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Displaying items 921 to 940 of 3,431
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  1. Day 43 International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (Set B)

    1. Sound recordings of the Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal (Set B)

    Day 43 - Friday, January 25, 1946. French Prosecutor Dubost on Gestapo treatment. Witness Marie Vaillant-Couturier on conditions in concentration camps. Part 1

  2. Day 25 International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg (Set B)

    1. Sound recordings of the Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal (Set B)

    Day 25 - Wednesday, January 2, 1946. Col. Storey on the Gestapo and its activities. Defense counsel for Kaltenbrunner interjects. Col. Storey continues about the Gestapo. Lt. Harris covers the case on the SD.

  3. Operation Annie - December 7, 1944

    1. Operation Annie broadcasts

    TRACK 1 0:00-1:48: "Trojan Horse" signature theme (organ) 1:50: Radio 1212 program begins. 2:25: News from the Front. The focus of fighting is on the Saar Front, where the Westwall was breached 2 km north of Saarlautern. South of Saarbrücken there were fierce tank battles in the region near Rarlingen. 2:45: A US effort to capture German positions from the flank has made further progress. The German divisions' path to withdrawal from Alsace is growing narrower. There is not much to report from the northern area near Cologne. 3:05: US infantry broke through defensive lines north of Saarlauter...

  4. Operation Annie - December 15, 1944

    1. Operation Annie broadcasts

    TRACK 1 1:47: 1212 broadcasting, daily from 2 to 6 every full hour. This is 1212 with news for the Rhineland. News from Front and Homeland for the citizens of the Rhineland and Saar-Pfalz. We will bring you the names of the villages that have been occupied by the enemy in the past 24 hours. Front News: NOTE: this part of the sequence is the same sequence as 165-48.mp3 7:20: music and multiple cuts in audio 8:03: 1212 intro music 9:48: 1212 broadcasting, 1212 broadcasting, daily from 2 to 6 every full hour. This is 1212 with news for the Rhineland. News from Front and Homeland for the ci...

  5. Jean Crouzet papers

    1. Gaston Crouzet collection

    The papers consist of a document that lists the names of prisoners in Flossenbürg concentration camp and statistics regarding their death and a document written by Dr. Gaston Crouzet and another doctor regarding the repatriation of French survivors of Flossenbürg concentration camp.

  6. Crouzet family papers

    1. Gaston Crouzet collection

    The collection consists of documents including a menu written by inmates at Flossenbürg concentration camp, correspondence received by Irene Crouzet from her husband and son, Dr. Gaston and Robert Crouzet, while they were interned in several different concentration camps, and a photograph of Ambroise Cognac.

  7. Teodor Gruca papers

    1. Teodor Gruca collection

    Contains documents relating to the experiences of Teodor Gruca, including material related to this incarceration in Dachau between 1940-1945, and his postwar activity as a music teacher. He was arrested by the Gestapo for the refusal to sign the "Volksliste." The collection includes a song book with forty songs, which were sung by the prisoners' of the Polish Choir, of which Teodor Gruca was the director. Includes a small album signed by members of the choir after liberation; documents issued by government authorities upon his return to Poland in 1945; materials related to his employment an...

  8. Mister C

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    The subject of this song is Winston Churchill, the cigar-chomping British prime minister who between the fall of France and the United States' entry into World War II personified captive Europe's last hope for defeating the Germans. Written soon after news reached Sachsenhausen of the Allied evacuation from Dunkirk in May 1940, “Mister C” debuted at an informal musical evening in Cell Block 3 where, to cite Kulisiewicz, “the most biting and obscene antifascist satires were performed in several languages.” Kulisiewicz further recalls that he would pantomime rowing gestures and whisper “Dunki...

  9. Dachau Lied Dachau Song

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    Playwright Jura Soyfer and composer Herbert Zipper, active in Viennese antifascist cabaret, were arrested by the Gestapo after the German-Austrian Anschluss of 1938. They met again at Dachau, where both toiled as “horses,” hauling cartloads of heavy stone throughout the camp. Soyfer and Zipper wrote Dachau Song in September 1938 as an ironic response to the motto “Arbeit Macht Frei” (Work Makes Freedom) inscribed on the gate at the entrance to the camp. Initially performed in secret, Dachau Song was eventually learned by many camp inmates. Both Soyfer and Zipper believed that exercising the...

  10. Czarny Böhm Black Böhm

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    Wilhelm Böhm, nicknamed "Czarny" (black) Böhm, was among the more grisly denizens of Sachsenhausen camp. Short and hunchbacked, with long, ape-like arms, Böhm, a camp Kapo, was also distinctly charred in appearance due to his work as a cremation specialist. Wildly enthusiastic about his job, Böhm had been known to cry out to passing prisoners, "Come to Böhm! You'll surely be coming my way soon, so why not now?" Kulisiewicz reports that in 1941-1942 Böhm helped cremate some 18,000 Soviet prisoners of war murdered at Sachsenhausen. He is thought to have died of a contagious infection in 1943....

  11. Repeta Second Helping

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    Aleksander Kulisiewicz recalled that mealtimes at Sachsenhausen offered camp Kapos a special opportunity to torment their fellow prisoners. Second Helping evokes one such scene, where a near-starved prisoner is forced not only to consume rotting turnips, but also to endure beatings while doing so. Kulisiewicz wrote the song while quarantined with typhus, and noted that it became "enormously popular" in the camp. Performed with guitar accompaniment, it would conclude with a so-called "Parade March"- a burlesque promenade around an imaginary cauldron of turnips. Music by: "Precz, precz od nas...

