Authorities

• League of German Girls within the Hitler Youth
• BDM

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1930

In 1930, the Bund Deutscher Mädel in der Hitler-Jugend was founded as the official female branch of the Hitler Youth organization. Before the Nazi rise to power in 1933-01, the BDM did not attract a mass following. Membership expanded rapidly throughout the 1930s, until participation for eligible girls became compulsory in 1936. The BDM’s core constituency consisted of girls from fourteen to eighteen years of age, with a corresponding junior branch, the Jungmädel (Young Girls’ League), for girls aged ten to fourteen. In 1938, a third component, the Bund Deutscher Mädel-Werk Glaube und Schön...

• Orhanizatsiya Ukrayins'kykh Natsionalistiv
• Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)
• ОУН

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1929
• Updated 5 years ago

The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)was a Ukrainian political organization created in 1929 in Western Ukraine (at the time interwar Poland). The OUN emerged as a union between the Ukrainian Military Organization, smaller radical right-wing groups, and right-wing Ukrainian nationalists and intellectuals. In 1940, the OUN split into two parts. The older, more moderate members, supported Andriy Melnyk (OUN-M) while the younger and more radical members supported Stepan Bandera (OUN-B). The OUN-B declared an independent Ukrainian state in June 1941, while the region was under the con...

• Generální velitel uniformované protektorátní policie
• General Commander of the Uniformed Police in the Protectorate

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1942-1945
• Updated 9 years ago

Based on the decree of Reinhard Heydrich since 1st of July 1942 the security services in the protectorate Bohemia and Moravia were new organized. Uniformed police forces like the Gendarmerie, the Order Police (Ordnungspolizei/Pořadková policie) and the Municipal police (Stadtpolizei/Městská policie) were reorganized into the "Uniformed Protectorate police" (Uniformierte Protektoratspolizei/Uniformované protektorátní policie), which were in the Ministery of Interior under the supervison of the General Commander of the Uniformed Protectorate police (Generalkommandant der uniformierten Protekt...

• Reich Security Main Office
• RSHA

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 5 years ago

Founded in 1939-09-27

The Reichssicherheitshauptamt consisted of headquarters of the Sicherheitspolizei, Sicherheitsdienst, and Gestapo as of 1939-09-27. It was the principal office of the Nazi regime’s political, ideological, and racial warfare. The Reichssicherheitshauptamt’s backbone was the Gestapo and was founded by Reinhard Heydrich. After his assassination, Ernst Kaltenbrunner assumed command on 1943-01-30. This branch of the SS issued a decree in 1940 containing a tacit order for the Final Solution and coordinated the activities of the Einsatzgruppen.

• Polish Committee of National Liberation
• PKWN

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1944-07-21

The formation of Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego was announced on 1944-07-21, the day after the first red Army troops crossed the Western Bug River into German-occupied Poland. On 1944-07-26 the Soviet Union officially recognized the PKWN as the sovereign government of Poland. Two rival Polish governments now existed: the one in London recognized by the Western Allies, and the Soviet-sponsored committee in Lublin. On 1944-08-31, the Soviet-sponsored PKWN, Poland’s provisional communist government, stated that it would bring to justice Germans and Poles who had collaborated with the Ger...

• Economic and Administrative Main Office
• SS Main Economic and Administrative Department
• SS-Wirtschaftsverwaltungs-Hauptamt
• WVHA
• SS-WVHA

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1942-1945
• Updated 5 years ago

Founded in 1942-02-02

The Wirtschaft und Verwaltungshauptamt was the principal economic and administrative bureau of the SS. Founded on 1942-02-02 and based in Berlin, this organization was a huge corporate enterprise with extensive power. Headed by Oswald Pohl, the WVHA not only exploited slave labor (500,000 to 600,000), but arranged for inmate transfers with German corporations. German companies had to apply for slave labor and wait for approval before inmates were transferred. Colonel Gerhard Maurer headed the DII Department, which processed German corporate requests for concentration camp labor. There were ...

• Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities
• SIG

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 10 years ago

1904-11-27/present

On 1904-11-27, 27 representatives of the 13 Jewish communities from the whole of Switzerland met in Baden for a founding assembly. Articles of association were adopted and a five-member executive appointed, thus constituting the launch of the Schweizerischer Israelitischer Gemeindebund. The objective of the newly founded association was 'to safeguard and represent the general interests of Judaism in Switzerland’. Early 1930s SIG redoubled its offensive against anti-Semitism by inaugurating its own press office late in 1936 - the Jüdische Nachrichten. During the Second World War the SIG and ...

• Union for Armed Struggle
• ZWZ

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

In German controlled Poland the Polish underground in 1940 gradually became more tightly organized. General Sikorski in France took steps to bring all resistance forces in the homeland under the control of his government in exile. Since the beginning of the war, dozens of independent resistance groups had sprung up, mistrustful of any central control. Sikorski ordered the Służba Zwycięstwu Polski (Service for the Victory of Poland), by far the largest of the underground organizations, to transform itself into the central organ of military resistance under the name of Związek Walki Zbrojnej....

• Finnish Red Cross POW Office

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1939-1948
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Finnish Red Cross established its POW Office in 1939 to collect data concerning the POWs during the Winter War, and later during the Continuation War. The office was established on the ground of the Geneva Conventions on the treatment of POWs. In the years 1939-1944 Finland held in custody around 70,000 Soviet POWs. Approximately 470 of them were Jewish. During the continuation war (1941-1944) the rate of mortality in the camps was very high, up to 30%. Around 2500 POWs were extradited to the Germans. Within the extradited there were 55 Jews. Two of them were returned to the Finnish aut...

• Młody Strażnik

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 10 years ago

Haszomer Hacair was a Jewish scout organization with left-wing and Zionist views. One of the founders was dr Henryk Goldszmyt (also known as Janusz Korczak). The target of the organization was to educate young Jewish people. Haszomer Hacair began to fight against assimilation in the environment and impose an obligation to use Hebrew in order to generate an atmosphere of Judaism in the group. Haszomer Hacair was preparing young people to emigrate to Palestine by organizing summer and winter camps (Kibutz). During the occupation, Haszomer Hacair was working in conspiracy, mainly in the ghetto...

• Estonian Security Police
• German Security Police and SD in Estonia, Group B
• Saksa Julgeolekupolitsei ja SD Eestis, grupp B

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 9 years ago

1941-1944

The Estonian Security Police and SD, or Sipo, was a security police force created by the Germans in 1942. The force integrated both Germans and Estonians within a unique structure mirroring the German Security Police. Following the German occupation in 1941, the German Army created police prefects based upon the old Estonian police model. In 1942 a new Security Police structure departments A-I to A-V, and an Estonian component, called "Group B," with corresponding departments was installed. The new Sipo force was designed by Martin Sandberger, leader of Einsatzkommando 1a. It was a unique j...

• Fount of Life

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 3 months ago

Founded in 1935

Lebensborn, a Nazi organization, was established in 1935 in an effort to reverse Germany’s dwindling birthrate and to increase the number of ‘racially valuable’ offspring. Instigated by Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler, the effort provided financial assistance and maternity care to the wives of SS men and also to unmarried mothers, a group that concerned Nazi racial hygienists and population planners. Lebensborn administrators encouraged unwed mothers to give up their infants after birth, and the organization managed both orphanages and adoption services that placed Lebensborn children with ‘d...

• Foreign Office of the German Empire
• AA

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 8 years ago

1870/present

The term "Auswärtiges Amt" was first used to designate the Foreign Office established in 1870 by the North German Confederation, which became the Foreign Office of the German Empire in 1871. This is still the name by which the German foreign ministry is known today. In Bismarck's time the Auswärtiges Amt had only two directorates: the Political Directorate and a second Directorate responsible for foreign trade and other issues as well as legal and consular matters. During the Weimar Republic the AA was reorganized along modern lines. Under the Third Reich the AA was part of the apparatus of...

