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Displaying items 341 to 360 of 5,170
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Language of Description: English

  1. Child's hairbrush and plaid handkerchief used by a young Jewish Polish refugee

    1. Edwin Goldberg collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn73614
    • English
    • a: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm)

    Child’s hairbrush and striped handkerchief used by Edwin (Edik) Goldberg while confined to bed with spinal tuberculosis in a labor camp in Siberia, from summer 1940 to August 1944 when he died at age 6. In 1939, Edik’s father, Emil, was called up by the Polish Army, leaving Edik and his mother, Elze, in Bielitz-Biala, Poland. Emil and Elze agreed to meet in Lvov (Lviv, Ukraine), if anything happened while he was gone. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. On September 17, the Soviet Union annexed eastern Poland, including Lvov. At the end of 1939, Elze and Edik made their way to Lvo...

  2. Blue and silver HIAS badge acquired by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Paul Hendel collection

    HIAS pin acquired by Pinchas Hendel when he left for the US after the war with the aid of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. On September 14, 1939, German troops occupied Hrubieszow, Poland, where Pinchas lived, along with his parents Aron and Rachel, his brother Izak, and his sister Keile Taube, with her husband and children. The Germans handed it over to Soviet forces on September 17 to comply with the German-Soviet Pact in which they divided Poland. The Germans reoccupied Hrubieszow on October 3 when the partition line was changed to the Bug River. As the Soviets retreated, many residents...

  3. Bronze Marshal Petain medal given to a Jewish girl living as a refugee in France

    1. Renee Kann Silver family collection

    Small, bronze Marshal Petain medal given to 11 year old Renee Kann, a German Jewish refugee from Saarbrucken, Germany, for being a good student at a school in Vichy France circa fall 1940 to June 1942. Renee’s family left Saarland after its 1935 reunification with Germany and settled in France. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded France, and 7 days later, Renee’s family was arrested by French authorities as enemy aliens. They were sent to Gurs internment camp in southwestern France. On August 14, the family was released and settled in Villeurbanne, Vichy France. In June 1942, Friedel sent Rene...

  4. Leather bi-fold wallet with two photographs glued inside owned by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Harry and Luba Marcus family collection

    Leather wallet, with two photos adhered inside, used by Erich Marcus. The photos are of Erich’s parents, Emil and Margarethe. Both parents were unable to escape Germany during the Holocaust and chose to end their own lives in 1940, rather than allow the Nazis to deport them to the killing centers in the East. Erich’s family owned a successful houseware factory in Prenzlau, Germany. Erich lived with his wife Phyllis and two children, Heinrich and Lilo. Erich’s parents, his sister, and her two children lived in Prenzlau as well. After Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, the Marcus fami...

  5. Set of 10 Rorschach plates with folded cardboard enclosure owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn616398
    • English
    • a: Height: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) b: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) c: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) d: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) e: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) f: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) g: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) h: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) i: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) j: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) k: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm)

    Rorschach ink blot test cards like those used by Dr. Leopold (Leo) Stoer to test patients in the United States following his emigration from Vienna, Austria, in September 1938. While studying for his dissertation in psychology, Leo learned how to use the cards to diagnose patients, which was still a new practice in the US. Leo lived in Vienna with his parents, Alfred and Karoline, and seven younger siblings: Juli, Grete, Hedi, Fritz, Erna, Trude, and Otto. In 1915, Alfred, a master decorator by trade, was selected to fight in World War I (1914-1918). Leo’s sister Hedi, died from whooping co...

  6. Initialed, cream-colored underskirt with a diamond pattern owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Monogrammed petticoat brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The underskirt was likely part of her mother Pauline’s (née Flesch) trousseau, created prior to her marriage to Arthur Schwarzbart in 1900. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, who ran their own lingerie manufacturing business, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, and sent Fritz, Ella, Herta, and...

  7. Short, white eyelet lace jacket owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Short, eyelet-lace jacket brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, Arthur and Pauline Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling children’s clothing. Pauline’s younger children, Fritz, Ella, Herta, and Hansi, were sent to a...

