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Displaying items 3,361 to 3,380 of 3,431
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  1. Handmade white armband embroidered K.Z.L. Terezin and worn by a female German Jewish inmate

    1. Emma Jonas family collection

    Handmade armband embroidered K.Z.L Terezin worn by Emma Jonas when she was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from November 1944 to May 1945. Currency was confiscated upon entry and scrip was distributed per a 5-tier rating or received for conscript labor while in camp. Emma was deported from Berlin and imprisoned in Theresienstadt in German occupied Czechoslovakia from November 1944 to May 1945. After Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, Emma, her husband Martin, and daughter Helga, 13, tried but failed to get visas for the family to leave Berlin. They then got Helga passage on ...

  2. Handmade white armband inscribed Terezin worn by a female German Jewish inmate

    1. Emma Jonas family collection

    Handmade armband inscribed K.Z.L Terezin worn by Emma Jonas when she was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp from November 1944 to May 1945. Currency was confiscated upon entry and scrip was distributed per a 5-tier rating or received for conscript labor while in camp. Emma was deported from Berlin and imprisoned in Theresienstadt in German occupied Czechoslovakia from November 1944 to May 1945. After Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, Emma, her husband Martin, and daughter Helga, 13, tried but failed to get visas for the family to leave Berlin. They then got Helga passage on a ...

  3. Medical Pot Bergen Belsen 1944 Satirical drawing of his prescription made by a camp inmate for his doctor, a fellow inmate

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Elegant cartoon in pencil and watercolor done by Istvan Irsai and given to Dr. Bela Gondos in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on October 17, 1944, as an expression of gratitude. It depicts an oversize thermometer stuck into a piece of bread, Dr. Gondos's prescription for his starving patient, whom he saw weekly. Both men were inmates arrived in the camp on the Kastzner rescue transport from Budapest, on July 8, 1944. Bela diagnosed Istvan with starvation and the prescribed extra portion of bread was filled by the informal organization of the Hungarian camp. Bela's wife Anna and 7 year old ...

  4. Czech Air Force pilot badge issued to a Jewish veteran

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Czech Air Force pilot badge issued to Frank Meissner for his service in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile in Great Britain. It may be an observers badge. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, even after their deportation to Theresi...

  5. 1st Anniversary commemorative pin for the victims of Theresienstadt acquired by a Czech Jewish survivor

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    First anniversary commemorative pin for the May 12, 1945, liberation of Theresienstadt concentration camp acquired by Frank Meissner, whose family had been imprisoned in the ghetto/labor camp in Czechoslovakia. On September 16, 1945, there was a public ceremonial burial for 601 victims exhumed from six mass grave sites uncovered at the Small Fortress. From 1940-1945, the Small Fortress served as the prison at the Terezin camp. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend ...

  6. Wreath shaped badge owned by a Jewish veteran of the Air Force for the Czech government in exile

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Wreath shaped pin with a fish owned by Frank Meissner who served in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, even after their deportation to Theresienstadt ghetto. The letters stopped in 1943. In the...

  7. Czech lion coat of arms cap badge owned by a Jewish veteran of the Czech Air Force in exile

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Tinnie, or pressed tin pincap badge owned by Frank Meissner, who served in the Czech Air Force from 1944-1945 for the Czech government in exile. It features the Czech coat-of-arms with the rampant split-tailed lion of Bohemia. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to deport all Jews from Denmark, Frank was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. During his exile, he received weekly letters from his family, e...

  8. Enameled stickpin for the Studiosorum World Congress owned by a former Czech Jewish soldier

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    Red and blue enameled stickpin acquired by Frank Meissner during the 1946 Studiosorum Congress in Prague. It features the logo design of a globe, open book, and flaming torch that symbolize youth's persisent quest for knowledge. This was the founding congress of the International Student Union created to promote democracy and education among students of all nations. At the age of 16, Frank left Trest, Czechoslovakia, in 1939 to avoid the increasingly harsh Nazi persecutions of Jews. He went to Denmark with Youth Aliyah to attend agricultural school. In fall 1943, when the Germans decided to...

