Robert L. White collection

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Displaying items 1 to 17 of 17

Robert L. White papers
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516730
- English
- folders 2
- Updated 7 months ago
The papers contain documents and copy prints of photographs relating to the Holocaust. These items were acquired by Robert L. White over an extended period of time.
Railroad spike from Treblinka concentration camp
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516731
- English
- overall: Height: 6.750 inches (17.145 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Rail screw spike used for the railways at Treblinka concentration and extermination camp in Poland. Rail screws secure timber railway ties for railroad tracks. Treblinka was located about fifty miles north of Warsaw on the main Warsaw-Bialystok railroad line. A forced labor camp was established there in November 1941 by the SS and the German police authorities of the Generalgouvernement in German controlled Poland. In July 1942, Treblinka II, a killing center, was built near the village of Wolka Okraglik along the Malkinia-Siedlce railway line. The Germans built a rail spur to connect the t...
Pair of handmade wooden soled suede boots from Mauthausen concentration camp
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516734
- English
- a: Height: 10.750 inches (27.305 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Depth: 6.750 inches (17.145 cm) b: Height: 10.625 inches (26.988 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Depth: 6.750 inches (17.145 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Pair of handmade leather ankle boots with wooden soles made at Mauthausen concentration camp. Soon after Nazi Germany incorporated Austria in March 1938, SS Chief Himmler chose a site for a camp to incarcerate Austrian traitors near the town of Mauthausen. The first prisoners were sent there in August. Until the war's end on May 7, 1945, Mauthausen inmates chiefly consisted of convicted criminals, "asocials," such as Roma and Sinti, political opponents, including anti-Franco Spanish Republicans, and religious conscientious objectors, such as Jehovah's Witnesses. The camp had a killing cente...
Commemorative ashtray used during the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516735
- English
- 1945
- overall: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Depth: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Souvenir ashtray printed with International Military Tribunal available during the war crimes trials held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945-46. After the end of the war and the defeat of Nazi Germany on May 7, 1945, Allied occupation authorities convened an International Military Tribunal to seek justice for crimes against humanity, evidenced by the Holocaust, perpetrated by Nazi Germany. The best known trial of major German officials began in October 1945, when the IMT formally indicted the Nuremberg defendants on four counts: crimes against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and con...
Efka Pyramiden cigarette papers in a green packaging sleeve made in Nazi Germany
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516736
- English
- overall: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Unused package of fifty Efka cigarette rolling papers manufactured in Nazi Germany. These packets may have been supplied for observers during the war crimes trials held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945-46. This brand was very popular in the 1930-1940s and was distributed to German troops. The package has a green graphic design featuring camels and pyramids. Around March 1943, the British psychological warfare unit used Efka Pyramiden packets to distribute propaganda that encouraged German soldiers to malinger, feign illness, or avoid reporting for duty. They reproduced the package sleeve and,...
Efka Pyramiden cigarette papers in a colorful packet with camels and pyramids made in Nazi Germany
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516737
- English
- overall: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Unused package of fifty Efka cigarette rolling papers manufactured in Nazi Germany. This brand was very popular in the 1930-1940s and was distributed to German troops. The package has a graphic design featuring red camels in front of a red sphinx and and pyramids against white sand and a yellow sky. Around March 1943, the British psychological warfare unit used Efka Pyramiden packets to distribute propaganda that encouraged German soldiers to malinger, feign illness, or avoid reporting for duty. They reproduced the package sleeve and, in place of cigarette papers, inserted ten thin papers w...
Small two pronged bale hook with swastikas drawn on the wooden handle
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516738
- English
- overall: Height: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Depth: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Small forked bale hook with hand drawn swastikas that may be been used in Europe during the Holocaust. This short type of hook generally would be used to move bags and bundles in warehouses.
Handcrafted wooden double dished set etched Dachau KZ
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516739
- English
- overall: Height: 2.275 inches (5.779 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Depth: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Handcrafted wooden set with two shallow bowls attached to a circular handle etched Dachau KZ to commemorate Dachau concentration camp. Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi government in 1933, originally for political prisoners. Over time, other groups were interned at Dachau, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Roma, homosexuals, repeat criminal offenders, and Jews. The SS used it as the training center for SS concentration camp guards. It was divided into two parts: the concentration camp and the crematorium for the disposal of the bodies of inmates who died at the camp...
