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Displaying items 401 to 420 of 3,432
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  1. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  2. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 1 (eine) krone, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegfried ...

  3. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  4. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  5. Wreath shaped badge owned by a Jewish veteran of the Air Force for the Czech government in exile

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Wreath shaped pin with a fish owned by Frank Meissner who served in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, even after their deportation to Theresienstadt ghetto. The letters stopped in 1943. In the...

  6. White cloth armband worn by a Roman Catholic Polish firefighter in Warsaw

    1. Hermanowski family collection

    Firefighter’s armband issued to Wojciech Hermanowski and used during the German occupation of Warsaw. The armband enabled Wojciech to safely go out on the streets, even after curfew, which was dangerous for most Polish residents. Wojciech was a Roman Catholic boy living with his parents, Jan and Stanislawa, and his older brother, Andrzej, in Warsaw, Poland, when the German army invaded on September 1, 1939. Wojciech was no longer allowed to go to school, so he began attending trade school and took general classes in secret. In February 1943, Andrzej was arrested as part of the underground r...

  7. Honecker, Erich

    Bestandsbeschreibung 25. Aug. 1912 in Neunkirchen/Saar als Sohn eines Bergarbeiters geboren 1913 Umzug der Familie Wilhelm Honecker nach Wiebelskirchen Volksschule, Berufsschule 1922 Mitglied des "Jung-Spartakus" 1926 Mitglied des Kommunistischen Jugendverbandes Deutschlands (KJVD) 1926-1928 Landarbeiter 1928 Mitglied des Deutschen Holzarbeiter-Verbandes (DHV) 1928-1930 Lehre und Arbeit als Dachdecker 1929 Mitglied der KPD 1930-1931 Kursant an der Internationalen Leninschule in Moskau 1931 Sekretär des KJVD-BL Saar und Gauführer der Roten Jungfront ab 1933 illegale Arbeit und Leiter der ill...

  8. Drawn threadwork pillowcase with the embroidered initials KR used by a German Jewish Kindertransport refugee

    1. Bertl Rosenfeld Esenstad collection

    Whitework pillowcase used by 14 year old Bertl Rosenfelt when she and two younger sisters, Edith, 13, and Ruth, 9, left Nazi Germany in March 1939 on a Kindertransport to Great Britain. It was made by her maternal aunt Friederika Lemberger and embroidered with Bertl's mother's initials, KR, Katherine Rosenfelt. After Hitler assumed power in Germany in 1933, Jews were subjected to increasingly punitive restrictions. Bertl's extended family tried to get visas for the US, but were unsuccessful because of the strict US quotas. Bertl, Edith, and Ruth were sent to Aachen to live with Friederika i...

  9. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden note kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by G...

  10. Anonyma und Anschreiben, Vita, Familie, Presse

    1. Staatliche und parteiamtliche Akten bis 1945
    2. Deutsches Reich (bis 1945)
    3. NSDAP und angeschlossene Verbände
    4. Reichsleitung
    5. Hauptarchiv der NSDAP

    I. Anonyme Briefe an Hitler, 1923; 53 Bl. II. Briefe an Hitler, A bis Z, 1923 (Briefe von meist unbekannten Privatpersonen an Hitler, Berichte über NSDAP-Gruppen, Zustimmung und Begeisterung für seine völkischen Ideen, Aufforderung, anlässlich völkischer Kundgebungen zu sprechen), 426 Bl.; 1) Johann Babirath an Hitler vom 05. Oktober 1923: Stellung Riehls und der Österreichischen NSDAP; 3 Blatt; 2) Therese Buchberger an Hitler vom 02. November 1923: Revolutionshoroskop für den 07. November 1918; 11 Bl.; 3) Aufsatz G. Becker (ohne Datum): "Der neue Staat"; Vorschläge für eine wirtschaftliche...

  11. White armband with a red cross worn by a concentration camp inmate

    1. Henry Carter collection

    Armband with a red cross worn by Henryk Karter while a prisoner and nurse in Block 19, the hospital, in Auschwitz I concentration camp, from ca. 1943 until his liberation in January 1945. Henryk, wife Edith, and children Jurek, 3, and Halina, 5 months, fled Bielsko, Poland, for Krakow during the German invasion in September 1939. In June 1941, the family was forced into the Krakow ghetto. In late 1941, Henryk was arrested for resistance activity by the Gestapo. In December 1942, he was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau as a political prisoner and tattooed with the number 90065. In February 1943, h...

  12. Plastic doll with handmade clothes received by girl in DP camp

    1. Paul and Sally Comins Edelsberg family and Kurt Clark collection

    Small plastic doll with blonde hair and handmade clothes received by Zelda Kamieniecki as a child in Neu Ulm displaced persons camp in Germany in 1947. Zelda was an infant in August 1941 when German troops occupied her birthplace, Rovno, Poland (Rivne (Rivnensʹka oblastʹ, Ukraine). Zelda and her mother Chana Bebczuk Wachs were relocated to a labor camp. Chana worked digging ditches in the nearby forest. In 1943, the Gestapo came to the camp with orders to transport 5000 people, including Zelda and Chana, to a different camp. Everyone was loaded into wagons and taken toward the woods where t...

