Authorities

• Palestine Office

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1908

Eretz Israel Office was a Zionist institution established in Jaffa in 1908, headed by Arthur Rupin. It was a central agency for pro-Zionist settlement activities after the First World War, aiding land purchase and immigration.

• Belgian Jewish Council

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1943

The Comite Juif Belge was established, in London in 1943 by Mr. Herman Schamissa, and it affiliated itself with the World Jewish Congress in 1944.

• Młody Strażnik

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Haszomer Hacair was a Jewish scout organization with left-wing and Zionist views. One of the founders was dr Henryk Goldszmyt (also known as Janusz Korczak). The target of the organization was to educate young Jewish people. Haszomer Hacair began to fight against assimilation in the environment and impose an obligation to use Hebrew in order to generate an atmosphere of Judaism in the group. Haszomer Hacair was preparing young people to emigrate to Palestine by organizing summer and winter camps (Kibutz). During the occupation, Haszomer Hacair was working in conspiracy, mainly in the ghetto...

• EHRI Personalities
• Person
• 1900-1961
• Updated 1 decade ago

Arno Anthoni, originally a lawyer, was the chief of the Finnish State Police in the years 1941-1944. Openly antisemite, and pro-German, Anthoni had close relations with the Sicherheitspolizei which led to the deportation of eight Jews to the German authorities on November 6, 1942 on the ship Hohenhörn. After the war, in 1945, Anthoni was arrested. He was the only member of the State Police to be put on trial. After his process in 1948 Anthoni was released and continued to work as a lawyer.

• Finnish Red Cross POW Office

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1939-1948
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Finnish Red Cross established its POW Office in 1939 to collect data concerning the POWs during the Winter War, and later during the Continuation War. The office was established on the ground of the Geneva Conventions on the treatment of POWs. In the years 1939-1944 Finland held in custody around 70,000 Soviet POWs. Approximately 470 of them were Jewish. During the continuation war (1941-1944) the rate of mortality in the camps was very high, up to 30%. Around 2500 POWs were extradited to the Germans. Within the extradited there were 55 Jews. Two of them were returned to the Finnish aut...

• Einsatzkommando Finnland

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1941-1942
• Updated 1 decade ago

In 1941, as Finland joined the German assault on the Soviet Union, together with the Finnish Security Police, the RSHA set up a previously unknown special unit, the Einsatzkommando Finnland, entrusted with the destruction of the perceived ideological and racial enemies on the northernmost part of the German Eastern Front. Joint actions in northern Finland led also members of the Finnish State Police to become participants in mass murders of Communists and Jews. Post-war criminal investigations into war crimes cases involving former security police personnel were invariably stymied because o...

• Finnish State Police
• Valpo
• Etsivä keskuspoliisi

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1919-1948
• Updated 1 decade ago

In 1919 Etsivä keskuspoliisi (Detective Central Police) was established. In 1937 it was transformed into Valtiollinen poliisi, or Valpo (the Finnish State Police). The main task of the State Police was to control public order, to prevent political subversion, and to monitor foreigners in Finland. The police’s action was directed mainly against the political left, the underground Communist Party, the trade unions and workers’ organizations. During the war time Valpo cooperated with the German security police. After the war, due to political changes, Valpo became left-wing oriented. For this ...

• Finnisches Freiwilligen-Bataillon der Waffen-SS
• Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1941-1943
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Finnish Waffen-SS battalion was established in the spring of 1941. Approximately 1,400 Finnish volunteers joined the battalion. The soldiers participated in the campaigns on the Eastern Front, in Ukraine and the Caucasus. In 1943 the battalion was dissolved.

• Armed SS

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Waffen-SS, SS military units, was the largest (thirty-nine divisions) branch of the SS reaching its peak strength of 900,000 soldiers in 1944-10. Steeped in Nazi ideology and composed of many nationalities, this political army participated in the Anschluss, the occupation of the Sudetenland, and invasion of Poland, Greece, and Yugoslavia. It captured thousands of prisoners, especially in the Baltics and Russia, and aided the Einsatzgruppen when called upon to do so. They also operated the Majdanek concentration camp complex. As the Waffen-SS retreated from the Western front, many were a...

