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Displaying items 61 to 80 of 14,588
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Language of Description: English

  1. Bandera Stepan

    • Bandera, Stepan, 1908-1959
    • Bandera, Stepan, 1909-1959
    • Bandera, Stefan, 1909-1959
    • Bandera, Stepan A. 1909-1959
    • Бандера, Степан, 1909-1959.
    • ...

    01/01/1909

    15/10/1959

    Ukrainian leader, joined the Orhanizatsyia Ukrainshkykh Natsionalistiv (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, OUN) and soon became one of the leaders of the national organisation in Western Ukraine. Bandera helped the Nazis to set up two Ukrainian battalions, the Nachtigall battalion and the Roland Battalion, with the purpose of carrying out intelligence activities. The OUN-B organized "mobile units," which moved into the Ukraine with the German forces and established the local government and the Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Ukrainian Auxiliary Police). Arrested in September 1941 and sent to...

  2. Grigorijus Kanovičius

    • Grigory Yaakov Kanovich

    One of the most prominent modern Jewish writers. He was born in a Jewish family in Jonava town on June 18, 1929. Together with his parents he fled war-stricken Lithuania and spent years in exile in Kazakhstan and the Ural Mountains. In 1945 the family returned to Vilnius. Here, in 1953, he graduated from Vilnius State University with a degree in Slavic studies. In 1948 he published his first book of poetry. The first autobiographical novella to be published in the Soviet Union in post-war years was “I am Looking at the Stars” by Grigory Kanovich (1959). The novella received positive reviews...

  3. Hitler Adolf

    • Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945
    • Hitler.
    • Hitler, Adolph, 1889-1945
    • Khitker, Adolf, 1889-1945
    • Hitler, Adolf
    • ...

    20/04/1889

    30/04/1945

    Führer and Reichskanzler, since 04.02.1938 Oberbefehlshaber der Wehrmacht.

  4. Ona Šimaitė

    • Anna Szymajte

    6 January 1894 – 17 January 1970

    Ona Šimaitė - a librarian at Vilnius University, used her position to aid and rescue Jews in the Vilna Ghetto. Born in Akmenė on 6 January 1894 and later educated in Moscow, Šimaitė became a librarian at Vilnius University in 1940. After the Nazi invasion and the creation of the Vilna Ghetto in 1941 she began entering the ghetto under the pretext of recovering library books from Jewish university students. Over the next three years she smuggled in food and small arms (helped by Kazys Boruta, amongst others) and other provisions and smuggled out literary and historical documents, and also se...

  5. Tito Josip Broz

    • Tito, Josip Broz, 1892-1980
    • Broz, Josip, 1892-1980
    • Broz-Tito, Josip, 1892-1980
    • Tito-Broz, Josip, 1892-1980
    • Broz, Josip.
    • ...

    07/05/1892

    04/05/1980

    Secretary-general of the Communist Party of Yugosloavia (1939-80). Yugoslav president (1953-80).

  6. Bergen-Belsen Memorial

    • Gedenkstäte Bergen-Belsen

    After the outbreak of World War II, the Wehrmacht set up a camp for Belgian and French prisoners of war in huts at the edge of the Bergen Military Training Area. The camp was significantly expanded in the spring of 1941. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union, over 21,000 Soviet POWs were deported to the camp until the autumn of 1941. Between July 1941 and April 1942, 14,000 Soviet POWs died there of starvation, disease and exposure. In April 1943, the SS took over the southern section of the camp and turned it into an “exchange camp” for Jewish prisoners. The SS decided in the s...

  7. Eden Anthony

    • Eden, Anthony, 1897-1977
    • Eden, Robert Anthony.
    • Avon, Robert Anthony Eden, comte d'
    • Avon, Earl of, 1897-1977
    • Eden Robert Anthony 1897-1977
    • ...

    12/06/1897

    14/01/1977

    1st Earl of Avon. British statesman.

