Joel Forman collection

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524836
• English
• overall: Height: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm) | Width: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inm...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524837
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.625 inches (14.287 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inma...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524838
• English
• overall: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inma...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524840
• English
• overall: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inma...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524841
• English
• overall: Height: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Width: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inmat...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524842
• English
• overall: Height: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Width: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inmat...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524843
• English
• overall: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. The scrip was printed by the National Bank in Prague in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The notes are dated 1 January 1943, but were not distributed until May 1943. Peter Kien, a Czechoslovakian poet, artist, and inmate...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524844
• English
• overall: Height: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Width: 4.875 inches (12.383 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Voucher, valued at 100 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939, for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labo...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524845
• English
• overall: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Voucher, valued at 50 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939, for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524846
• English
• overall: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Voucher, valued at 25 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939, for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524847
• English
• overall: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 4.125 inches (10.477 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Voucher, valued at 10 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939, for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524848
• English
• overall: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip (also called chits) valued at 0.01 Reichsmark, distributed to slave laborers in Mittelbau (Central Construction) concentration camp. Mittelbau (also called Dora-Mittelbau and Nordhausen), located near the town of Nordhausen, was originally established on August 28, 1943, as a subcamp of Buchenwald, with the codename, Dora. In response to increased Allied bombing, prisoners were forced to dig huge tunnels in the mountains, safe from aerial destruction. Inside the completed tunnels, the prisoners then constructed factories and storage areas for rocket production. Once completed, assembl...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524849
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 50 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, inclu...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524850
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 20 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, inclu...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524851
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 10 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, inclu...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524852
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 5 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, includ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524853
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 2 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, includ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524854
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 1 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, includ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524855
• English
• overall: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 0.50 Lire, distributed in Cremona concentration camp in Cremona, Italy. Under German pressure, Italian fascists passed antisemitic legislation in 1938, and later established domestic concentration camps for military and civilian internees. However, the Italian authorities resisted participating in the mass murder and did not permit deportations of Jews from Italy. Although the camps were called Campi Di Concetramento (Concentration Camps) the conditions and treatment of their internees were equivalent to prisoner of war (POW) camps for military and civilians. Prisoners, inc...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
• irn524856
• English
• overall: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm)
• Updated 7 months ago

Scrip, valued at 20 marks, distributed in Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto. The Jewish Council was ordered to create a system of Quittungen (receipts) that could be used as currency only in the ghetto. Valuables and currency were forcibly exchanged for the scrip and it was used as modest payment for forced laborers, though it held no value outside the ghetto. Ignacy Gutman designed all the denominations of the paper scrip and they were printed by the Manitius Printing House. The coins were designed by Pinkus Szwarc and minted in the ghetto by inmates. The Łódź ghetto was the only German ghetto o...