• The Main Directorate of State Security
• Glavnoe Upravlenie Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti
• ГУГБ
• GUGB

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1934-1943
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Main Directorate of State Security was the name of the Soviet intelligence service, secret police from July 1934 to April 1943. It was run under the auspices of the Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD).

• The Joint State Political Directorate
• The All-Union State Political Administration
• Obyedinyonnoye gosudarstvennoye politicheskoye upravleniye pri SNK SSSR
• ОГПУ
• OGPU

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1922-1934
• Updated 1 decade ago

The OGPU was the secret police of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1934. Its official name was "Joint State Political Directorate under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR"

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

By 1932, the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei was the largest single party in Germany, but not the majority. In the election that year, Nazis polled 38 percent of the vote. After Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933-01, the German government became a totalitarian regime ruled by Hitler and his Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei.

• Hungarian National Defense Association
• MOVE

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1919-01-19

Magyar Országos Véderő Egyesület was a racist and anti-Semitic organization.

• Central Welfare Council
• RGO

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1940/1945

Rada Główna Opiekuńcza was a social welfare organization manned by Polish volunteers, and it was active in the Generalgouvernement from 1940/1945. The RGO was supervised by the German occupying authorities, but helped both Poles and Jews. The RGO was also in contact with the Polish underground. In 1941 one million people received aid from the RGO; in the fall of 1944, 1.2 million people were aid recipients.

• Central Organization for Orphan Care
• CENTOS

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1924

The Centralne Towarzystwo Opieki nad Sierotami I Dziećmi Opuszczonymi was a voluntary organization set up in 1924 to unite voluntary child-care organizations throughout Poland under one agency. CENTOS operated aid organizations for children and youth, including orphanages, boarding and trade schools, day-care centers, food- and clothing-distribution centers, and children’s camps. It also provided funding to foster families. Prior to the German invasion of Poland, CENTOS functioned more than two hundred Policies cities and cared for tens of thousands of children. CENTOS was very active in th...

• The Society for the Protection of the Health of the Jewish Population in Poland
• TOZ

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1922/1950

Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Ludności Żydowskiej w Polsce was founded in 1922, its main activity before the war was preventive health care for the Jewish masses, efforts to improve hygienic and sanitary conditions, education, and preventive medicine. Above all it combated typhus, tuberculosis, and infectious children’s diseases. TOZ had more than 400 medical centers and sanitary clinics. After a hiatus, it restarted its activities in 1946, but in 1950 its medical centers were nationalized, its property was confiscated, and the organization was closed down.

• Federation of Jewish Communities
• FUCE

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The president of the Federatia Uniunilor de Comunitati Evreiesti, Dr. Wilhelm Filderman, was the initiator and political leader of Jewish life at that historical moment when the Jewish community in Romania was confronted with the most complex problems of its entire history. Although his activity had to be focused on solving everyday problems (as all the anti-Semitic measures had a direct effect at this level), his efforts did not have only an administrative dimension. Solving those many problems required great tact, political vision, flexibility, and the capacity to adapt to a specific hist...

• Jewish Council

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Consiliul Evreesc focused its struggle on the repatriation of the deportees and on the release of some of them to go to Palestine. Also in 1943-04, the council, with the help of the Centrala Evreilor, obtained Ion Victor Antonescu's permission for the return to Romania of 5,000 orphans and other Jews. The 5,000 were not repatriated, owing to German opposition, obstructions put in the way by the governor of Transnistria, and the intervention of the mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini. Wilhelm Filderman was expelled to Transnistria in 1943-05, and upon his return to Romania in Augus...

• Jewish Democratic Committee
• CDE

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1945

The Comitetul Democratic Evreiesc was founded in 1945 by the communists in an effort to exercise a better control over the Jewish community.

• Federation of Jewish Societies of France
• FSJF

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1913

As early as 1913 the Federation des Sociétés Juives de France was founded in Paris, grouping twenty-two other societies and asserting that ‘the Jewish immigrant is a source of activity and precious good will’ and should participate in management of communal works.