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1843/present

In 1843, Henry Jones and 11 other German-Jewish immigrants gathered in Sinsheimer's Café on New York's Lower East Side to confront what Isaac Rosenbourg, one of B'nai B'rith's founders, called "the deplorable condition of Jews in this, our newly adopted country." Thus, B'nai B'rith (children of the covenant) was born. B'nai B'rith involvement in international affairs dates to the 1870s when anti-Semitism reached new heights in Romania. Through the influence of B'nai B'rith, the U.S. government established a consulate there, and a former B'nai B'rith president, Benjamin Peixotto, was appoint...

• Aussenpolitisches Amt
• APA

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

Founded in 1934

Hitler actively encouraged the creation of party agencies which claimed expertise in certain fields of foreign policy. The Aussenpolitisches Amt der Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei was established to institutionalize Alfred Rosenberg's aspirations to become the guru of Nazi foreign policy. This body also put pressure on German allies to carry out the Final Solution. For example, its diplomats exhorted Benito Mussolini, unsuccessfully, to deport Jews under Italian jurisdiction.

• Committee for Assistance to Refugees
• CAR

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 9 years ago

With the moderation of French policy toward the refugees as a result of the election of the Popular Front government in the spring of 1936, French Jewish refugee relief revived. At the initiative of the Joint Distribution Committee, a new committee, Comité d’Assistance aux Refugiés, was established with Raymond-Raoul Lambert as its general secretary. Under Lambert’s leadership, CAR focused on providing assistance, including vocational retraining, that would enable the refugees to finds a niche in France. From the fall of 1938 until the outbreak of the war in 1939-09 the staff of CAR worked ...

• Státní tajemník u říšského protektora v Čechách a na Moravě
• Secretary of State at the Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1939-1945
• Updated 10 years ago

Hitler promoted Karl Hermann Frank to SS-Gruppenführer and appointed Secretary of State of the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia under Reich Protector Konstantin von Neurath. Although nominally under Neurath, Frank wielded great power in the Protectorate. In autumn 1941 on Hitler's orders Konstantin von Neurath was replaced by Reinhard Heydrich as Reichsprotektor. After the successful assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in May 1942 Kurt Daluege was appointed as the new Reichsprotektor. Karl Hermann Frank was during all that time in function of the Secretary of State. Even after Augus...

• Greek People's Liberation Army
• ELAS

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

1942/1945-02

The military branch of the communist-dominated Ethniko Apelefterotiko Metopo in Greece. Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós was launched in the summer of 1942 and gradually spread from the central regions of the country into Thessaly and Aegean Macedonia. By 1944, it controlled most of the mountainous areas in Greece. At its peak, it had about 70,000 fighters, including several thousand Slavic Macedonians who formed the so-called Slavo-Macedonian People's Liberation Front. ELAS was disbanded in 1945-02, following the Varkiza agreements. After 1946, it reappeared as the Democratic Army...

• The Union of National Revolution
• The National Association of Revolution

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• 1945-1948
• Updated 8 years ago

The National Association of Revolution was a Czechoslovak post-war organization that united people who actively fought against the Nazi or were imprisoned during the war because of their political opinions. Members of the Association could be partisans, political prisoners, participants of home or foreign (overseas) resistance movements, members of Czechoslovak army. The Union of National Revolution united members of the domestic and of the foreign resistance, soldiers of armies who fought against Nazism during the Second World War. The goals of the organisation were to support the local an...

• EHRI Corporate Bodies
• Corporate Body
• Updated 1 decade ago

The Commission Centrale des Organizations Juives d’Assistance met with various non-Jewish agencies working in the camps, such as Comité inter-mouvements aupres des evacues (CIMADE), the Young Men Christian Association (YMCA), the Quakers, various national branches of the Red Cross, the Secours Suisse, the Service social d’aide aux emigrants (SSAE), the Unitarian Service Committee, the Rockefeller Foundation, and others to form the Comité de Coordination pour l’Assistance dans les Camps. The Rockefeller Foundation is a charity organization. Its central historical mission is "To promote the w...