  9. Watercolor greeting card of his barracks at Beaune-la-Rolande created by a camp inmate

    1. Max Feld and Rose Feld-Rosman collection

    New Year’s greeting card created by 27 year old Max Feld of the barracks where he lived while imprisoned at Beaune-la-Rolande internment camp in France from 1941-1942. Max made the card for his wife, Raisa, and their daughter, Esther, and it includes a handwritten message wishing them “a happy and healthy year.” After Paris was occupied by Germany in May 1940, foreign Jews were in danger of arrest and imprisonment. Max and his wife, Raisa, both deaf, were Jewish refugees from Germany and Poland. In May 1941, Max was arrested and, in July 1942, deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration ca...

  10. Silver metal cable link chain used to hold sports medals awarded to a German Jewish deaf-mute athlete

    1. Max Feld and Rose Feld-Rosman collection

    Chain used by the Feld family to hold sports medals awarded to Max Feld. Max competed in several deaf-mute athletic competitions in the 1930s in Berlin and Paris. In 1938, he left Germany for Paris to be with Raisa Steinberg, whom he had met when they were students at the Israelite School for the Deaf in Berlin. They married in 1939, and had a daughter, Esther, in 1940. Paris was occupied by the Germans in the summer of 1940 and foreign Jews were targeted for arrest. In May 1941, Max was sent to Beaune-la-Rolande interment camp; in July 1942, he was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentrat...

  11. Dried flowers kept within a memorial book saved by a Hungarian Jewish family while in hiding

    Dried flowers preserved from the funeral for Samu Kornhauser by his widow Malvina. She pressed the flowers in the memorial book, Emlekezesek Konyvet, [Book of Remembrance] between pages 34 and 35. The book is record 1999.282.4. The book was preserved during World War II by Malvina, her daughter Margit Pick, her husband Istvan and son Gyorgy. Malvina, ten year old Gyorgy, and his parents lived in hiding in Budapest, Hungary, from November 1944-January 1945. Hungary, an ally of Nazi Germany, had adopted similar anti-Jewish laws in the 1930s. Istvan, an engineer, lost his job in May 1939 becau...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by a female forced laborer

    1. Ruth Kittel Miller family collection

    Scrip valued at 5 kronen, acquired by Ruth Kittel while she and her sister, Hannelore, were living with their Jewish mother, Marie (Maria), and Catholic father, Josef, in Berlin, Germany, during the Holocaust. All currency was confiscated from deportees upon entry to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. On September 19, 1941, 14 year old Ruth picked-up government mandated Judenstern or Star of David badges from the Office of the Jewish Organization because she, Hannelore, 17, and Maria had to wear one at all ti...

  13. Drawing of black and white cows in a barn done in hiding by a Dutch Jewish man

    1. Abraham Rijksman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47224
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 7.375 inches (18.733 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm) | Width: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Colored pencil drawing of the interior of a cow barn on a Dutch family’s farm near Genum (Ginnum), Netherlands, created by Abraham Rijksman while in hiding on January 20, 1944. Abraham and his family lived in Amsterdam when German forces occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. His family members were all arrested and deported between October 1942 and May 1943. Abraham was arrested in August 1943, and escaped twice from transport trains to Westerbork transit camp. The second time, he escaped with a pregnant woman, whose friend gave Abraham money to travel north to Friesland. In October, Abraha...

  14. Drawing of a yellow field done in hiding by a Dutch Jewish man

    1. Abraham Rijksman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47212
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 7.375 inches (18.733 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm) | Width: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Colored pencil drawing of a yellow field beside a Dutch family’s farmhouse near Genum (Ginnum), Netherlands, created by Abraham Rijksman while in hiding on January 10, 1944. Abraham and his family lived in Amsterdam when German forces occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. His family members were all arrested and deported between October 1942 and May 1943. Abraham was arrested in August 1943, and escaped twice from transport trains to Westerbork transit camp. The second time, he escaped with a pregnant woman, whose friend gave Abraham money to travel north to Friesland. In October, Abraham w...