Hairbrush with a metal swastika
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516740
- English
- overall: Height: 6.125 inches (15.558 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Floreloid brand natural bristle hairbrush with a small metal swastika nailed to the wooden handle. This style was marketed as a military hair brush with a sterling silver decorative crest mounted on the handle. The product was popular in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. This brush may have belonged to Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Chief of the Security Police known as the Gestapo in Nazi Germany. He was the most senior member of the SS captured alive after the defeat of Germany in May 1945. He was directly involved with the implementation of the Final Solution and operation of...
Small rock with a painted portrait of a dark haired woman killed in a concentration camp
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516741
- English
- overall: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Small oval rock with a painted portrait of a woman in an orange dress created by Miss Relis, possibly a Holocaust survivor, to remember friends who had been killed in the concentration camps established by Germany during the Holocaust.
Stone with a painted portrait of a young girl with short hair who was killed in a concentration camp
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516742
- English
- overall: Height: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Small oval rock with a painted portrait of a short haired girl created by Miss Relis, possibly a Holocaust survivor, to remember friends who had been killed in the concentration camps established by Germany during the Holocaust.
International Military Tribunal Stork Club white porcelain mug
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516743
- English
- overall: Height: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm) | Width: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) | Depth: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
White porcelain stein marked International Military Tribunal presumably available during the war crimes trials held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 1945-46. The Stork Club was the club for enlisted military personnel serving at the trials. After the end of the war and the defeat of Nazi Germany on May 7, 1945, Allied occupation authorities convened an International Military Tribunal to seek justice for crimes against humanity, evidenced by the Holocaust, perpetrated by Nazi Germany. The best known trial of major German officials began in October 1945, when the IMT formally indicted the Nuremberg ...
Light brown bar of curd soap produced Nazi Germany
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516744
- English
- overall: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Depth: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Light brown soap bar produced by the Chr. Durr Company of Bamberg, Germany, during the Nazi era, 1933-1945.
Commemorative ribbon for the 50th anniversary of Dachau concentration camp
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516745
- English
- 1945-1995
- overall: Height: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Width: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Blue and white striped embroidered ribbon, reminiscent of a concentration camp uniform issued in 1995 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the liberation of Dachau concentration camp by American troops on April 29, 1945. Dachau was the first concentration camp established by the Nazi government in 1933, originally for political prisoners. Over time, other groups were interned at Dachau, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Roma, homosexuals, repeat criminal offenders, and Jews. The SS used it as the training center for SS concentration camp guards and it had an active medical experiment program. ...
Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516746
- English
- overall: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 4.875 inches (12.383 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, issued in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp in 1943. All currency was confiscated from deportees upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. The currency was designed by inmate Peter Kien and printed by the National Bank of Prague. Inmates received the scrip according to a 5-tiered distribution system or payment schedule for conscript labor arranged by the Jewish Council of Elders who administered the daily life of the ghetto for the Germans. It is unclear what, if anything, could be purchased with the ...
Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto scrip, 1 mark note
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516747
- English
- overall: Height: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) | Width: 6.375 inches (16.192 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
1 [eine] mark receipt issued in the Łódź ghetto in Poland beginning in May 1940 until the ghetto was liquidated in summer 1944. Nazi Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, and occupied Łódź one week later. Łódź was renamed Litzmannstadt and, by February 1940, the Germans forcibly relocated the large Jewish population of 160,000 into a small, sealed ghetto. All residents had to work and many were forced laborers in ghetto factories. Residents were forbidden to have German currency, and the Jewish Council was ordered to create a system of Quittungen [receipts] that could be used only in...
Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto scrip, 20 mark note
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- irn516748
- English
- overall: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm)
- Updated 7 months ago
20 [zwanzig] mark receipt issued in the Łódź ghetto in Poland beginning in May 1940 until the ghetto was liquidated in summer 1944. Nazi Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, and occupied Łódź one week later. Łódź was renamed Litzmannstadt and, by February 1940, the Germans forcibly relocated the large Jewish population of 160,000 into a small, sealed ghetto. All residents had to work and many were forced laborers in ghetto factories. Residents were forbidden to have German currency, and the Jewish Council was ordered to create a system of Quittungen [receipts] that could be used onl...