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Displaying items 3,381 to 3,400 of 3,414
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  1. Double-door railroad freight car with brakeman’s cabin of the type used to transport victims throughout the Nazi camp system

    1. Institute of National Remembrance collection

    Association type 2 (A2), Gedeckter (G, covered) freight wagon owned by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR, German National Railway), one of several types used to transport victims through the Nazi camp system and to killing centers during the Holocaust. The car, numbered 31599, is a 15T (rated to carry 15 tons), equipped with a brakeman’s box, making it a Karlsruhe class wagon. The cars continued to be used after World War II, and as parts on the cars degraded, they were replaced with others from a variety of manufacturers. A2 railcars were produced from 1910-1927, and were originally used to tran...

  2. FK monogrammed leather document case made by a Jewish Hungarian woman

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Leather document case with wallet pockets made by Anna Gondos in the early 1940’s when she had to support herself and her daughter Judit, age 7, while her husband Bela was away in the Hungarian forced labor service. She carried it when she was deported from Budapest to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and Judit in June 1944. The FK monogram suggests that the wallet was made for someone but was never purchased. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked in 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician...

  3. Peach chemise with floral embroidery saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Embroidered silk chemise custom made for Anna Havas for her 1934 wedding to Bela Gondos. She took it with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary, to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and their 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport ...

  4. Peach chemise with black and white floral appliques saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Silk chemise with embroidered floral appliques custom made for Anna Havas for her 1934 wedding to Bela Gondos. She took it with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary, to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and their 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authoriti...

  5. Peach floral printed chemise saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Floral printed silk slip custom made for Anna Havas Gondos and taken with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with her husband Bela and 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport all the Jews from Hungary t...

  6. Irene and Henry Frank papers

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    The Irene and Henry Frank papers include correspondence, biographical materials, photographs, and Theresienstadt and Deggendorf materials documenting Irene and Henry Frank from Berlin, their survival in concentration and labor camps during the Holocaust, and their immigration to the United States in 1946. Correspondence primarily consists of messages from Henry’s mother, Anna, in Theresienstadt that were delivered to Henry at the Wulkow labor camp when supplies were delivered from Theresienstadt to Wulkow. Additional messages from Theresienstadt to Henry at Wulkow come from his sister, Inge...

  7. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...

  8. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building,along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire u...

  9. Höß Rudolf

    • Höß, Rudolf, 1900-1947
    • Höess, Rudolf
    • Höss, Rudolf Franz Ferdinand.
    • Gëss, Rudol'f.
    • Höss.
    • ...

    25/11/1900

    16/04/1947

    Commander (Kommandant) of Auschwitz.

  10. Kramer Josef

    • Kramer, Josef, 1906-1945
    • Kramer, Joseph, 1906-1945
    • Kramer, Joseph 1906-1945
    • Kramer, Josef

    10/11/1906

    13/12/1945

    KZ-Kommandant and SS-Hauptsturmführer. Since 1934 in Dachau, 1937/1938 in Sachsenhausen, 1939 in Mauthausen, May 1940 in Auschwitz, April 1941 Schutzhaftlagerführer , Oct 1942 Kommandant in Natzweiler, since May 1944 Kommandant in Auschwitz-Birkenau, since 1 Dec 1944 in Bergen-Belsen. Sentenced to death in Belsen Trial, executed.

  11. Book Hazkára |Gyaszimak es elmelkedesek halottemlekezteto unnepekre, evfordulora es sirlatogatasok alkalmara

    1. George Pick family collection

    Memorial book, Emlékezések könyve, with an inscription of future Yahrzeit or anniversary dates from 1935 through 1982 for Samu Kornhauser, the maternal grandfather of Gyorgy Pick. The book was used by Malvina Kornhauser to press flowers (1999.282.3.1) from the July 1935 funeral of her husband Samu. She pressed the blossoms between pages 35 and 35. The book was preserved during the war by Malvina, her daughter Margit Pick, Margit's husband Istvan and son Gyorgy. Malvina, ten year old Gyorgy, and his parents lived in hiding in Budapest, Hungary, from November 1944-January 1945. Hungary was...

  12. NSDAP Main Archive

    The Hauptarchiv was set up primarily as a depository for source material on which historians of the future would draw to write the history of the party. Its emphasis, therefore, lay on the years between 1919 and 1933. Material going back as far as 1890 was collected, however, to encompass the political and ideological forerunners of National Socialism, and although the spotlight was on the party itself, considerable importance was attached to parallel nationalist “voelkisch” movements and political opponents – for example, the entire files of the Deutsche Demokratische Partei were taken ove...

