United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 458) US Prosecutor Col. Robert G. Storey tells of the Gestapo's part in Germany's attack on Poland ("attack" on the Gleiwitz radio station) and how the Gestapo and SD murdered thousands of Jews in occupied countries. CU, chart indicating the number of Jews murdered in the Baltic States and parts of Russia and Poland. Side view of Tribunal as Chief Justice Geoffrey Lawrence announces adjournment of court. LS, Tribunal, spectators, and others standing up and leaving courtroom.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 474) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 2, 1946. LS, Chief Justice Sir Geoffrey Lawrence states that it would be better to hold Ernst Kaltenbrunner's case because of his absence. MLS, rear view, US prosecutor Robert G. Storey asking the Tribunal to proceed with the evidence as the case against the Gestapo and Kaltenbrunner are linked. Rear view, defense counsel for Kaltenbrunner speaking to the Tribunal on behalf of his client. Defense counsel says that he has been appointed for the defense of "criminal organizations" summarily, and as such has no immediate client to be r...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 483) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 9, 1946. Rear views, prosecution presents evidence of Alfred Rosenberg's "Neo-Pagan Myth of the Blood" to the court. The counsel also discusses the looting of art objects in Nazi-occupied countries, which was a part of Rosenberg's dealings. LS, prisoners' dock during attorney's address to the court.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 479) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 8, 1946. Rear views, Col. Wheeler of the US prosecution continues speaking about the persecution of religious groups, particularly "Bibelforscher," in Germany and occupied countries. Enumerates other victim groups incarcerated at Dachau, including Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, asocials. Rear view, US prosecutor addresses the Tribunal about the knowledge of the defendant's actions to instigate pogroms and set the pace of atrocities committed against the people of Germany and occupied countries, and concludes that they were willin...

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(Paris 476) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 4, 1946. Defense counselors for Baldur von Schirach, Franz von Papen, and Alfred Rosenberg question Walter Schellenberg, the Chief of Security Police and SD (in German). Schellenberg confirms that Kaltenbrunner was his immediate superior from January 1943 until the end of the war. Answering the question of the defense counsel, he says that he never talked to Kaltenbrunner about "the Jewish question" or important issues of Nazi doctrine, so he can only defer Kaltenbrunner's personal views on these from a few personal observations and...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 486) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 3, 1946. Col. Amen (US) introduces Otto Ohlendorf. Chief US Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson administers the oath to the witness. Ohlendorf explains to the court the positions held in the SS and SD by Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Miller, and Eichmann as he looks at the organization chart on the wall. Ohlendorf describes the command structures, etc. generally.

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(Paris 489) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 11, 1946. Lt. Bryson, US prosecutor, presents charges against Hjalmar Schacht. Prosecutor (from behind) reads an affidavit of someone defending Schacht. During the speech are shots of Joachim von Ribbentrop whispering to Rudolf Hess in prisoners' box and MSs of Hans Frick, Julius Streicher, Walther Funk, Hjalmar Schacht, Constantin von Neurath, and Hans Frank. He quotes from a document saying that Schacht warned both British and Americans about the Nazis, and disapproved with basically everything the Nazis were doing. Prosecutor quo...

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00:10:06 (Paris 502) Execution of Three German Civilians by Hanging, Bruchsal, Germany, January 12, 1946. SEQ: Death sentence is read; condemned man walks to scaffold, is executed by hanging and his body placed in a coffin. (Same sequence for each prisoner.) MS, two Russian officers who were observers, speaking to an American woman correspondent. Note: A Military Commission of the Seventh US Army found three German civilians guilty of killing two US Army men who were unarmed and prisoners of war. 00:15:14 (Paris 497) Execution of Nazi, Bruchsal, Germany, January 10, 1946. LS, gallows as hoo...

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(Munich 53) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, March 18, 1946. LS, people in courtroom rise as Tribunal enters, then seat themselves and trial begins. Rear views, Chief US Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson questions Hermann Goering who in part of his testimony affirms his fealty to Hitler and says that until almost the very last he thought German victory possible. Goering says that probably in the beginning none of the defendants were really against Hitler ("trying to obstruct him"), but he clarifies that one has to distinguish different time periods, they were talking about almost 25 years ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 531) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 28, 1946. LS, MCU, Hans Cappenlen, Norwegian, testifying in English about the Gestapo in his country. Cappenlen testifies about his arrest and interrogation methods. Unidentified witness testifies in German. LS, MS, Francisco Boix, under questioning from defense attorney Dr. Babel, testifies in French about the symbols the prisoners wore in the camp and his duties as a camp photographer. Boix is then questioned by General Rudenko.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Munich 47) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, March 13, 1946. LS, showing left side of prisoners' dock; all defendants listen attentively to testimony of Gen. Albert Kesselring. MS, Chief US Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson seated at a table taking notes. LSs, MLSs, Ludwig Babel, defense counselor, questions Gen. Kesselring. Kesselring first talks about the air attack on Coventry, the distribution of aims and the calculations of the likelihood of missing them. He says he was happy about the "choice" Coventry because it was actually a military target, and not some civilian one. He is then q...

