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Displaying items 11,941 to 11,960 of 55,814
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  1. Eichmann Trial -- Session 26 -- Testimony about children and the Polish underground

    Session 26. Witness Adolph Avraham Berman testifies. Dr. Berman talks about the numbers of children in Warsaw. The Judges ask him questions. He says that there was help for Jews from the Polish underground, especially for the children. He says that Jewish children were smuggled into the Aryan section of Warsaw, and then lists the Polish underground organizations, including Janusz Korczak, that helped. He says that they worked to get the news out of what was happening. 00:08:30 Dr. Berman finishes, and the Judges call Dr. Duvdevani. He discusses the search for a cache of items stashed in the...

  2. Eichmann Trial -- Session 27 -- Testimony of Abba Kovner

    Session 27. Witness Abba Kovner, Vilna Ghetto leader. Kovner was commander of the partisan underground organization, founder of the "Bricha" (escape), poet and writer, and activist in Israel's cultural and public life. Abba Kovner is standing in front of microphones, testifying to the court. He is midsentence when the tape begins. He talks of the various efforts to inform the world and the other ghettos of the purpose of their ghetto. He is stopped before he discusses too much. 00:02:01 The court asks him about a German non-commissioned officer named Anton Schmid. Kovner responds that he wa...

  3. Eichmann Trial -- Session 29 -- Noske document; Aviel testifies

    Session 29. The Court assesses the relevancy of Gustav Noske's testimony in Trial 9 in Nuremberg [T/307]. Defense Attorney Dr. Robert Servatius expresses his desire to examine Noske, should Noske be alive. The Court continues to discuss the significance of Noske testimony, and the issue is put aside for further consideration. Attorney General Gideon Hausner calls witness Avraham Aviel, a Radun ghetto survivor to the stand. Aviel describes the conditions in the Radun ghetto in Poland. He discusses his experiences with Jewish deaths: "...this was the first time I had seen so much blood that h...

  4. Eichmann Trial -- Session 29 -- Testimonies of A. Aviel and H. Behrendt

    Session 29. Court is adjourned. There are shots of the audience, frontals of the courtroom, and a conversation between Defense Attorney Dr. Robert Servatius and Adolf Eichmann. Following a blip at 00:05:21, excerpts from Tape 2040 with witness Avraham Aviel are repeated. He discusses the liquidation of the Radun ghetto, and his escape to the group of Jewish men being used for labor. After joining the second group, Aviel recounts the death of his mother and younger brother: "Only afterward did I learn that I had been the only one who somehow managed to escape from that situation." Aviel disc...

  5. Eichmann Trial -- Session 3 -- Attorney General's reply to preliminary introductions

    Session 3. Recording begins while the court is in recess. There are several camera shots of audience members, court officials, and Adolf Eichmann as he enters the courtroom. As the trial commences, Attorney General Hausner introduces precedents and protocols established by the United Nations and the International Military Tribunal regarding war crimes trials. He cites several documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as the proceedings from such conferences as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Hausner also refers ...

  6. Eichmann Trial -- Session 38 -- Testimony of M. Ansbacher and submission of documents

    Session 38. Modechai Ansbacher is testifying for the Prosecution, answering questions about witnessing the deportation of many children, he was one of them. He was in Belgium until the German occupation. He was sent to Calais by the Belgian government, and attempted to escape to England, but they could not. The Blitzkrieg had caught up with them. They were sent to a small concentration camp in Calais until the Belgium Red Cross sent them back to Brussels. 00:04:50 Tape jumps. Ansbacher is discussing the work he did, and says that he was involved in a clandestine school. He says that everyth...

  7. Eichmann Trial -- Session 41 -- Witness Dr. Grueber re: knowing Eichmann during the war and concentration camps

    Session 41. Dr. Servatius complains that the numerous witnesses from abroad fall within various courts, and that it would take too much time to attain all of these witnesses, their affidavits, and their testimony. They list the witnesses whose addresses they do not yet have. That court will make the request to the German courts, and Dr. Servatius says that his assistant will attempt to do just that. Attorney General Hausner requests that the Defense be instructed to supply the names of all of the witnesses to be questioned, as it is becoming global. The Judges agree. Dr. Servatius says that...