  13. pièces 113 à 176 113 à 123 pièces de forme 124 déclarations faites par Bruneton à la presse les 25 décembre 1943 et 9 juin 1944 125 transcription de disques ayant enregistré des déclarations de Bruneton radiodiffusées en 1942

    1. Haute Cour de justice. Volume 3 Haute Cour de justice. Rép. num. détaillé dact., par M.-Th. Chabord, 11 vol., 2420 p. Volume 3 : 3w/106-3w/141
    2. Gaston BRUNETON Commissaire général à la Main d'oeuvre française en Allemagne à dater du 6 février 1943
    3. Gaston Bruneton. Dossier III

    pièces 113 à 176 113 à 123 pièces de forme 124 déclarations faites par Bruneton à la presse les 25 décembre 1943 et 9 juin 1944 125 transcription de disques ayant enregistré des déclarations de Bruneton radiodiffusées en 1942, 1943 et 1944 126 sous ce numéro est conservé un dossier comprenant 297 pièces provenant des archives du Commissariat Bruneton transférées du ministère des Pensions, classées en quatre sous-cotes allant de A à D : A Bruneton et la politique , pièces 1 à 132 politique générale, propagande vichyste 1° (de 1 à 26) 1 compte-rendu de M. Desmarest sur un déjeuner franco-alle...

  14. Damask pillow sham with a pink monogram and eyelet whitework recovered postwar by Hungarian Jewish sisters

    1. Theresa Gruenberger Mermelstein family collection

    Embroidered pillowcase owned by Terez Gruenberger, that was recovered by her sister Miriam after the war. It was made by their mother Roszi and has the initials AL. This and other family valuables were entrusted to a neighbor in Munkacs, Hungary (Mukecheve, Ukraine) before the family was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center. Terez lived with Roszi, Miriam, her maternal grandparents, Ludvik and Zeni Gruenberger, and her adopted brother, in Mukecheve when it was annexed by Hungary and renamed Munkacs. In March 1944, Germany occupied Hungary. In April, Terez and her family were moved ...

  15. Cutwork pillow sham with scalloped trim and embroidered Roszi recovered postwar by a Hungarian Jewish woman

    1. Theresa Gruenberger Mermelstein family collection

    Scallop edged pillow sham Embroidered pillowcase owned by Terez Gruenberger, that was recovered by her sister Miriam after the war. It was made by their mother Roszi and is embroidered Roszi. This and other family valuables were entrusted to a neighbor in Munkacs, Hungary (Mukecheve, Ukraine) before the family was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center. Terez lived with Roszi, Miriam, her maternal grandparents, Ludvik and Zeni Gruenberger, and her adopted brother, in Mukecheve when it was annexed by Hungary and renamed Munkacs. In March 1944, Germany occupied Hungary. In April, Terez...

  16. Concentration camp uniform cap worn by a Jewish German man

    Concentration camp uniform cap issued to Werner Sauer while interned in Stutthof concentration camp as a German marine deserter in early 1945. The cap is lined with cloth because German military deserters were treated better than Jewish prisoners. The hats Werner had been issued previously as a Jewish inmate were not lined. Werner saved the cap, and refused to ever have it cleaned, as evidence of his ordeal. On January 27, 1942, Werner and his parents, Leo and Auguste, were deported from Gelsenkirchen, Germany, to Riga, Latvia. Werner, a skilled bricklayer, was eventually transferred to Len...

  17. Pewter mustard pot owned by Otto Frank

    1. Ryan M. Cooper collection

    Pewter mustard pot owned by the Frank family. Otto Frank was one of three children born to Michael and Alice Frank in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He had three siblings, Robert, Herbert, and Helene. Michael had founded a family banking business, which his wife and sons took over after his death in 1909. Helene moved to Basel, Switzerland, with her husband in 1931, and Herbert immigrated to France in 1932. After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in January 1933, authorities quickly began suppressing the rights and personal freedoms of Jews, and boycotting their businesses. Shor...

  18. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 10 cent note, acquired by a former inmate

    Westerbork scrip issued in 1944 and acquired by Ruth Franken, who was imprisoned at the transit camp when she was 5 years old from 1942 to 1943. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939 for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as...

  19. Concentration camp uniform jacket issued to a Polish Christian inmate

    1. Julian Noga collection

    Blue and gray striped concentration camp uniform jacket worn by Julian Noga, a Polish Catholic prisoner of Flössenberg concentration camp from August 1942 - April 1945. It has a replica patch, with his prisoner number P1623, and an inverted red triangle, identifying him as a political prisoner. Julian, a Polish Catholic from Skrzynka, found a Polish Army rifle two months after Germany occupied Poland in September 1939. It was illegal to keep weapons, and Julian was reported. In December, he was sent to Austria as a forced laborer for the Greinegger farm near Michaelnbach. Julian, 18, and th...

  20. Czechoslovakian commemorative Theresienstadt Memorial postage stamp, 50h, acquired by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Postage stamp commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Terezin (Theresienstadt) Ghetto Memorial, acquired by Irene Silberstein Frank and Henry Frank, former inmates of Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. Originally called the National Suffering Memorial, it was established in 1947 by the newly reinstated Czechoslovakian government and was renovated in 1975. The stamp depicts the large, granite, 7-branched menorah in the Jewish cemetery outside the crematorium building, along with flames, the red flowers planted in the 1945 National Cemetery, and barbed wire ...