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Displaying items 2,101 to 2,120 of 6,679
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Holding Institution: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

  1. Red yarn tassels for a Boy Scout uniform worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Two Boy Scout tassels worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They wer...

  2. Boy Scout red leather woggle worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout slide fastener for a neckerchief used by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport...

  3. Green canvas belt for a Boy Scout uniform used by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout belt worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not a...

  4. Hamburg-Amerika Line orange and white luggage tag used by a Jewish family on the MS St. Louis

    1. Evelyn Klein Altman family collection

    Orange and white luggage tag used by 8 year old Evelyn Klein, her mother, Maria Hermanda, and her stepfather, Nicolaus (Miklos) during their voyage aboard the Ms St. Louis to Havana, Cuba, on May 13-27, 1939. By 1939, many Jews were seeking to escape areas of Europe that were controlled by Nazi Germany. In 1939, the Klein family, residents of Hungary, acquired landing permits for Cuba and entry visas for the United States and sailed on the luxury liner from Hamburg to Havana. The majority of the 937 passengers were Jews fleeing Nazi Germany. When the ship arrived on May 27, the Cuban govern...

  5. Reinhold and Singer families papers

    The Reinhold and Singer families papers are comprised of biographical materials, a cookbook, correspondence, photographs, and printed materials documenting Feodora Reinhold Singer’s family in Germany, her departure via Kindertransport to England, Robert Singer’s family in Austria, his stay in the Merksplas internment camp in Belgium, and their immigration to the United States. Biographical materials include World War I era military records, education and employment records, marriage certificates, passports, identification cards, naturalization papers, and Feodora Singer’s personal narrative...

  6. John Henry Weidner papers

    Correspondence, speeches and writings, government documents, printed matter, audiovisual material and memorabilia, relating to an escape route through the Netherlands and France from Nazi-occupied Europe, for political refugees, Jews, and Allied servicemen, which was under the leadership of John Henry (Johan Hendrik) Weidner (1912-1994). The collection consists of microfilm copies of the originals, which are owned by the Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Stanford University.

  7. Button from his military uniform given by a British soldier to a young Jewish refugee

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Button with the Royal Coat of Arms which a British soldier pulled off his greatcoat and gave to 12 year old old Joseph Schadur on May 16, 1940, in Le Parcq, France. Joseph and his family had just fled Belgium following the Germany invasion.They stopped to consider their route in Le Parcq where they met a large number of British troops. When Joseph's father told one soldier that he was thinking of going toward Dunkirk on the coast, the soldier advised him to go south. He gave him gasoline saying that he did not need it since they were heading across the Channel. Joseph's father, Michel, left...

  8. Button from his military uniform given by a British soldier to a young Jewish refugee

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Button with the Royal Coat of Arms which a British soldier pulled off his greatcoat and gave to 12 year old old Joseph Schadur on May 16, 1940, in Le Parcq, France. Joseph and his family had just fled Belgium following the Germany invasion.They stopped to consider their route in Le Parcq where they met a large number of British troops. When Joseph's father told one soldier that he was thinking of going toward Dunkirk on the coast, the soldier advised him to go south. He gave him gasoline saying that he did not need it since they were heading across the Channel. Joseph's father, Michel, left...

  9. Maccabi Sports Club lapel pin from prewar Berlin owned by a Jewish refugee boy

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Lapel pin from a children's Maccabi sports club given to 7 year old Joseph Schadur when he lived in Berlin, Germany, with his family in the 1930s. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and his 4 year old sister, Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveling by private car, they eventually made their way to Lisbon, Portugal. They ...

  10. Wing shaped Portuguese Air Force pin given to a young Jewish refugee by friends in Lisbon

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Airman's lapel pin given to 13 year old Joseph Schadur by friends in Portugal during his family's flight from Nazi dominated Europe. It was given to him by two brothers, Sebastio and Jose Alameida, who came to the family's aid when they were stranded in Alcobaca during Christmas 1940. The men were air force officers and Joseph believed it was a Portuguese Air Force pin, but it may be an advertisement for an inn frequented by airmen. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their ...

  11. Antiaircraft shell fragments found after an air raid on Bordeaux by a young Jewish refugee

    1. Michel Shadur family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517554
    • English
    • a: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)

    Shell fragments recovered by 12 year old Joseph Schadur in their yard in Bruges, France, during his family's flight from Nazi-dominated Europe. Joseph scratched the date on the fragment himself. The Germans stationed several anti-aircraft batteries in Bruges, a small village near Bordeaux, which was a frequent RAF bombing target because of the port installations.The shells were fired from German guns at British bomber planes over Bordeaux on November 23, 1940. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live th...