  13. Very gutsy, dear Friend Leo Haas postwar cartoon of a wealthy man redirecting a man drawing Nazi graffitti

    1. Leo Haas collection

    Postwar illustration created by Leo Haas of a businessman talking to a man drawing a swastika on a building in Berlin. It was captioned: "Very gutsy, dear friend, I agree with you completely--but why don't you paint on the building of our competitor." The 1978 drawing was published in Eulenspeigel, a satirical magazine in Berlin, East Germany, where Haas was the cartoon editor. Haas, 38, a Czech Jew and a professional artist, was arrested in 1939 in Ostrava in German occupied Czechoslovakia for being a Communist. He was deported to Nisko labor camp in Poland, then shipped back to Ostrava to...

  14. Bible and Talmud Treasure, A book for the Jewish family Bible and Talmud book returned to a family after being confiscated during the war

    1. Norman A. Miller family collection

    The Bibel-und Talmudschatz is one of five books from the personal collection of Sebald Müller that were confiscated by the Nazi regime and added to Julius Streicher's Library of Judaica in the 1930s. After the war, the books were placed in the collection of the Stadt-Bibliothek Nuremberg [Nuremberg City Library], which returned them to Sebald’s son, Norman Miller (previously Norbert Müller) in 2011. The book is inscribed by Sebald to his mother, Bertha, on the occasion of her husband, and his father, Nathan’s death. On November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht in Nuremberg, Germany, the apartm...

  15. RSHA

    1. Staatliche und parteiamtliche Akten bis 1945
    2. Deutsches Reich (bis 1945)
    3. Polizei und SS
    4. Reichssicherheitshauptamt

    I. RSHA/ IV E 5: Sammlung von Anordnungen und Verfügungen, 03. Januar-10. Juli 1941, Erlasse RSHA/ Iv u.a. Dienststellen, (EAP 173-b-16-12/108), 5234-5657: 1) Runderlass CdS/ IV vom 14. Januar 1941: Sofortige Vernehmung aller Schutzhäftlinge zur Vermeidung einer Festsetzung Unschuldiger, 5254; 2) Stabsbefehl SS-Hauptamt (SSHA) vom 21. Januar 1941: Gliederung des SSHA in Ämter und Hauptabteilungen, 5257; 3) Runderlass RSHA vom 21. Januar 1941 mit Begleitschreiben CdS: Einziehung staatsfeindlichen Vermögens, 5259-5263; 4) Runderlass CdS/ I vom 23. Januar 1941: Errichtung Umwandererzentralstab...

  16. British Army paratrooper's jacket worn in combat by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    British Airborne paratrooper's Denison jacket with a camouflage pattern worn by 22 year old Manfred Gans, a Jewish refugee from Germany, while serving as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The Denison smock was designed with an adjustable tail flap, and worn over standard battle dress to keep gear secured when a paratrooper deployed his parachute. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany and implemented anti-Jewish laws. In July 1938, Manfred went to England. On September 3, 1939, Great Britain declared war against Germany, and Manfred wa...

  17. From Holocaust to Rebirth commemorative bronze medal acquired by a Polish Jewish survivor of several concentration camps

    1. Herbert and Ursula Cohn Lichtenstein family collection

    From Holocaust to Rebirth bronze medal acquired by Herbert Lichtenstein, while at the first meeting of the World Gathering of Jewish Holocaust Survivors held in June 1981 in Jerusalem. The medal was issued that year to commemorate the convention and as a symbol of the historic connection between the Holocaust and the rebirth of the Jewish State, represented in the design by a blank Star of David rising above a Star of David etched Jude sunk behind prison bars. In January 1939, 22 year old Herbert was arrested in Oberwesel, Germany, and sent to a forced labor camp. In August 1941, he was tra...

  18. Prayer book

    1. George Pick family collection

    Imakonyv, a prayer book for women, with a clasp and a slipcase, used by Gyorgy Pick's maternal great aunt, Gizella, during the war when she lived in a Swedish protected house in Budapest, Hungary. Ten year old Gyorgy and his parents lived in hiding in Budapest, Hungary, from November 1944-January 1945. Hungary was an ally of Nazi Germany and adopted similar anti-Jewish laws in the 1930s. Istvan, an engineer, lost his job in May 1939 because he was Jewish. He was conscripted into Hungarian labor battalions in 1940, 1943, and 1944. After German setbacks in the war against the Soviet Union in ...

  19. Wedding dress shipped to the United States by a German Jewish woman murdered at Riga

    1. Lubran family collection

    Cream silk wedding dress, worn by Alice Lubranitsky Plocki, a German Jewish woman, and shipped to the United States prior to her deportation and murder at the Riga ghetto in 1941. Alice married Robert Plocki in the early 1930s. The couple lived in Berlin where Robert manufactured women’s dresses. Robert’s brother, who lived in New York, sent an affidavit for the couple to immigrate to the United States. Thinking she would soon be able to immigrate, Alice had her dress shipped ahead. However, in the aftermath of Kristallnacht, Robert was arrested, imprisoned in Sachsenhausen, given prisoner ...

  20. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...