  12. Moja brama My Gate

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    Moja Brama is Kulisiewicz's reminder of the sadistic "sporting competitions" held at Sachsenhausen. During these sessions, SS-men commanded prisoners to perform the so-called "Indian Dance," forcing inmates to quickly and repeatedly raise their arms, stare at the sky, twist their bodies, drop to the ground, and stand up again. Many prisoners became dizzy or ill or fell exhausted after such "exercise." Kulisiewicz's coping mechanism was to focus on the camp gate, much as a ballet dancer might spot a distant object to remain balanced while turning. The image of the gate burned into Kulisiewic...

  13. Zimno, panie! It's Cold, Sir!

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    In Sachsenhausen, a number of upper-class Poles sought to preserve their social advantages by courting favors from the camp command. Kulisiewicz rebukes two such prisoners-"Lulusinski" and the "Count"-in this brief song from 1944. Both "aristocrats" had betrayed members of the Polish Communist underground to the Reich Criminal Police Office, leading to the arrest of several inmates. In turn, other camp elites denounced Kulisiewicz to the authorities for writing and performing his derisive song. He was removed from his barrack in the middle of the night in February, 1945, and interrogated by...

  14. Muselmann—Kippensammler Muselmann—Cigarette Butt Collector

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    Kulisiewicz’s self-described “tragic parody” vividly evokes his encounter with a camp Muselmann, an emaciated inmate who had lost the will to live. According to Kulisiewicz, such prisoners were sent to Stehkommando, where they were forced to stand for hours on end in the latrine as punishment for no longer being able to work. Kulisiewicz first sang “Muselmann” for his friends in Cell Block 65 toward the end of July 1940. (Like Kulisiewicz, the protagonist of “Muselmann” was a political prisoner whose uniform, as noted in the song, was branded with a “red triangle badge.”) Kulisiewicz added ...

  15. Heil, Sachsenhausen

    1. "Music of the Holocaust" web exhibition

    Kulisiewicz recalls that a local tragedy sparked the creation of "Heil, Sachsenhausen." The event took place in July 1943 in the Sachsenhausen subcamp of Oranienburg, where Hans Zahn, director of the camp motor pool, and his 15-year-old daughter Eliza were arrested for forwarding letters from a Polish prisoner. Accused of having had "intimate contacts" with Poles, Eliza was interrogated and tortured by the Gestapo. She died soon afterward, a possible suicide. "Heil Sachsenhausen" protests Nazi "racial" laws, specifically the ban on Rassenschande ("race defilement" or "mixing"). Sexual relat...

  16. Esther Eisen photograph

    1. Esther and Roman Eisen collection

    Black and white image of a group of boys and girls sitting and standing outside, one boy wearing Star of David patch. The group portrait was taken by Romek Freund of 6th grade school children from Elementary School #25 in the ghetto in Łódź, Poland, in October 1941. The children gathered after the closing of the ghetto schools in September 1941 just to have this group portrait taken. Esther Eisen is presumably depicted in the photograph.

  17. Esther and Roman Eisen photograph collection

    1. Esther and Roman Eisen collection

    The collection consists of seven photographs relating to the experiences of the Cygielberg and Eisen families in Łódź, Poland, before World War II. Also included in the collection is a wedding photograph of Esther and Roman Eisen.

  18. Granite stone from a concentration camp owned by a former Polish Catholic inmate

    1. Julian Noga collection

    Granite stone from Flossenbürg concentration camp owned by Julian Noga, a Polish Catholic camp inmate from August 1942 to April 1945. The stone was meaningful to him because he learned his trade as a stone carver while a camp prisoner. Julian, a Polish Catholic from Skrzynka, found a Polish Army rifle two months after Germany occupied Poland in September 1939. It was illegal to keep weapons, and Julian was reported. In December, he was sent to Austria as a forced laborer for the Greinegger farm near Michaelnbach. Julian, 18, and the farmer’s daughter, Frieda, 17, fell in love. Under German ...

  19. Concentration camp uniform jacket issued to a Polish Christian inmate

    1. Julian Noga collection

    Blue and gray striped concentration camp uniform jacket worn by Julian Noga, a Polish Catholic prisoner of Flössenberg concentration camp from August 1942 - April 1945. It has a replica patch, with his prisoner number P1623, and an inverted red triangle, identifying him as a political prisoner. Julian, a Polish Catholic from Skrzynka, found a Polish Army rifle two months after Germany occupied Poland in September 1939. It was illegal to keep weapons, and Julian was reported. In December, he was sent to Austria as a forced laborer for the Greinegger farm near Michaelnbach. Julian, 18, and th...

  20. Building stone from a concentration camp owned by a former Polish Catholic inmate

    1. Julian Noga collection

    Gray building stone from Mauthausen concentration camp owned by Julian Noga, a Polish Catholic who was a forced laborer in Wels, a town near the camp, from October 1941-spring 1942. The stone was meaningful to him because he learned his trade as a stone carver while a camp prisoner. Julian, a Polish Catholic from Skrzynka, found a Polish Army rifle two months after Germany occupied Poland in September 1939. It was illegal to keep weapons, and Julian was reported. In December, he was sent to Austria as a forced laborer for the Greinegger farm near Michaelnbach. Julian, 18, and the farmer’s d...