Authorities

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Displaying items 17,881 to 17,900 of 17,956
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  1. Reichsjustizministerium

    The Reichsjustizministerium was headed by Franz Günther and later by Otto Thierack. It was engaged with questions of justice and the law.

  2. Organisation de Résistance de l'Armée

    • Army Resistance Organisation
    • ORA

    Founded in 1942-12-01

    On 1942-12-01 the Organisation de Résistance de l'Armée was formed by General Aubert Frere. ORA became active after Germany occupied the Free (Vichy) Zone in 1942-11. Organized by career officers and run on a professional military basis, ORA initially backed General Giraud rather than de Gaulle as the head of the Resistance: it's mission was military, not political.

  4. Einsatzkommando 10a

    • EK 10a

    Einsatzkommando 10a (part of Einsatzgruppe D) carried out the mass murder of Jews in southern Ukraine.

  5. Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft

    Founded in 1931

    The Nationalsozialistische Frauenschaft was founded in 1933, from 1935-03 the Frauenschaft was officially part of the NSDAP.

  6. Reichssicherheitshauptamtes-Amtes II-D Technische Angelegenheiten

    • RSHA-Amtes II-D Technische Angelegenheiten

    The technical department, under the supervision of Rauff, became a part of Amt II.

  7. Lippmann Rosenthal Bank

    • Lippmann, Rosenthal&Co.
    • Liro

    The Lippmann Rosenthal Bank, 'the robber bank', was not a bank in the normal sense of the word. In practice, Liro was far more a storage depot and sales office for stolen Jewish stolen property than a financial institution.

  8. Wehrmachtführungsamt

    Abolished in 1940-08-07

    The Wehrmachtführungsamt was renamed the Wehrmachtführungsstab on 1940-08-07.

  9. Einsatzkommando 1/IV

    • EK 1/IV

    Einsatzkommando 1/IV, Einsatzkommando 1 of Einsatzgruppe IV, participated during the invasion of Poland in 1939-09. During the invasion of the Soviet Union the Einsatzgruppen were not labeled with the number I, II, III, IV or V but with the character A, B, C or D.

  10. Comité voor Bijzondere Joodse Belangen

    • Committee for special Jewish interests
    • CBJB

    Founded in 1933

    Following the course of events in Germany, the Comité voor Bijzondere Joodse Belangen was formed in 1933 under the aegis of David Cohen and Abraham Asscher, who were later in charge of the Jewish Council.

  11. Verband Schweizerischer Jüdischer Fürsorgen

    • Union Suisse des Comités d'Entraide Juive
    • VSJF

    1908/present

    Founded in 1908 as a loose association, the Verband Schweizerischer Jüdischer Fürsorgen was integrated into the Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund in 1925 as the umbrella organization for all Jewish groups caring for the poor. Since 1943 it has operated under the name Verband Schweizerischer Jüdischer Fürsorgen.

  12. Government of the United States

    In 1938/1939 the army of the United States was ill prepared even to defend the nation against attack; the public and Congress were determined to avoid war and ignorant of military requirements. The foreign policy of the United States was in debate, and the policies that the President followed in this period of doubt soon raised a conflict between the request for aid and the demands of national rearmament. Amid this confusion the services had to prepare for the worst. From 1938-09 to 1941-12-07 it became increasingly probable that the United States would have to fight in the Second World War.

  13. Ostbahn

    • East railroad

    Ostbahn was the East or Polish railroad system. During the war, Bletchley Park became aware of wide-scale rail deportations of Jews to the east.

  14. Wirtschaftprüfstelle

    Wirtschaftprüfstelle was a German organization which was, because of the Aryanization of the Dutch business, responsible for the sale and liquidation of Jewish companies.

  15. Service du Travail Obligatoire

    • Compulsory Labour Service
    • STO

    Founded in 1943-02-16

    Pierre Laval introduced, on 1943-02-16, the most unpopular of his proposals, the Service du Travail Obligatoire, which at first called for young men aged from twenty to twenty-two to register to work in Germany for two years. As a consequence, young men went into hiding, draft dodging, or went into the Resistance. Only half of the age group was sent. The disappointed Laval enlarged the source of supply to men between eighteen and sixty and childless women from eighteen to forty-five. About 650.000 men and 44.000 women were sent from France to work in Germany, a total number second only to t...

  16. Volksgerichtshof

    • People’s Court

    1934/1945

    The Volksgerichtshof was a treason trial court for ‘enemies of the Reich’. From 1942 until 1945-02, the court was headed by Dr. Roland Freisler. The judicial panel contained two professional judges, five individuals selected by the Nazi Party, SS, and armed forces. Its proceedings were ideological and swift. From 1934 to 1945, the People’s Court condemned 12,000 civilians to death in concentration camps.

  17. Einsatzgruppe VI

    • EG VI

    When Hitler invaded Poland in 1939-09, a special Einsatzgruppe was attached to each of the five German armies of the invasion force, with a sixth based in Posen. Each Einsatzgruppe was subdivided into Einsatzkommandos of 100 men. SS units, specially trained assassins, assigned terror tasks for the political administration in the Soviet Union and other eastern territories. The Einsatzgruppen worked behind the lines and murdered political opposition. The Einsatzgruppen murdered between 1.25-2 million Jews and tens of thousands of Soviet citizens and Soviet POWs.

  18. Service Social des Etrangers

    • Office of Social Services for foreigners
    • SSE

    Founded in 1942-01-01

    Service Social des Etrangers was a Vichy government agency connected with both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Labor and charged with the delivery of social services to foreigners in France.

  19. Pubblica Sicurezza

    The police of the Ministry of the Interior.

  20. Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society

    • HIAS

    1880/present

    The primary mission of the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society is to help Jews whose lives and freedom are endangered. Since 1880, HIAS has been the worldwide arm of the American Jewish community for rescue, relocation, family reunification, and resettlement of refugees and other migrants.