  8. Organization Schmelt

    1940/1944

    Organization Schmelt was a program of forced labor, which was first imposed upon the Jews of Eastern Upper Silesia and later extended to other areas. In effect from 1940 to 1944. Organization Schmelt was named for its director, SS-Oberführer Albrecht Schmelt. Organization Schmelt began establishing forced labor camps for Jews in 1940. The camps were built next to factories where war materials were manufactured, so that Jewish labor could be exploited. In 1941-03 SS chief Heinrich Himmler decided to use Jews from Organization Schmelt camps to construct even more factories. While previously t...

  9. Antonescu Ion

    • Antonescu, Ion, 1882-1946
    • Antonescu, Jon 1882-1946
    • Antonescu, Ion. 1882-1946
    • Antonescu-Hitler, ... 1882-1946
    • Antonescu, I. 1882-1946
    • ...

    15/07/1882

    01/06/1946

    Marshal and statesman who became dictator of the pro-German government during World War II. 1940 Prime minister with absolute powers, established a military dictatorship and openly embraced the Axis powers. In the summer of 1941, Antonescu ordMarshal and statesman who became dictator of the pro-German government during World War II. 1940 Prime minister with absolute powers, established a military dictatorship and openly embraced the Axis powers. In the summer of 1941, Antonescu ordered the expulsion of 150,000 Jews from Bessarabia, Bukovina, and the Dorohoi district, survivors of earlier ma...

  10. Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft-Metalwarenfabrik

    • HASAG

    Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft-Metalwarenfabrik was one of the privately owned German companies that used concentration camp prisoners as forced laborers. HASAG manufactured armaments and was the third largest of such companies, after I.G. Farben and the Herman Goering Works. In 1932 a Nazi Party member and SS Officer named Paul Budin became general manager of HASAG. In 1933 the company became the German army’s regular ammunitions supplier. In 1943 HASAG was officially designated as a Wehrmachtsbetrieb, a company working for the armed forces. In 1939 its classification was raised to that...

  11. Garda de Fier

    • Iron Guard

    Founded in 1927

    The Garda de Fier was a fascist and anti-Semitic movement in Romania, whose members were known as ‘Legionnaires’. Originally established in 1927 under the name ‘legion of the Archangel Michael’ and organized into paramilitary units, the Garda de Fier soon became a mass political movement. It was officially dissolved in 1933, but continued to function, even receiving the third largest number of votes in Romania’s 1937 election. During the mid-1930s the Garda de Fier also established ties with the Nazi regime in Germany. In 1938, Romania’s King Carol II again outlawed the Garda de Fier. Nonet...

  12. Abraham Silberschein

    Born in 1882, in Lwow, Poland, Dr. Abraham Silberschein was an attorney who dedicated himself to public service. He was one of the outstanding leaders of the Labor Zionist movement in Poland, and in 1922, he was elected by the movement to serve in the Polish Sejm as the Labor Zionist representative . In 1930 he arrived in Geneva as a representative to the Zionist Congress. Due to the outbreak of World War II, Dr. Silberschein did not return to Poland, but he remained in Switzerland from where he tried to organize relief activities for the persecuted Jews in Poland and Germany. He was the fo...

  13. Turkish government

    In examining the decision-making process in the Turkish government during the Second World War years two factors must be kept in mind; the government during this period was authoritarian, and power was very centralized. The Grand National Assembly, the Parliamentary Group of the CHP, the Cabinet and Inönü. This power structure included practically all the politically active elements in Turkish society. Yet despite Italy’s entry into the war in 1940-06 and the subsequent Axis campaign in the Balkans, which culminated in Germany’s invasion and defeat of Yugoslavia and Greece in spring 1941, T...

  14. Württembergisches Staatsministerium

    • Württemberg State Ministry

    Zur Beratung aller allgemeinen Staatsangelegenheiten wurde durch Gesetz vom 1. Juli 1876 das Staatsministerium errichtet. Ihm gehörten alle Minister an, die nun die Amtsbezeichnung "Staatsminister" führten. Die Leitung der Geschäfte sowie die Dienstaufsicht über das - geringe - Personal der neuen Behörde übernahm der vom König aus dem Kreis der Minister bzw. Departementschefs ernannte Ministerpräsident. Dieser hatte auch den Vorsitz bei den Beratungen des Staatsministeriums inne, sofern der König abwesend war. Zur Bearbeitung der Geschäfte und zur Teilnahme an den Beratungen wurden dem Staa...

