, including Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud, to record the history and pioneer in the critical study of the language, literature and culture of the Jews of Eastern Europe. From its inception, YIVO was deeply concerned that the language and culture of East European Jewry were undergoing radical change in a rapidly modernizing world. YIVO's founders were tireless in collecting the documents and archival records of Jewish communities across Eastern Europ...

  13. Hlinkova Garda

    • Hlinka Guard
    • HK

    Founded in 1938

    Hlinkova Garda was a militia established in Slovakia by the pro-Nazi Hlinkova slovenská l’udová strana (Hlinka Slovak People’s Party) after the Munich Conference of 1938, in which Western leaders allowed Hitler to occupy the Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia. The Hlinkova Garda was named for Andreij Hlinka, a Slovak nationalist who died that same year. Members of the guard were given military training and were urged to hate Jews, Czechs, and supporters of the left. They wore black uniforms and used the Nazis’ raised-arm salute. In 1942, the HG and other collaborationists aided local police a...

  14. Légion des Volontaires Français Contra le Bolchevisme

    • Legion of Volunteers against Bolshevism
    • LVF

    Founded in 1941

    The Légion des Volontaires Français Contra le Bolchevisme, led by Jacques Doriot, Eugène Deloncle and Marcel Déat, was set up as collaborationist groups in mid-1941. Initially, about 10,000 volunteered to fight in Nazi uniforms against the Soviet Union. About 3,600 did actually fight, though poorly because of insufficient training, in 1942 on the eastern front. A reorganized LVF unit served in operations against partisans in eastern Europe. Because of its fear that Doriot and the LVF would become to powerful, Vichy took it over in 1942-07, renaming it the Légion Tricolore. The military su...

  15. Franco Francisco

    • Franco Bahamonde, Francisco, 1892-1975
    • Franco, Francisco, 1892-1975
    • Boor, J., 1892-1975
    • Andrade, Jaime de, 1892-1975
    • Franco, Francisco.
    • ...

    1892

    1975

    Spanish head of state from 1939 until 1975.

  16. Kapel Shmuel René

    • Kapel, René Samuel
    • Kapel, Shmuel René
    • Ḳapel, Shemuʾel Reneh
    • Kapel, Samuel René
    • קפל, שמואל רנה
    • ...

    1907

    1994

    French Rabbi during WWII, one of the chaplains for the internment camps in South France. Holocaust survivor, France. Israeli Ambassador to Greece and Latin American countries.

  17. Alliance Israélite Universelle

    • AIU

    1860/present

    The Alliance Israélite Universelle was set up by Adolphe Crémieux in 1860, originally to ‘reconcile Judaism with the modern world’, to combine Jewish identity for those ‘attached with [their] heart to the ancient religion of [their]fathers’ with French culture. The Alliance was created for the greater emancipation and moral progress of Jews and for relief of those who suffered, for civic equality and for strengthening self-improvement. Yet, through its influential school system it became a potent force for instilling French culture inside and outside the country, for furthering French inter...

  18. Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants

    • Children’s Aid Society
    • OSE

    Founded in 1912

    Begun by physicians in Russia in 1912 as Obshchestvo Zdravookhraneniya Yevreyev (Society for the Protection of the Health of Jews), the organization expanded into many European countries with significant Jewish populations and focused increasingly on the welfare of children in its care. Relocating to Paris in 1933, the organization assumed the name Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants. OSE ran a number of orphanages in France for Jewish refugee children and, when the deportations of Jews in France began in 1942, organized an underground effort to smuggle many of the children from OSE orphanages to...

  19. Zuskin Veniamin

    • Zuskin, Benjamin
    • Zusḳin, Binyomin 1899-1952
    • Zuskin, Veniamin Lʹvovič 1899-1952
    • Zusḳin, Binyamin 1899-1952
    • Zuskin, Veniamin, 1899-1952
    • ...

    1899

    1952

    Famous actor at the Moscow State Yiddish Theatre.

  20. Levi Primo

    • Леви, Примо
    • לוי, פרימו
    • Levi, Primo
    • Levi, Primo, 1919-1987
    • Malabaila, Damiano, 1919-1987
    • ...

    31/07/1919

    11/04/1987

    Writer, chemist and Holocaust-survivor. Noted for autobiographical accounts of survival in Auschwitz