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Displaying items 561 to 580 of 7,703
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  1. Silver dinner fork smuggled into France by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Ludwig Wertheim collection

    Silver fork smuggled by Ludwig Wertheim out of Nazi Germany and into France in the 1930s. When Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933, 24 year old Ludwig was in France on business for the family wine import firm. They were observant Jews and it was decided that Ludwig should remain in France. He made a few trips home to Wurzburg during which he retrieved many family valuables. He last saw his parents in April 1936. His German passport was revoked, but he was issued refugee papers by the French government. After the German invasion of France in May 1940, Ludwig joined the French Foreign...

  2. Pot used by a Jewish refugee family in a displaced persons camp

    1. Borenstein family collection

    Small metal pot with handle that was used by the Borenstein family while residing in Lampertheim DP Camp.

  3. Embossed aluminum flat top steamer trunk used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Eleanor and Ernest Fried collection

    Steamer trunk, part of a set with 2005.140.3, used by Ernest Fried when he emigrated to the United States from Germany in 1938. Ernest was running the family lumber business in Landau when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and Jews often were forced to give up their businesses. Ernest and his mother were preparing to leave Germany when Ernest was arrested on November 10, 1938, during Kristallnacht. He was on a transport to Dachau concentration camp when the Gestapo found a receipt for his emigrat...

  4. Upright embossed aluminum wardrobe trunk used by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Eleanor and Ernest Fried collection

    Standing trunk, part of a matched set (2005.140.4), used by Ernest Ludwig when he emigrated to the United States from Germany in 1938. Ernest was running the family lumber business in Landau when Hitler was appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933. Following the Reichstag Fire in late February, Germany became a police state and Jews often were forced to give up their businesses. Ernest and his mother were preparing to leave Germany when Ernest was arrested on November 10, 1938, during Kristallnacht. He was on a transport to Dachau concentration camp when the Gestapo found a receipt for his ...

  5. Sketchbook of drawings created postwar by a former Polish soldier, POW, and refugee

    Notebook of color sketches created by Benedykt Filipiak postwar about his experiences in Poland and Germany during the war and in Germany and the United States after the war. Benedykt, 15, was a Polish Catholic youth attending the Polish Officer Cadet College when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. He went into active service, was captured, and sent to Stalag XIB. He escaped and joined the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa.) as a resistance fighter. From August-October 1944, he fought in the Warsaw Uprising and was captured by the Germans during the failed battle to liberate Warsaw....

  6. Large, gold painted tin camelback trunk used by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Edith Simon Rosenthal collection

    Large, intricately designed camelback trunk used by 13 year old Edith Simon when she, her parents, Willy and Greta, and her sisters, Lotte and Gerda, emigrated from Leipzig, Germany, to the United States in 1937. The trunk was originally owned by Edith's grandmother, Hedwig Maerker, who was killed in Theresienstadt concentration camp during the Holocaust.

  7. Handthrown ceramic vase with relief design of birds used by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Edith Simon Rosenthal collection

    Vase brought in a steamer trunk by 13 year old Edith Simon when she, her parents, Willy and Greta, and her sisters, Lotte and Gerda, emigrated from Leipzig, Germany, to the United States in 1937. The vase was a family heirloom, orignally owned by Hedwig Maerker, Edith's grandmother, who was killed in Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1942.

  8. Floral and lion patterned needlepoint table covering saved by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Edith Simon Rosenthal collection

    Bed or table covering brought in a steamer trunk by 13 year old Edith Simon when she, her parents, Willy and Greta, and her sisters, Lotte and Gerda, emigrated from Leipzig, Germany, to the United States in 1937. The needlepoint covering was made in the early years of the 20th century by Hedwig Maerker, Edith's grandmother, who was killed in Theresienstadt concentration camp during the Holocaust.

  9. NSDAP pin owned by a deaf Jewish refugee who fled to Shanghai

    1. Hans Praschkauer collection

    Nazi Party membership pin (Parteiabzeichen) acquired by Hans (Heinz) Praschkauer, a Jewish child who lost his hearing at a young age. All members of the Nazi Party wore these pins. They were typically worn on the lapels of their civilian clothing and some uniforms. Heinz Praschkauer was attending the School for the Hard of Hearing in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), when Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Soon thereafter, anti-Jewish decrees were passed that restricted every aspect of Jewish life. Following the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogroms, Heinz...

  10. NSDAP pin owned by a deaf Jewish refugee who fled to Shanghai

    1. Hans Praschkauer collection

    Nazi Party membership pin (Parteiabzeichen) acquired by Hans (Heinz) Praschkauer, a Jewish child who lost his hearing at a young age. All members of the Nazi Party wore these pins. They were typically worn on the lapels of their civilian clothing and some uniforms. Heinz Praschkauer was attending the School for the Hard of Hearing in Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland), when Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in January 1933. Soon thereafter, anti-Jewish decrees were passed that restricted every aspect of Jewish life. Following the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogroms, Heinz...

  11. Leather billfold used by a German Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany to Canada

    1. Jacob G. Wiener collection

    Billfold owned by Josef Zwienicki at the time of his emigration from Germany in 1939. Josef, his wife, and four children lived in Bremen as the Nazis rose to power. It was a predominantly non-Jewish city and there was popular support for increasingly punitive restrictions enacted against the Jewish population. On Kristallnacht in November 9-10, 1938, his wife, Selma, was shot and killed in their home by rioters. Josef appealed for help from relatives abroad. A cousin in Canada arranged for Josef and his four children, Avraham, Gerd (Jacob), Benno, and Liesel, to come to Canada as refugees. ...

  12. Black flat top steamer trunk used by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Ida Weiss collection

    Trunk used by Ida Weiss during her journey from Austria to the United States in 1938. Ida was a Czech Jew who lived in Vienna with her daughter, Louisa. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Ida decided to leave the country for the United States. She sailed for New York City aboard a Norddeutscher Lloyd ship, the Columbus, which departed from Bremen, Germany, on September 15, 1938.

  13. Boy Scout badge with an embroidered red lion worn by an Austrian Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not ...

  14. Boy Scout badge with an embroidered red lion worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not ...

  15. Leather Boy Scout badge with a red dragon worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout badge worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany,anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not a...

  16. Rover Boy Scout set of green epaulets with fleur-de-lis worn by a Jewish refugee

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Green Rover Scout shoulder boards worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to Engla...

  17. Boy Scout ribbons in yellow, green, and red worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout ribbons worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were no...

  18. Red yarn tassels for a Boy Scout uniform worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Two Boy Scout tassels worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They wer...

  19. Boy Scout red leather woggle worn by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout slide fastener for a neckerchief used by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport...

  20. Green canvas belt for a Boy Scout uniform used by a Jewish refugee in Shanghai

    1. Les L. Salter collection

    Boy Scout belt worn by Ludwig Salzer when he was in the 13th (United) Boy Scouts Rover troop in Shanghai, China, during World War II. Ludwig was a Jewish refugee from Vienna, Austria. In 1938, after Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany, anti-Jewish laws were enacted to persecute Jews. Ludwig's father, Hugo, was arrested during the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom and sent to Dachau concentration camp. He was released in 1939 and he and his wife, Theresa, decided to send 18 year old Ludwig to Shanghai. His 13 year old sister, Ilse, was placed on a kindertransport to England. They were not a...