  15. Drawing of a man at a spinning wheel done in hiding by a Dutch Jewish man

    1. Abraham Rijksman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47222
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm) | Width: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Colored pencil drawing of Mr. de Lintrekker working at a spinning wheel in a Dutch family’s farmhouse near Genum (Ginnum), Netherlands, created by Abraham Rijksman while in hiding on January 10, 1944. Abraham and his family lived in Amsterdam when German forces occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. His family members were all arrested and deported between October 1942 and May 1943. Abraham was arrested in August 1943, and escaped twice from transport trains to Westerbork transit camp. The second time, he escaped with a pregnant woman, whose friend gave Abraham money to travel north to Fries...

  16. Drawing of farmhouse and trees done in hiding by a Dutch Jewish man

    1. Abraham Rijksman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47226
    • English
    • pictorial area: Height: 7.375 inches (18.733 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) overall: Height: 11.750 inches (29.845 cm) | Width: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Colored pencil drawing of a Dutch family’s farm near Genum (Ginnum), Netherlands, created by Abraham Rijksman while in hiding on January 6, 1944. Abraham and his family lived in Amsterdam when German forces occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. His family members were all arrested and deported between October 1942 and May 1943. Abraham was arrested in August 1943, and escaped twice from transport trains to Westerbork transit camp. The second time, he escaped with a pregnant woman, whose friend gave Abraham money to travel north to Friesland. In October, Abraham was forced to flee his first ...

  17. Gold bracelet made from melted-down coins owned by an Austrian Lutheran émigré

    Gold bracelet designed by Elizabeth Deutschhausen and commissioned by her parents before she fled Vienna, Austria in 1939. The bracelet was made using 98.6-percent gold from Austrian ducats (coins), which were melted-down and repurposed into panels depicting different Alpine flowers. Elizabeth and her husband, Lutheran Pastor Wilhelm Deutschhausen, were living in Vienna when Germany annexed Austria during the March 1938 “Anschluss.” Many in the Austrian Protestant Church, which included Lutheranism, supported the creation of the “Reich Church” in Germany and a “nazified” version of Christia...

  18. Silver plaque with an engraved inscription presented to a Jewish woman for charitable work

    1. Bagriansky-Zerner family collection and Edwin Geist collection

    Silver wall plate preserved by Rosian Zerner. It is inscribed to her maternal grandmother Anna Blumenthal Chason by the Ostjudischen Vereins [Eastern Jewish Association] of Free State Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland) in January 1930. Anna, her husband Julius, and three of their four children immigrated to Palestine on October 24, 1935. This was the day after the birth of Anna's first granddaughter Rosian, to her daughter Gerta Bagriansky in Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania. After Germany's defeat in World War I (1914-1918), Danzig, previously part of West Prussia, was designated a Free City. It was the...

  19. Silver basket with floral emblem presented for charitable work

    1. Bagriansky-Zerner family collection and Edwin Geist collection

    Elaborate, silver repousse basket preserved by Rosian Zerner. It is inscribed to her maternal grandmother Anna Blumenthal Chason by the Ostjudischen Vereins [Eastern Jewish Association] of Free State Danzig (now Gdansk, Poland) in February 1930. Anna, her husband Julius, and three of their four children immigrated to Palestine on October 24, 1935. This was the day after the birth of her first granddaughter Rosian, to Anna's daughter Gerta Bagriansky in Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania. After Germany's defeat in World War I (1914-1918), Danzig, previously part of West Prussia, was designated a Free...

  20. Small wooden barrel with a door from the home where a Jewish child lived in hiding

    1. Alfred Munzer collection

    Small wooden barrel given to Alfred Munzer by the Madna family who gave him a safe hiding place in The Hague, Netherlands, from September 1942 - May 1945. The barrel was used as a liquor cabinet by Tole Madna, Alfred’s foster father. The Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany in May 1940. Alfred's father Simcha was ordered to report for labor service in May 1942. He managed to get himself committed to a psychiatric hospital to avoid deportation. His wife, Gisele, placed their two daughters, Eva, 6, and Liane, 3, in hiding with a Catholic family, the Jansens. In September 1942, nine month ...