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(Munich 47) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, March 13, 1946. MLS defense counselors sitting at tables in front of prisoners' dock as Chief US Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson interrogates Kesselring (Jackson's back is toward the camera). When Kesselring is asked if he advocated the invasion of England, he tries not to answer directly and is rebuked for that by the judge. Meanwhile, the camera shows Goering, who nods his head energetically as if answering for the hesitating Kesselring [interesting passage]. 01:16:15 Defendants in dock. Goering testifying on how he first heard of Hitler and...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Munich 47) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, March 13, 1946. Hermann Goering testifies that the Nazi Party came into power legally: 1) Because of the 30 elections held in the years between 1925-1932; and 2) If Germany had a type of government similar to the US and Great Britain, power would have been theirs immediately. LS, several American and British prosecutors seated at table during trial. Goering testifies that after Hitler came to power, he suggested to Goering the formation of a government along the same lines as that of the US. More generally, Goering talks about how he saw hi...

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(Munich 47) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, March 14, 1946. Hermann Goering continues talking about how he saw himself, and his role in the system. This is a very elaborate and long statement about his convictions, which began in Story 2947. 01:40:42 On concluding this part of the testimony, Goering rises and the rest of the court does the same. Goering under guard walks to the prisoners' dock and talks to Keitel and several others. Prisoners conversing and leaving the courtroom. (silent:) Goering leaving prisoners' dock and taking the stand. Defense counselor talking to Goering.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Munich 68) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, March 21-22, 1946. Courtroom scene before session begins. (Rebecca West? talking to man, left of screen) Gen. Rudenko, Chief Russian prosecutor, cross-examines Goering on the authenticity of certain documents. 01:47:46 Goering says clearly, and with disdain, in response to Rudenko's question: "Jawohl. Dafuer war er der Fuehrer." [Of course. That's why he was the Fuehrer.] 01:48:20 Very good character CU, reply by Goering - methodical, slow, clear, "Das war versheiden..." 01:50 He makes reference to Bodenschatz. Goering is asked if he subscr...

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Hangings. 10:07:34 (Paris 494) Trip of the Russian Correspondents to Germany, January 12, 1946. Russian correspondents accompanied by American officers walking around factory yards and interviewing foremen and workmen. Cars bearing the group enter gates at Bad Tolz. Party on tour of grounds and buildings. Group interviews a German woman at window of her home. MS, Russian taking notes. LS, group on grounds of Heidelberg University. Party entering Bucholz prison. Group watches military execution by hanging of a German accused of murdering unarmed American prisoners. MS, group getting into thr...

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(Paris 543) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, February 7, 1946. LSs, rear views, unidentified defense counselor at stand requesting documents offered for evidence by the British prosecutor. MCUs, prisoners' dock. MLSs, MSs, rear views, Col. Allan Griffith-Jones, British prosecutor, presenting case against Rudolf Hess.

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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10:20:02 (Paris 519) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, January 23, 1946. MCU, Martin Horne, the defense counselor for Ribbentrop, speaking for Hess's counselor. Major John Harcourt Barrington, British prosecutor, presenting case against von Papen. 10:24:27 (Paris 522) Sec of War Patterson Decorates Gen Patton's Grave, Luxembourg, January 24, 1946 (silent). CU, cross over grave with name "George S. Patton Jr." LS, grave decorated with flowers. CU, sign, "American Cemetery, Hamm, Luxembourg." LS, Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson places wreath on Gen. Patton's snow-covered grave. MS, ...

• United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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(Paris 535) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, February 2, 1946. MSs, continuation of Koos Vorrink, Senator of the Netherlands and President of the Socialist Party in 1940, giving testimony. Rear views, Dr. Gustav Steinbauer, the counselor for Seyss-Inquart, questions the witness. (All testimony is in German.)

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(Paris 541) War Crimes Trials, Nuremberg, Germany, February 4, 1946. Pan of courtroom; Chief Justice Sir Geoffrey Lawrence is heard saying, "Do any defense counselors wish to ask any questions?" MSs, MLSs, Professor Leo van der Essen, General Secretary of the Louvain University in Belgium, testifying. A defense attorney questions the professor. LS, Thomas J. Dodd of the US prosecution states that the prosecution does not wish to question the witness. MSs, Professor van der Essen being sworn in. Rear views, French prosecutor Faure questioning Van der Essen.