  8. Eichmann Trial -- Session 42 -- Cross-examination of Grueber by defense attorney Servatius

    Defense lawyer Servatius is seated going through papers. He hands one of the papers to a man who passes by his table. Shot of the courtroom, Eichmann's booth; Eichmann is escorted in carrying documents. One of his guards delivers a note to Servatius. The camera focuses alternately on Eichmann and Servatius for several minutes. All rise as the judges enter court. Judge Landau announces the opening of Session 42 (00:05:41). Continuation of interrogation of Dr. Heinrich Grüber, Protestant Dean of Berlin by defense attorney Robert Servatius. Grüber describes his association with the Confessiona...

  9. Eichmann Trial -- Session 42 -- Testimony of Heinrich Grueber, Charlotte Salzberger; affidavit of Bernard Loesener

    Under questioning from the judges, the German theologian Dr. Heinrich Grueber testifies about his role in the rescue of Jews. He says that he receives hate mail and threats for his rescue work and for agreeing to come to Jerusalem to testify. He refuses to publicly state the name of a fellow rescuer for this reason. He quotes Leo Baeck as he describes the difference between the reactions of working people versus scholars to the persecution of the Jews. (Duplicate footage also found on Tape 2052 at 01:00:02 and Tape 2051 at 00:31:04). Judge Halevi asks Grueber what happened to Dr. Bernard Lo...

  10. Eichmann Trial -- Session 43 -- Prosecution submits documents: foreign relations, deportations, legal matters

    Session 43. The Prosecution submits documents to the court, beginning with a letter concerning a citizen of a neutral country wanting to emigrate, a case which Eichmann denied. Another about the treatment of Jews of foreign nationalities, along with the decision to work towards the Final Solution, including dealing with mixed marriages. Another describing a deadline in 1943 for the deportation of each nation's Jews. Also, a preface of the Reich's Foreign Ministry discussing the pressure placed on foreign nations to return their Jews. 00:05:50 A summarizing report of the Gestapo office. A me...

  11. Eichmann Trial -- Session 46 -- Testimonies of Salz and Arnon regarding Yugoslavia

    Session 46. Judges enter, and open the 46th session of the trial. The consolidation of Jews and Freemasons in Belgrade is recommended, and the deportation of them to an island on the Danube River is suggested, assuming that this is an easy task. The discussion of statistics, along with dealing with the Roma quarter, are brought up. 00:12:46 Tape jumps. Dr. Hinko Salz is testifying, saying that he wore an armband badge as a soldier, but it was often covered by his medical badges. 00:14:05 Tape jumps. Dr. Salz is still testifying, saying that his superior told them that he would give them vou...

  12. Eichmann Trial -- Session 47 -- Testimony of witness Itzchak Nechama about the July 11, 1942 Aktion against the male Jews of Salonika, Greece

    Opening shot of the courtroom. Adolf Eichmann sits in the booth. Lawyers for the defense and the prosecution are seated at their respective desks with their backs to the camera. The judges enter. All rise and Judge Moshe Landau asks Deputy State Attorney Yaacov Bar-Or to proceed. There appears to have been a brief recess after the entering of many documents into the record and the footage picks up after this. Itzchak Nechama takes the witness stand (00:01:35) and is sworn in. He testifies about his military service in the Greek army, the demobilization of his unit, and his return to Salonik...

  13. Eichmann Trial -- Session 5 -- Excerpts of Attorney General's reply

    Session 5. Begins while the courtroom is empty. The attorneys enter, and the camera focuses on Attorney General Hausner and Defense Attorney Servatius as they exchange pleasantries. The judges enter the courtroom and Judge Moshe Landau declares Session 5 open. Hausner discusses the Nuremberg Trials and its influence on the establishment of international laws and principles. He then quotes from the International Military Tribunal. The judge questions the relevancy of the documents being presented by the prosecution. To answer Landau's question, Hausner refers to the "Nazi Punishment Law," an...

