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Displaying items 1,261 to 1,280 of 17,943
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  1. Главное управление государственной безопасности

    • The Main Directorate of State Security
    • Glavnoe Upravlenie Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti
    • ГУГБ
    • GUGB

    The Main Directorate of State Security was the name of the Soviet intelligence service, secret police from July 1934 to April 1943. It was run under the auspices of the Peoples Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD).

  2. Hermann Strauss

    • הרמן שטראוס

    Physician

  3. Народный комиссариат внутренних дел

    • The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs
    • Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del
    • НКВД
    • NKVD

    1917-1946

    The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was a law enforcement agency of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the All Union Communist Party. It was closely associated with the Soviet secret police, which at times was part of the agency, and is known for its political repression during the era of Joseph Stalin. The NKVD contained the regular, public police force of the USSR, including traffic police, firefighting, border guards and archives. It is best known for the activities of the Gulag. The NKVD conducted mass extrajudicial executions, ran the Gulag system o...

  4. Karl Brunner

    Head of the SD and SD police in Salzburg between 1939-1944. Head of SS and police in Bolzano between 1943 and 1945.

  5. Министерство государственной безопасности

    • The Ministry of State Security
    • Ministerstvo Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti
    • МГБ
    • MGB

    1946-1953

    The Ministry of State Security was the name of an intelligence agency from 1946 to 1953. The MGB essentially inherited the “secret police” function of the old NKVD, conducting espionage and counterespionage, as well as enacting a policy of supervision and surveillance to keep control and to prevent disloyalty. After the war, the MGB was used to bring the newly acquired Eastern Bloc under Soviet control. It enforced rigid conformity in the satellite states of Eastern Europe and infiltrated and destroyed anticommunist, anti-Soviet, or independent groups.

  6. Hillel Zeitlin

    • הלל צייטלין

    A thinker, journalist, essayist.

  7. Valtiollinen poliisi

    • Finnish State Police
    • Valpo
    • Etsivä keskuspoliisi

    In 1919 Etsivä keskuspoliisi (Detective Central Police) was established. In 1937 it was transformed into Valtiollinen poliisi, or Valpo (the Finnish State Police). The main task of the State Police was to control public order, to prevent political subversion, and to monitor foreigners in Finland. The police’s action was directed mainly against the political left, the underground Communist Party, the trade unions and workers’ organizations. During the war time Valpo cooperated with the German security police. After the war, due to political changes, Valpo became left-wing oriented. For this ...

  8. Israel Taglicht

    • ישראל טגליכט

    Chief Rabbi of Wien

  9. Einsatzkommando der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD beim AOK Norwegen, Befehlsstelle Finnland

    • Einsatzkommando Finnland

    In 1941, as Finland joined the German assault on the Soviet Union, together with the Finnish Security Police, the RSHA set up a previously unknown special unit, the Einsatzkommando Finnland, entrusted with the destruction of the perceived ideological and racial enemies on the northernmost part of the German Eastern Front. Joint actions in northern Finland led also members of the Finnish State Police to become participants in mass murders of Communists and Jews. Post-war criminal investigations into war crimes cases involving former security police personnel were invariably stymied because o...

  10. Sigmund Freud

    • זיגמונט פרויד

    A Jewish-born Austrian neurologist who is known as the founder of psychoanalysis. He spent most of his childhood and adult life in Vienna. After the Nazi annexation of Austria he left for England. He died of cancer in London shortly after the outbreak of WWII.

  11. Suomalainen Waffen-SS-vapaaehtoispataljoona

    • Finnisches Freiwilligen-Bataillon der Waffen-SS
    • Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS

    The Finnish Waffen-SS battalion was established in the spring of 1941. Approximately 1,400 Finnish volunteers joined the battalion. The soldiers participated in the campaigns on the Eastern Front, in Ukraine and the Caucasus. In 1943 the battalion was dissolved.

  12. Horst Eichler

    Adjutant of Einsatzgruppe A in 1941

  13. Deutsches Staatsministerium für Böhmen und Mähren

    • Německé státní ministerstvo pro Čechy a Moravu
    • German State Ministry for Bohemia and Moravia

    The Deutsches Staatsministerium für Böhmen und Mähren was based on the Fuehrer's edict from 1943-08-20. It largely adopted the tasks of the Amt des Reichsprotektors in Böhmen und Mähren. The power of the new and last Reichsprotektor Wilhem Frick (1877-1946) was reduced to mainly representative functions. The Deutsches Staatsministerium für Böhmen und Mähren was under the direction of Karl Hermann Frank (1898-1946), the former State secretary at the Reichsprotektor in Böhmen und Mähren.

  14. Erich Engels

    Head of the Jewish Department of the Gestapo in Lemberg -Lwow since 1941,

  15. Staatssekretär beim Reichsprotektor in Böhmen und Mähren

    • Státní tajemník u říšského protektora v Čechách a na Moravě
    • Secretary of State at the Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia

    Hitler promoted Karl Hermann Frank to SS-Gruppenführer and appointed Secretary of State of the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under Reich Protector Konstantin von Neurath. Although nominally under Neurath, Frank wielded great power in the Protectorate. In autumn 1941 on Hitler's orders Konstantin von Neurath was replaced by Reinhard Heydrich as Reichsprotektor. After the successful assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in May 1942 Kurt Daluege was appointed as the new Reichsprotektor. Karl Hermann Frank was during all that time in function of the Secretary of State. Even after Augus...

  16. Johannes-Hugo Feder

    An officer in Einsatzgruppe A in 1941 and in Einsatzgruppe B in 1942-1943

  17. Reichsprotektor in Böhmen und Mähren

    • Říšský protektor v Čechách a na Moravě
    • Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia

    March 1939 to May 1945

    After the military Occupation on 1939-03-15 and the establishment of the Reichsprotektorat Böhmen und Mähren the mainly Czech population was guaranteed autonomy. The last Czechoslovak President Emil Hácha stayed formally head of state. Real power was vested in the Reichsprotektor, whose task was to represent the "interests" of the German state. First Reichsprotektor became Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath. He was followed 1941-09-27 by Reinhard Heydrich, 1942-05-31 by Kurt Daluege and 1943-08-20 by Wilhelm Frick.

  18. Lothar Fendler

    Deputy Commander in Sonderkommando 4b in the years 1941-1942

  19. Generalkommandant der uniformierten Protektoratspolizei

    • Generální velitel uniformované protektorátní policie
    • General Commander of the Uniformed Police in the Protectorate

    Based on the decree of Reinhard Heydrich since 1st of July 1942 the security services in the protectorate Bohemia and Moravia were new organized. Uniformed police forces like the Gendarmerie, the Order Police (Ordnungspolizei/Pořadková policie) and the Municipal police (Stadtpolizei/Městská policie) were reorganized into the "Uniformed Protectorate police" (Uniformierte Protektoratspolizei/Uniformované protektorátní policie), which were in the Ministery of Interior under the supervison of the General Commander of the Uniformed Protectorate police (Generalkommandant der uniformierten Protekt...

  20. Ludwik Hirschfeld

    • לודוויק הירשפלד

    Doctor immunologist. He researched the outbreaks of typhus.