  12. Button from a World War I British military uniform found by a young Jewish refugee in Belgium

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Button with the Royal Coat of Arms found by 10 year old old Joseph Schadur in the sand dunes near Oostduinkerke, Belgium, where he and his sister spent summer vacations. The button is from the uniform of a British soldier from the First World War. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and his 4 year old sister, Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced t...

  13. Button from a World War I British military uniform found in the sand by a young Jewish refugee in Belgium

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Button with the Royal Coat of Arms found by 10 year old old Joseph Schadur in the sand dunes near Oostduinkerke, Belgium, where he and his sister spent summer vacations. The button is from the uniform of a British soldier from the First World War. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and his 4 year old sister, Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced t...

  14. Dip-pen wiper made for a young Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Pen cleaning pad made for 11 year old Joseph Schadur by Madame Thorel, the matron of Home Diliges, a vacation boarding house for children in Oostduinkerke, Belgium, where he and his sister stayed during the summer of 1938. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and his 4 year old sister, Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveli...

  15. Dark brown leather wallet with metal S used by a Jewish refugee boy

    1. Michel Shadur family collection

    Wallet received by 8 year old Joseph Schadur when he lived in Belgium with his family after escaping Nazi Germany in 1936. Joseph's father, Michel, left Germany in 1935 because the Nazi government's anti-Jewish policies were making it dangerous to live there. His wife, Manja, their 2 children, Joseph and 4 year old Benita, and his mother joined him in Antwerp, Belgium, in January 1936. After the Germans occupied Belgium in May 1940, the family was forced to flee once more. Traveling by private car, they eventually made their way to Lisbon, Portugal. They sailed for New York on board the SS ...

  16. Blue and silver HIAS badge acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Paul Hendel collection

    HIAS pin acquired by Pinchas Hendel when he left for the US after the war with the aid of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. On September 14, 1939, German troops occupied Hrubieszow, Poland, where Pinchas lived, along with his parents Aron and Rachel, his brother Izak, and his sister Keile Taube, with her husband and children. The Germans handed it over to Soviet forces on September 17 to comply with the German-Soviet Pact in which they divided Poland. The Germans reoccupied Hrubieszow on October 3 when the partition line was changed to the Bug River. As the Soviets retreated, many residents...

  17. Small suitcase with a metal handle used by a Jewish Austrian physician

    1. Salzmann family collection

    Stollwerck suitcase used by Berthold Salzmann as he emigrated from Vienna, Austria to England and then to the United States. Berthold and his sister Ernesta were medical students at the University of Vienna throughout the 1930s. On March 13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria and created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Consequently, Berthold graduated but was unable to practice medicine and Ernesta was unable to graduate. Berthold was selected for a refugee program organized by the Central British Fund for German Jewry, and immigrated to England early in 1939. He was held at the Kitc...

  18. The Torah and the language: The second book of Moses Book of Exodus primer owned by a Jewish Austrian physician

    1. Salzmann family collection

    Religious primer book owned by the Salzmann family in Vienna, Austria before 1939. The book contains the story of Moses with commentary by Rashi, a medieval Jewish religious commentator. Berthold and Ernesta Salzmann were brother and sister who were studying to become physicians at the Medical School of the University of Vienna. On March 13, 1938 Germany annexed Austria and created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Consequently, Ernesta was unable to graduate and Berthold graduated but was unable to practice medicine. In June of 1939, Ernesta immigrated to England where she worke...

  19. Child's white rabbit fur hand muff received in a displaced persons camp

    1. Ephraim Robinson family collection

    White rabbit fur hand muff worn by Alice Robinson, age 2, in the Zeilsheim displaced persons camp in Germany, where she lived from 1945-1948.Alice's parents, Ephraim and Sarah had left Poland soon after September 1939, when it is occupied by Nazi Germany. They fled east to Russian controlled territory where the Soviet Union demanded that Jewish refugees keep moving further east. They had a daughter, Fay, in 1941, in Odessa, and Alice was born in 1944 in Romanovka. When the war ended in May 1945, they returned from Uzbekistan to Bessarabia, where they crossed the border to Poland. In October...

  20. Child's white rabbit fur bonnet received in a displaced persons camp

    1. Ephraim Robinson family collection

    White rabbit fur bonnet worn by two year old Alice Robinson, in the Zeilsheim displaced persons camp in Germany, where she lived from 1945-1948. Alice's parents, Ephraim and Sarah had left Poland soon after September 1939, when it is occupied by Nazi Germany. They fled east to Russian controlled territory where the Soviet Union demanded that Jewish refugees keep moving further east. They had a daughter, Fay, in 1941, in Odessa, and Alice was born in 1944 in Romanovka. When the war ended in May 1945, they returned from Uzbekistan to Bessarabia, where they crossed the border to Poland. In Oct...