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Displaying items 2,981 to 3,000 of 3,431
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  1. Engraved medallion presented to Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, head of the Jewish Council, by bakers in the Łódź ghetto

    Large engraved badge presented to Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski, the Älteste der Juden [Elder of the Jews] of the Litzmannstadt (formerly Łódź) ghetto in 1943 by the workers of bakery number 7, in recognition of his management of their bakery. It was acquired in postwar Germany by a United States serviceman. The ghetto was established in early February 1940 by the Germans following their occupation of Poland in September 1939. An Ältestenrat [Council of Elders] was appointed to administer ghetto services. Prewar Łódź was a thriving industrial city and the ghetto became an important manufacturin...

  2. Stephan H. Lewy papers

    1. Stephan H. Lewy collection

    Consists of two pieces of written testimony entitled, "The year 1938....A year in my life I would like to forget," and "Return to Berlin, Germany After 58 Years," both written by Stephan Lewy. "The Year 1938" includes information about acquiring a prayer book and camera, along with images of each item (also part of the donation). Also includes a photograph of boys living in the Auerbach orphanage in Berlin, circa 1905; the train tickets and insurance his father and stepmother purchased to escape from Germany to France in 1939; a 1942 ORT certificate for training undertaken by Stephan in the...

  3. Soviet parade; beach; Kharkov Trial verdict; US soldiers in Paris

    Title: UNIVERSAL NEWSREEL. SOVIET PARADES ITS ARMED MIGHT IN RECORD REVIEW. MOSCOW, U.S.S.R. Infantry units march in formation in Moscow’s Red Square. Soviet officers salute from platforms above. Narrator describes this as the “greatest display of might and power ever staged by Soviet Russia.” Artillery, motorcycles and tanks speed by, all meant to show the success of Russia’s mass production. Josef Stalin speaks and looks at the planes of the Russian Air Force flying in formation above. The narrator declares the parade “an assurance to communists and a warning to Russia’s enemies.” Men and...

  4. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, saved by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Alfred Fabian collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, value 2 [zwei] kronen, acquired by Alfred Fabian, an inmate in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 1943-October 1944. Currency was confiscated from deportees and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to create a currency for exchange only in the camp. This was to create an illusion of normalcy and there was little to buy. On May 17, 1943, Alfred, wife Ruth, 5 year old daughter Ingrid, and Alfred’s mother Erna were deported to Theresienstadt. On October 12, 1944, the family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center, where Ruth, ...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, saved by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Alfred Fabian collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, value 20 [zwanzig] kronen, acquired by Alfred Fabian, an inmate in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 1943-October 1944. Currency was confiscated from deportees and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to create a currency for exchange only in the camp. This was to create an illusion of normalcy and there was little to buy. On May 17, 1943, Alfred, wife Ruth, 5 year old daughter Ingrid, and Alfred’s mother Erna were deported to Theresienstadt. On October 12, 1944, the family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center, where Ru...

  6. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, saved by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Alfred Fabian collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, value 100 [eine hundert] kronen, acquired by Alfred Fabian, an inmate in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 1943-October 1944. Currency was confiscated from deportees and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to create a currency for exchange only in the camp. This was to create an illusion of normalcy and there was little to buy. On May 17, 1943, Alfred, wife Ruth, 5 year old daughter Ingrid, and Alfred’s mother Erna were deported to Theresienstadt. On October 12, 1944, the family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center, wh...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, saved by a former German Jewish inmate

    1. Alfred Fabian collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, value 10 [zehn] kronen, acquired by Alfred Fabian, an inmate in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 1943-October 1944. Currency was confiscated from deportees and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to create a currency for exchange only in the camp. This was to create an illusion of normalcy and there was little to buy. On May 17, 1943, Alfred, wife Ruth, 5 year old daughter Ingrid, and Alfred’s mother Erna were deported to Theresienstadt. On October 12, 1944, the family was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau killing center, where Ruth,...

  8. Leather wallet used by German Jewish refugees

    1. Annemarie Warschauer family collection

    Leather document case used by Annemarie Warschauer, 19, or a family member when they left Germany for Shanghai, China, in 1940. The Nazi regime took power in 1933 and anti-Jewish policies to persecute Jews became law. In 1936, a Nazi thugs took her father from their home and killed him. In 1938, Annemarie married Egon Israelski. A few weeks later Egon was assigned to a forced labor camp and Annemarie volunteered to go with him. When Egon was injured, she had to work in a factory. After they promised to leave Germany, they were released from labor service. Along with Annemarie's mother and h...

  9. Leather passport holder with Weimar eagle used by German Jewish refugees

    1. Annemarie Warschauer family collection

    Passport holder with a Weimar eagle used by Annemarie Warschauer, 19, or a family member when they left Germany for Shanghai, China, in 1940. The Nazi regime took power in 1933 and anti-Jewish policies to persecute Jews became law. In 1936, a Nazi thugs took her father from their home and killed him. In 1938, Annemarie married Egon Israelski. A few weeks later Egon was assigned to a forced labor camp and Annemarie volunteered to go with him. When Egon was injured, she had to work in a factory. After they promised to leave Germany, they were released from labor service. Along with Annemarie'...

  10. Single head tefillin

    1. Annemarie Warschauer family collection

    Head tefillin saved by Annemarie Warschauer that was used by a family member. Annemarie and her family lived on an estate near Berlin, Germany. The Nazi regime took power in 1933 and anti-Jewish policies to persecute Jews became law. In 1936, Nazi thugs took her father from their home and killed him. In 1938, Annemarie married Egon Israelski. A few weeks later Egon was assigned to a forced labor camp and Annemarie volunteered to go with him. When Egon was injured, she had to work in a factory. After they promised to leave Germany, they were released from labor service. In 1940, with Annemar...