  14. Eichmann Trial -- Session 51 -- Diaries of Yekuel & Klepper; Hungary documents; testimony of Pinhas Freudiger

    Footage begins with a shot of the courtroom in the middle of Session 51. The judges are looking over a set of documents. Judge Landau notes that they have decided to admit into evidence selections from the diary of Advocate Yomtov Yekuel and an affidavit from Advocate Asher Rafael Moissis (00:02:00). State Attorney Yaacov Bar-Or addresses the court with excerpts from Yekuel's diary pertaining to the experience of the Jews in Salonika, Greece. Footage cuts out from 00:07:54 to 00:08:06, but nothing is missing from the proceedings. Shots of Eichmann in the booth looking at documents. Bar-Or s...

  15. Eichmann Trial -- Session 52 -- Testimony of Pinhas Freudiger

    The footage begins in the middle of the proceedings with witness testimony from Pinhas Freudiger. Freudiger gives an account of his escape to Romania and from there to Palestine. Defense attorney Dr. Robert Servatius poses questions to Freudiger about the ban on railway travel for Jews. He is asked who issued the orders to set up the Kistarcsa camp, as well as about arrests and the severity of anti-Jewish legislation in Hungary and Germany (00:04:14). Freudiger is further cross-examined by Servatius about a report he wrote with Alexander Diamant and Yohanan Link describing Hungarian anti-Je...

  16. Eichmann Trial -- Session 54 -- Witnesses A. Gordon, T. Ferencz

    Session 54. Cuts into testimony of witness Avraham Gordon, Hungarian Jew. Describes labor he was forced to do - digging trenches in Eichmann's residence under direction of Slawik (possibly Eichmann's bodyguard). 00:04:48 Gordon looks at photographs - identifies Eichmann. Picture submitted to court [exhibit T/1152 or T/37(7)]. 00:06:52 Gordon describes Eichmann, villa, boy (Salomon) being punished for stealing cherries. 00:12:59 Gordon asked to draw sketch of villa. Describes sketch and what happened to Salomon [exhibit T/1153]. 00:23:36 Gordon describes Eichmann and Slawik taking Salomon in...

  17. Eichmann Trial -- Session 55 -- Testimony of Dr. G. Gilbert

    THIS MASTER TAPE DOES NOT ACTUALLY EXIST. DISTORTION AND DROP-OUT WAS SO SEVERE THAT THE ENTIRE TAPE WAS BLANK. Session 55.

  18. Eichmann Trial -- Session 55 -- Testimony of Dr. G. Gilbert re. Nuremberg witnesses

    Session 55. Court has not commenced. 00:05:33 Witness of general information - Professor Gustave M. Gilbert, Professor of Psychology at Long Island University, USA. Military psychologist (first Lieutenant), then intelligence officer during War. Then assigned to the Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. Questioned about role at Nuremberg. 00:13:38 Discusses the Nazi's knowledge and reaction to Gilbert being Jewish. Gilbert discusses the defendants' sanity (Rudolf Hess is talked about), psychological tests and personalities. 00:21:57 Gilbert explains about notes he took on the Nazis and a diary he ...

  19. Eichmann Trial -- Session 59 -- Witness Joel Brand testifies re. negotiations with Eichmann

    Session 59. Joel Brand being questioned again. 00:01:12 Cuts out, starts from beginning again - the Wehrmacht's role in the destruction of the Jews. Talk of Bandi Grosz, Hungarian Jewish quadruple agent. 00:05:22 to 00:06:32 Court has break. Between 00:06:32 and 00:10:54 The court is preparing itself. Mr. Brand is looking at "Report of the Jewish Rescue Committee" - asked by Judge Halevi to read certain pages. Brand claims the report to be untrue. 00:19:33 Brand is challenged as to why he went to Turkey, what he thought of Eichmann's deal. 00:24:45 Asked about the Hagana, the Jewish self-de...

  20. Eichmann Trial -- Session 63 -- Submission of documents; testimony of Y. Gutman

    Session 63. Attorney General talks about correspondence between Hajj Amin (Mufti of Jerusalem) and Bulgarian Foreign Ministry and Minister of Romania [T/1264] in relation to Oliver Stanley allowing Palestinian immigration permits for 4000 Jewish children. He is against their immigration to Palestine - they could side with the enemy, go into other Middle Eastern countries, threaten Arab persons. Wants them to go somewhere else under "strict guard", i.e. Poland. 00:07:30 [T/1266] Letter from Hajj Amin and Rashid 'Ali Kilani to Ribbentrop asking for union of Germany with Arab nations, and to d...