  15. Brunner Alois

    • Brunner, Alois.
    • Brunner, Alois, 1912-....
    • Schmaldienst, Alois
    • Fischer, Georg
    • Schmaldienst, Alois, 1912-
    • ...

    08/04/1912

    SS-Hauptsturmführer (1942). Joined Eichmann's Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung in Vienna, and headed it since 1941. Responsible for registration and deportation of Austrian Jews. Helped in the deportation of Berlin Jews from the end of 1942 - Jan 1943. July 1943 - Aug 1944 Leiter (head) of Sonderkommando der Gestapo in France. Sentenced to death in absence, escaped to Damaskus/Syria.

  16. Landesheilanstalt Meseritz-Obrawalde

    • Regional Treatment Institute in Międzyrzec-Obrzyce
    • Krajowy Zakład Leczniczy w Międzyrzeczu–Obrzycach

    This was a hospital for mental and nervous illnesses. Most of the surviving files (in all 4,626 items) are the personal and case notes of patients (call no. 148-4626) and the personal files of nurses and auxiliary personnel. The papers of the hospital’s director and the doctors who took part in the euthanasia programme are missing, however. From 1933 and throughout World War II, Obrzyce was the site of crimes against individuals both sick and healthy who came into conflict with the German Nazis. From 1939 the hospital in Obrzyce was a transit point for sick people destined for sites of mass...

  17. Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürgers Jüdischen Glaubens

    • Central Union of German Citizens of Jewish Belief
    • CV

    1893/1938

    The Centralverein Deutscher Staatsbürgers Jüdischen Glaubens was dedicated to protecting the civil and social rights of Jews in Germany, while at the same time, cultivating their German identity. The Centralverein, active from 1893/1938, was originally established in response to the rise of political anti-Semitism. Part of the union’s platform was to view Jews as a religious group. When the Nazi party rose to national power in 1933, the union opened a legal office to fight for Jewish rights, and initiated an information campaign, which at first tried to calm German Jews. After the anti-Jewi...

  18. Estnische Selbstschutz

    • Estonian Home Guard
    • Eesti Omakaitse

    1941-1944

    In August 1941, the commander of the German occupying army unit Nord, Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, decided to better secure the rear and so gathered the troops composed of the Forest Brothers who had participated in the Summer War. The new organisation was called the Estonian Home Guard and was subordinate to local civilian authorities (Estonian Self-administration). Territorially, the Home Guard was divided into 13 county units. Their leaders took orders from local police prefects. The Home Guard was a voluntary organisation; the minimum age for schoolchildren was 17 years of age, and for othe...

  19. Comité Inter-Mouvements Aupres des Evacues

    • CIMADE

    Founded in 1939-09

    Comité Inter-Mouvements Aupres des Evacues was a protestant youth group created by the World Young Women Christian Association, the Young Men's Christian Association and the federation of Student Christian Movements in 1939-09. It was initially organized to assist residents of Alsace and Lorraine evacuated from the war zone by the French government. The organization had one clear conviction: the youth movements must unite in a common service to those whom the war had torn from their homes, the ‘displaced’. One of their activities was the opening, in the spring of 1942, of homes accredited t...

  20. Boris III

    • Boris III, Czar of Bulgaria, 1894-1943
    • Boris III, King of Bulgaria, 1894-1943
    • Boris III, vorst van Bulgarije, 1894-1943
    • Boris III, kung av Bulgarien, 1894-1943
    • Boris III, roi de Bulgarie, 1894-1943
    • ...

    1894

    28/08/1943

    King of Bulgaria. "Boris III believed Bulgaria's future lay in maintaining neutrality while tilting politically towards the Axis. This policy regained him South Dobruja from Romania in 1940. Still refusing to declare war against the Allies or supply troops to Hitler, he was killed by a pro-Soviet assassin.