  11. Single hand tefillin

    1. Annemarie Warschauer family collection

    Hand tefillin saved by Annemarie Warschauer that was used by a family member. Annemarie and her family lived on an estate near Berlin, Germany. The Nazi regime took power in 1933 and anti-Jewish policies to persecute Jews became law. In 1936, Nazi thugs took her father from their home and killed him. In 1938, Annemarie married Egon Israelski. A few weeks later Egon was assigned to a forced labor camp and Annemarie volunteered to go with him. When Egon was injured, she had to work in a factory. After they promised to leave Germany, they were released from labor service. In 1940, with Annemar...

  12. Single head tefillin

    1. Annemarie Warschauer family collection

    Head tefillin saved by Annemarie Warschauer that was used by a family member. Annemarie and her family lived on an estate near Berlin, Germany. The Nazi regime took power in 1933 and anti-Jewish policies to persecute Jews became law. In 1936, Nazi thugs took her father from their home and killed him. In 1938, Annemarie married Egon Israelski. A few weeks later Egon was assigned to a forced labor camp and Annemarie volunteered to go with him. When Egon was injured, she had to work in a factory. After they promised to leave Germany, they were released from labor service. In 1940, with Annemar...

  13. Tefillin bag

    1. Annemarie Warschauer family collection

    Beaded tefillin bag saved by Annemarie Warschauer that was used by a family member. Annemarie and her family lived on an estate near Berlin, Germany. The Nazi regime took power in 1933 and anti-Jewish policies to persecute Jews became law. In 1936, Nazi thugs took her father from their home and killed him. In 1938, Annemarie married Egon Israelski. A few weeks later Egon was assigned to a forced labor camp and Annemarie volunteered to go with him. When Egon was injured, she had to work in a factory. After they promised to leave Germany, they were released from labor service. In 1940, with A...

  14. Lisette Lamon and Benjamin Soep papers

    The Lisette Lamon and Benjamin Soep papers include biographical materials, correspondence, and personal narratives documenting Lisette and Benno Soep’s marriage, Benno’s imprisonment and death at Mauthausen, Lisette’s imprisonment at Westerbork and Bergen-Belsen, and her immigration to the United States. The collection also includes photographs stamped "International News Photos” taken in Nazi Germany depicting Hitler and senior members of his staff, Kristallnacht, book burnings, firing squads, and hangings in the forest near the Buchenwald concentration camp. Biographical materials include...

  15. Synagogues and Jewish businesses in Paris; summer camp for children

    The facade of a synagogue in Paris' 18th Arrondissement. Daily life in the surrounding bustling neighborhood, signs of many businesses include French and Hebrew script. Trash fills the gutters and cars and horse-drawn carts share the street. Scenes of an outdoor flea market at the nearby Porte de Clignancourt. Two uniformed soldiers march through the market. A view of the Sacre-Coeur basilica rising above the rooftops of the neighborhood. 01:02:32 Children on a beach at a summer camp on the Ile de Ré, off the coast of La Rochelle, in France. Their fists raised, interact with filmmaker Rober...

  16. Jacob and Bela Gutman photographs

    1. Jacob Gutman collection

    The collection consists of five photographs relating to the experiences of Jacob and Bela b. Milstein Gutman in 1941 in the ghetto in Radom, Poland; two photographs of the Gutmans' wedding on January 29,1946, at the DP camp in Mittenwald, Germany; and a portrait of Bela smuggled by her from Blizyn concentration camp to Jacob who was working at the KZ "Truppen Wirschafts Lager der Waffen SS" in Wałowa, Poland The portrait of Bela was smuggled to Jacob behind a small, round mirror contained in a plastic case, the method that they used to send letters to each other. Jacob sewed the photo into ...

  17. Eva Anker papers

    1. George Fogelson collection

    The papers consist of one photographic postcard of Eva Anker [donor's maternal aunt] and two packing lists for Eva Anker.

  18. Prayer book

    Prayer book given to David Bajer, 25, on a 1947 trip to Amsterdam, Netherlands. He went inside a synagogue and the rabbi gave him a set of tefillin to use and to keep and David picked up this prayer book as well. David was the only survivor from a very devout family from Kozienice, Poland. Although he lost faith in Judaism during the Holocaust, he kept this siddur with him as a talisman for seventy years. He decided to donate the book to the Museum, but brought the book to the Museum for three weeks in a row before he finally had the courage to donate it on May 31, 2017. Kozienice was occup...

  19. Barbie Trial -- Day 15 -- Elie Wiesel and two other witnesses testify

    15:02 Witness Elie Wiesel testifies, describing the particular emotional challenges of life in the camps as a child; Prosecutor Jakubowicz asks the witness to give his opinion on the definition of a crime against humanity 15:09 Mr. Wiesel describes genocide as, "a philosophy, more than a war strategy." He describes the uniqueness of the Nazi genocide, and explains his opinion that we should never compare it to other genocidal acts, because "to compare is to minimize." He comments on France's complicity in the Holocaust, saying that France's actions should be put to trial, but not in conjunc...

  20. Steven Vogel papers

    1. Steven Vogel collection

    The collection documents the Holocaust experiences of Steven Vogel of Budapest, Hungary including his deportations to the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Mauthausen concentration camps and his immigration to the United States in 1945. Included are pre-war identification documents of Steven, his parents Ödön and Vilma (née Deutsch) Vogel, and other relatives in the Vogel and Deutsch families; birth certificates; report cards; immigration paperwork; tax and selective service forms; family history; an oral history interview transcript; restitution claims; and correspondence. Included with the correspon...