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Displaying items 881 to 900 of 1,140
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  3. Photograph

    1. Lidia Kleinman Siciarz collection

    Photographic image; black and white image of Ewa and Misza Szwarcman, donor’s maternal uncles and Misza Munwer, Lolek’s Szwarcman’s brother-in-law; all three survived the war in Spain; dated: 1938; location: Toulouse, France

  4. Military blouse, trousers, and General Service Cap worn by a Dutch Jewish corporal in the Prinses Irene Brigade

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn90157
    • English
    • a: Height: 21.000 inches (53.34 cm) | Width: 15.125 inches (38.418 cm) b: Height: 27.875 inches (70.803 cm) | Width: 14.500 inches (36.83 cm) c: Height: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Width: 10.500 inches (26.67 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)

    Military blouse, pants, and General Service Cap worn by Jack Grootkerk, 29, who served in the Dutch Free Forces, Prinses Irene Brigade from September 1942 to September 1945. The Brigade was formed in England in 1941 by the Dutch government in exile and Dutch Army personnel who had escaped German occupied Europe. The unit wore British battledress uniforms with Dutch insignia. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. In December 1941, Jack was told to report for forced labor in Germany. He and his brother Erich fled to France and Spain, and were interned several times. In fall 1942, ...

  6. Pametni Medaile Ceskoslovenska Armada V Zahranici (Czechoslovak Army Abroad) awarded to a Czech Jewish soldier

    1. Frank Meissner collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn44079
    • English
    • 1939-1945
    • a: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm)

    Commemorative medal for the Czechoslovak Army Abroad 1939-1945 with ribbon and pin awarded to Franz Meissner for his service from 1944-1945 with the Czech Air Force for the government in exile based in Great Britain. The medal was awarded to those Czechoslovaks who were outside their country at the time of the German invasion, or subsequently escaped abroad, and joined Allied forces or all-Czechoslovak units. Franz arrived in England in September 1944. He was told that if he wanted refuge and a Czech passport, he had to volunteer for the Czech government in exile army. He served in the Roya...

  7. Richard Grune lithograph of a chained concentration camp prisoner suspended on a pole

    1. Richard Grune collection

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  8. Richard Grune lithograph with an image of a child looking at a hanging victim

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50608
    • English
    • overall: Height: 17.000 inches (43.18 cm) | Width: 23.750 inches (60.325 cm) pictorial area: Height: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Width: 12.625 inches (32.068 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  9. Richard Grune lithograph of a torture scene witnessed in a concentration camp

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50607
    • English
    • overall: Height: 24.000 inches (60.96 cm) | Width: 16.000 inches (40.64 cm) pictorial area: Height: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm) | Width: 11.875 inches (30.163 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those supected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which punis...

  10. Richard Grune lithograph of a concentration camp guard and a prisoner with a noose in the background

    1. Richard Grune collection

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  11. Richard Grune lithograph of concentration camp prisoners in a barracks

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50605
    • English
    • overall: Height: 16.125 inches (40.958 cm) | Width: 22.625 inches (57.468 cm) pictorial area: Height: 9.125 inches (23.178 cm) | Width: 10.875 inches (27.623 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  12. Prisoner in the Electric Fence Richard Grune lithograph of a concentration camp prisoner crouched near barbed wire

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50604
    • English
    • overall: Height: 22.750 inches (57.785 cm) | Width: 16.250 inches (41.275 cm) pictorial area: Height: 9.875 inches (25.083 cm) | Width: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  13. Richard Grune lithograph of concentration camp prisoners throwing dead bodies into a fire

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50602
    • English
    • overall: Height: 17.000 inches (43.18 cm) | Width: 24.000 inches (60.96 cm) pictorial area: Height: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) | Width: 11.250 inches (28.575 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  14. Richard Grune woodcut of a guard marching roped concentration camp prisoners

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50600
    • English
    • 1945
    • overall: Height: 17.000 inches (43.18 cm) | Width: 24.000 inches (60.96 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.750 inches (22.225 cm) | Width: 12.875 inches (32.703 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  15. Richard Grune lithograph of a group of concentration prisoners gathered around 2 dead comrades

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50599
    • English
    • overall: Height: 12.598 inches (31.999 cm) | Width: 18.898 inches (48.001 cm) pictorial area: Height: 9.250 inches (23.495 cm) | Width: 17.125 inches (43.498 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  16. Richard Grune lithograph of a concentration camp guard threatening a cowering prisoner

    1. Richard Grune collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn50598
    • English
    • overall: Height: 23.750 inches (60.325 cm) | Width: 17.000 inches (43.18 cm) pictorial area: Height: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) | Width: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm)

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  17. SS man forces a prisoner to work Richard Grune lithograph of a concentration camp guard beating a prisoner

    1. Richard Grune collection

    Lithograph created by Richard Grune soon after the war to publicize the barbaric conditions he experienced or witnessed as a prisoner in concentration camps and prisons in Germany from 1935-1945. Grune was a Bauhaus trained artist who moved to Berlin in February 1933. Hitler had been appointed Chancellor that January and was transforming the government to a Nazi-controlled dictatorship. Nazi ideology demanded racial and cultural purity and homosexuality was antithetical to this vision. Under the new government, those suspected of violating a pre-existing statute, Article 6, §175, which puni...

  18. Grootkerk family papers

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection

    The Grootkerk family papers consist of biographical materials, correspondence, personal narratives, photographs, and printed materials documenting Jacques and Hedi Grootkerk’s marriage in Amsterdam, Jacques’ flight to England via Spain and service in the Princess Irene Brigade, and Hedi’s flight to Switzerland via France. The bulk of the collection is comprised of love letters between Jacques and Hedi while they were separated during the war. Biographical materials include identification papers, ration books, military papers, and receipts documenting Jacques and Hedi Grootkerk’s refugee sta...

  19. Cross of Merit medal, ribbons, and pins awarded to a Dutch Jewish soldier, Prinses Irene Brigade

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47134
    • English
    • 1941-1945
    • a: Height: 2.875 inches (7.303 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) c: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) d: Height: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Width: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) e: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Depth: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)

    Kruis van Verdienste [Cross of Merit] medal, ribbon, and presentation box, two ribbon bars, and a gold bar pin awarded to Jack Grootkerk, a Dutch Jewish soldier in the Prinses Irene Brigade, Dutch Free Forces from September 1942 to September 1945. The Brigade was formed in England in 1941 by the Dutch government in exile and Dutch Army personnel. The unit wore British battledress uniforms with Dutch insignia. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. In December 1941, Jack was told to report for forced labor in Germany. He and his brother Erich fled to France and Spain, and were int...

  20. Dutch Commemorative War Cross awarded to a Dutch Jewish soldier, Prinses Irene Brigade

    1. Jack and Hedi Justus Grootkerk family collection

    Oorlogsherinneringskruis [Commemorative War Cross] medal awarded to Jack Grootkerk, a Dutch Jewish soldier in the Prinses Irene Brigade, Dutch Free Forces, from September 1942 to September 1945. The honorary medal was presented to all Brigade members who landed at Normandy in 1944. The Brigade was formed in England in 1941 by the Dutch government in exile and Dutch Army personnel. The unit wore British battledress uniforms with Dutch insignia. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. In December 1941, Jack was told to report for forced labor in Germany. He and his brother Erich fle...