  8. Cream-colored textile with crocheted lace accents owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Long textile with crocheted accents brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, Arthur and Pauline Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling children’s clothing. Pauline’s younger children, Fritz, Ella, Herta, and Hansi, were...

  9. Card with 46 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn616387
    • English
    • a: Height: 7.625 inches (19.368 cm) | Width: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) c: Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) d: Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) e: Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

    Partial set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making child...

  10. Cream-colored underskirt with a diamond pattern owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Diamond-patterned petticoat brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The underskirt was created in the early 1900s by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, who ran their own lingerie manufacturing business. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, and sent Fritz, Ella, Herta, and Hansi to an orphanage. Hilda and Pauline ran a smal...

  11. Partial card with 16 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Partial set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making child...

  12. Lace-trimmed Handkerchief with a cutwork floral accent owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Lace-trimmed handkerchief brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, Arthur and Pauline Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling children’s clothing. Pauline’s younger children, Fritz, Ella, Herta, and Hansi, were sent to a...

  13. Card with 48 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  14. Card with 48 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  15. Card with 24 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  16. Austrian 10,000 Kronen banknote owned by a Viennese Jewish refugee family

    1. Appenzeller and Dukes families collection

    Kronen banknote owned by the Appenzeller family in Vienna, Austria before their emigration in 1939. The kronen was the official currency of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1892 until its dissolution in 1918. The banknotes were printed on the front in Hungarian and in German on the reverse, and the value was written out in eight additional languages. After the breakup of Austria-Hungary, the banknotes remained in circulation among the various countries, but were overstamped for use in individual countries. This kronen is printed in German on both sides and has an overstamp that indicates th...

  17. Metric wooden ruler owned by a young Austrian Jewish refugee girl

    1. Appenzeller and Dukes families collection

    Metric, wooden ruler used by Erna Appenzeller in her Montessori school in Vienna, Austria, while in fourth grade. Erna was a young girl living with her parents in Austria, when the country was annexed by Germany on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. The school that Erna attended was shut down, members of the Jewish community were arrested, and her father’s business was taken and Arayanized. In August 1939, Erna’s parents acquired visas and were able to go to Milan, Italy. On June 10, 1940, Italy entered World War II as a German al...

  18. Documentation of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in the Netherlands, 1947-1953

    Documentation of the International Refugee Organization (IRO) in the Netherlands, 1947-1953 Stichting Vijfhonderd joodse kinderen (Fund for 500 Jewish Children): 500 Jewish children, who were displaced persons, were brought to the Netherlands from the camps in Eastern Europe and given refuge in the De Biezen home in Barneveld; Included in the collection: Documents related to the Stichting Vijfhonderd Joodse kinderen fund, for the rescue of 500 Jewish children.

  19. Handbill declaring a day of mourning for the sinking of the refugee ship Strumah

    1. Jewish experience in Eastern Europe and Palestine documents and ephemera collection

    Handbill issued by an unidentified synagogue in Jerusalem announcing a called strike and day of mourning in response to the sinking of the refugee ship, Strumah, in the Black Sea in 1942. The Strumah (Struma) was an illegal immigrant ship that left Constanta, Romania, on December 12, 1941 with 767 Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi-dominated Europe. The ship was headed for Istanbul where the passengers hoped to get visas to enter Palestine. The old cargo barge was unsafe and overcrowded. The engine died when it reached Istanbul and it had to be towed into port. Palestine was ruled by the British ...

  20. Identification case used by a German Jewish boy while on a refugee transport

    Slim, rectangular leather identification card case received by Fritz (later Fred) Strauss while part of a refugee transport of children from Germany between 1939 and 1941. In response to the 1935 Nuremberg Laws and growing anti-Semitism in their small town, Fritz’s mother sent him, in 1936, to Frankfurt to attend school at a large Jewish orphanage. Within three years, anti-Semitism in Frankfurt had grown, and on March 8, 1939, Fritz was sent on a transport to Paris, France, with ten other children. Fritz and the other Orthodox children moved to new towns multiple times in the area around Pa...