Authorities

• League of the Archangel Michael

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

One source of continued instability in Romania was Corneliu Zelea Codreanu’s pro-Nazi Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihail and its paramilitary wing, the Garda de Fier (Iron Guard). The Legionaires, as they were commonly known, operated much like the German Nazi Party’s Sturmabteilung in the 1920s and early 1930s. After the government banned it and other paramilitary groups in 1933, Codreanu transformed the league into a viable political party that garnered almost 16 percent of the popular vote in 1937 elections as part of the rightist coalition with Totul Pentru Tara (Everything for the Fatherlan...

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

• Fascist National Party
• PNF

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 8 years ago

Of the 42,500 Jews in Italy in 1940, about 85 percent would survive the Holocaust. In the early years after World War I, Italian Jews enjoyed the fruits of emancipation won in the latter part of the nineteenth century, and they played an active role in Italian political and professional life. Little changed after Benito Mussolini’s accession to power on 1922-10-30. There were some Jews in Mussolini’s Partito Nazionale Fascista, and some rose to positions of importance. In fact, according to Susan Zuccotti, the PNF was relatively free of anti-Semitism.

• Order Service
• Jewish Police

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 8 years ago

The Ordnungsdienst was established on the eve of the creation of the ghetto with a prewar inspector of State Police, Colonel Józef Szerynski, as its commander. The Ordnungsdienst was thus a police force within the ghetto. These Jews assisted the Nazis in rounding up other Jews for selections and deportations to death and concentration camps. Their activities caused great enmity among ghetto residents.

• NSDAP Directorate

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 5 years ago

The NSDAP-Reichsleitung in Munich strictly prohibited involvement by overseas Party cells in the domestic affairs of their host countries. Regulations were enacted that governed the conduct of the individual Party member abroad and specifically banned the public display of swastikas and the wearing of uniforms outside of closed meetings.

• Central Welfare Agency for German Jews
• ZWST

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1917/1939

The Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der Deutschen Juden was founded in 1917 to co-ordinate the diverse social institutions set up by the Jewish community and to care for Jewish veterans of the war or the widows and orphans they left behind. Under the Nazis the task of the Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der Deutschen Juden was to look after Jews leaving the country and to provide any social care or emergency support which might offer succor or assistance to Jews during that period. In 1939 it was closed down by the authorities and its staff were deported to the camps. After the war the ZWST was revived by ...

• SD Leitabschnitt Dresden

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Sicherheitsdienst was an intelligence and surveillance organization, established in 1931 under Reinhard Heydrich. Among its major tasks were monitoring real or imagined enemies of national socialism and reporting on the state of opinion among the German public. The SD was widely represented, for example with an office in Dresden.

• Freedom

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Dror is a youth organization which is associated with Poale Zion-Right.

• EK 1a

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1942

Einsatzkommando 1a was a newly formed, respectively unmanned Kommando of Einsatzgruppe A.

• Jewish Central Office in Romania

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 5 years ago

1942-02/1944-12

Centrala Evreilor, Jewish institution similar to a Judenrat, was set up in Romania in 1942-02 by Romanian leader Ion Antonescu, in response to German pressure. The Centrala replaced the Union of Jewish Communities, which had long represented the Jews of Romania. The Centrala, run by Nandor Ghingold, was forced to carry out all orders issued by the Romanian and German authorities regarding Jewish affairs. It was charged with carrying out two contradictory tasks: helping the German authorities organize the deportation of Jews to extermination camps in Poland; and serving the Romanian authorit...

• Jewish Fighting Organization
• JFO

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 7 years ago

Founded in 1942-07-28

Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa was set up in 1942. A more broad-based Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa was set up on 1942-10-15. The political leadership of ŻOB was the Żydowski Komitet Narodowy (Jewish National Committee), and the organization had about 500 members. Its units fought in the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto under the command of Mordechaj Anielewicz.

• IGCR

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 8 years ago

Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees was a rescue organization set up as a result of the Evian Conference to search for new areas of large-scale Jewish settlements, find ways of pressuring the German government to release Jews, and prompt Evian nations (thirty-two) to accept Jews. The IGCR’s lukewarm rescue efforts were ineffective and did not lower immigration barriers. Its very existence, a mere token, frustrated other rescue plans.

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1843/present

In 1843, Henry Jones and 11 other German-Jewish immigrants gathered in Sinsheimer's Café on New York's Lower East Side to confront what Isaac Rosenbourg, one of B'nai B'rith's founders, called "the deplorable condition of Jews in this, our newly adopted country." Thus, B'nai B'rith (children of the covenant) was born. B'nai B'rith involvement in international affairs dates to the 1870s when anti-Semitism reached new heights in Romania. Through the influence of B'nai B'rith, the U.S. government established a consulate there, and a former B'nai B'rith president, Benjamin Peixotto, was appoint...

• Reich Office for Genealogical Research
• Reichsstelle für Sippenforschung
• RfS

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 8 years ago

Founded in 1940

Originally called Reichstelle für Sippenforschung, after 1940 the Reichssippenamt. This agency was charged with the conducting investigations about being Jewish or of non-Jewish origin. It determined who was a Mischlinge and who was a pure Aryan. The Reichsstelle für Sippenforschung decided on descent in questionable cases and played a role in connection with the deportation of the Jews to extermination camps. The 'experts' in its employ produced certificates on descent relating to the racial classification of a person drawing on the supplementary forms, along with church records and docume...

• National Socialist Teachers League
• NSLB

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1927/1943

The Nationalsozialistische Lehrerbund was established as a wing of the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei in 1927. After 1933, the Nazi regime purged the public school system of teachers deemed to be Jews or to be 'politically unreliable'. Most educators, however, remained in their posts and joined the Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund. 97% of all public school teachers, some 300,000 persons, had joined the Lehrerbund by 1936. In fact, teachers joined the Nationalsozialistischer Lehrerbund in greater numbers than any other profession.

• Central Bureau of the Autonomous Orthodox Jewish Community of Hungary
• MOAHI

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1871

In 1871, 220 orthodox representatives from various communities voted to establish the Magyarországi Autonóm Orthodox Izraelita Hitfelekezet Köponti Irodája. MAOHI was guided by a national representative body of one hundred members - forty rabbis and sixty lay leaders.

• Personal Identification Card Centre
• PBC

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1942

Jews, resistance fighter, people who refused to report for forced labor were at great risk if they carried their own personal identification cards. Dozens of groups forged documents. The largest organization was the Persoonsbewijs Centrale, which was established in 1942. Members of the group were involved in the attack on the Amsterdam Register of Births, Deaths, and Marriages. This attack was an attempt to destroy the personal details index of the Jews in Amsterdam.

• General Army Office
• AHA

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Allgemeines Heeresamt was the secretariat of the Oberkommando des Heeres and various agencies of the Feldheer, including direct support for the commander of the Ersatzheer in Germany.

• IDO

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1940-06-20

The Institut für Deutsche Ostarbeit opened in German-occupied Kraków on 1940-06-20. The brainchild of Hans Frank, Governor General of the Generalgouvernement, the IDO was comprised of eleven sections: agriculture, art history, economics, forestry and woodworking, geology, history, landscaping and gardening, law, linguistics, prehistory, and Rassen- und Volkstumforschung (roughly “Racial and National Traditions Research” or IDO-SRV), whose three Referate (sections) also included one for Jewish studies. The Institute took over the offices in Kraków’s Jagiellonian University, much of whose pro...

• Social Aid Committee for Resistance Organizations
• COSOR

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Comité des Oeuvres Sociales de la Résistance, supported by the French ministry, developed activities exclusively for resistance victims.