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Displaying items 2,581 to 2,600 of 3,431
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  1. Bar of soap from Stutthof labor-concentration camp given to a Polish Holocaust survivor

    1. Foterek Sperling collection

    Bar of soap issued to Czeslaw Foterek while imprisoned in Stutthof labor-concentration camp, later given to Helen Sperling (Hinda Kacenelenbogen) by a friend. The soap was used in the concentration camp and the inmates believed that it was made from human fat, although this was not true. Czeslaw Foterek was a Roman Catholic living in Gdynia, Poland. After the Germans invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, he was arrested by the Gestapo on September 19, and taken to Stutthof on November 9. There he worked as a slave laborer for the German Equipment Works until his release on March 28, 1945. Hi...

  2. Bar of soap from Stutthof labor-concentration camp given to a Polish Holocaust survivor

    1. Foterek Sperling collection

    Bar of soap issued to Czeslaw Foterek while imprisoned in Stutthof labor-concentration camp, later given to Helen Sperling (Hinda Kacenelenbogen) by a friend. The soap was used in the concentration camp and the inmates believed that it was made from human fat, although this was not true. Czeslaw Foterek was a Roman Catholic living in Gdynia, Poland. After the Germans invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, he was arrested by the Gestapo on September 19, and taken to Stutthof on November 9. There he worked as a slave laborer for the German Equipment Works until his release on March 28, 1945. Hi...

  3. Concentration camp uniform dress with number 94593 worn by a German Jewish inmate

    Concentration camp uniform dress worn by Hannah Lenschitzki in Kaiserwald, Stutthof, and Thorn concentration camps from April 1943 to January 1945. It has a white patch with her Stutthof prisoner number, 94593. On December 15, 1941, Hannah, 19, and her mother Rosa were deported from Hannover to Riga ghetto in Latvia. In April 1943, they were sent to Kaiserwald concentration camp in Riga. Hannah and Rosa were separated and Hannah worked in an AEG factory. In September 1944, Hannah was sent to Stutthof concentration camp in Danzig, Germany, where she was reunited with Rosa. Hannah was sent to...

  4. Hand-embroidered child's vest made by a Polish Jewish woman

    1. Sara Lamhaut Boucart collection

    Hand-embroidered child’s vest sent to Sara Lamhaut in Brussels, Belgium, by her grandmother, Rykla Goldwasser, in Łódź, Poland. Sara was born in Brussels in 1931, to Polish parents, Icek and Chana Lamhaut. After Belgium was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Chana and Icek began participating in resistance activities, including covertly printing Jewish newspapers in their apartment. On May 26, 1942, Chana and Icek were taken into custody by gestapo and SS officers. Icek was released, but Chana was imprisoned and tortured for six months in the Saint Gilles prison. She was then sent to the Mec...

  5. Mordechai Podchlebnik - Chelmno

    Mordechai (Michael) Podchlebnik recognized the corpses of his wife and children when unloading bodies from a gas van at Chelmno. He was a witness at many postwar trials, including the Eichmann trial. He tells Lanzmann of his escape from Chelmno and how he tried to inform people about Chelmno, but he was not believed at first, until his story was corroborated by another escaped prisoner. FILM ID 3294 -- Camera Rolls #1-7 -- 01:00:16 to 01:32:27 Lanzmann is seated with Podchlebnik at a table surrounded by windows. Off camera is an interpreter, Fanny Apfelbaum. The tape jumps frequently and th...

  6. Gans family papers

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    The collection relates to the Gans family, originally of Borken, Germany. It includes photographs of pre-war life, including a photograph album depicting a day in the life of the three Gans boys. The majority of the collection consists of correspondence, mainly from Anita Lamm in the United States to Manfred Gans, then a member of the British military. Also includes documentation and correspondence related to the wartime experiences of Moritz and Else Gans, who were deported to Westerbork and Bergen-Belsen, and liberated from Theresienstadt. Includes Moritz’s diary, into which he made short...

  7. Luftwaffe paratrooper badge with a yellow eagle acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Luftwaffe (German Air Force) paratrooper badge, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. This type of patch was issued to German paratroopers who had successfully completed six jumps. Gans took the badge from a prisoner who claimed to have been the driver for Erwin Rommel during his command of the German forces in North Africa from 1941-1943. He sent the badge in a letter dated 27 October 1944 to his friend, Anita Lamm, who had immigrated to the United States. For Anita, the badge symbolized hope for vi...

  8. Belgium, 10 francs or 2 belga note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Bank note, valued at 10 francs, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German-Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. Manfred’s troop served in Belgium during the fall of 1944 and he placed this note into his Soldier’s Book. The note was a special issue distributed by the National Bank of Belgium after allied forces liberated the country from German occupation in 1944. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien...

  9. Certificate of Citizenship document case belonging to a German Jewish refugee couple

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    “Certificate of Citizenship” document case owned by Anita Lamm and Manfred Gans, German-Jewish refugees who became United States citizens in 1945 and 1955. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred’s father helped Anita and her parents immigrate to the United States, and Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien, arrested, and sent to an internment camp on the Isle of Man. Manfred later enlisted in the British Army, where he spent two years assigned to a labor unit before being recruite...

  10. Radzinowicz family papers

    1. Radzinowicz family collection

    The Radzinowicz family collection consists of post-war memoirs written by Anatol Radzinowicz describing his experiences in German-occupied Poland during the Holocaust; a diary written in hiding by Zofia Rabinowicz in Bialystok in 1944, after her husband’s arrest; pre-war photographs of their birth families (Rabinowicz and Rozenberg families of Łódź) and post war photographs of their own family; and wartime correspondence from Zofia Radzinowicz’s sister, Estera Rozenberg, sent from the Warsaw ghetto (1940-1941) and from a French internment camp (1943). The Memoirs series contains two types...

  11. Women’s blue cloth and wood sandals worn by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn628048
    • English
    • a: Height: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) b: Height: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)

    Pair of shoes worn by Leonie Roualet, while she was interned in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France from September 1942 through September 1944. Leonie was born in New York to Leonie Calmesse and Henry Charles Roualet, French champagne vintners who had immigrated to the United States in the 1890s. In the 1930s, Leonie’s mother returned to France to take care of her ailing brother. While caring for her brother, she too became sick, and in 1939 Leonie traveled to France to take care of her mother and her uncle. In May 1940, Germany invaded France and occupied the northern half of ...

  12. Watercolor painting of people in line for lunch acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the dining room during lunch at Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Associati...

  13. Watercolor painting of women collecting Red Cross packages acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of women receiving Red Cross packages at Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Ass...

  14. Watercolor painting of a standing woman acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of a woman in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), where she took c...

  15. Multi-colored, cloth document cover used by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Cloth document cover, used by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Margarete and Karel, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested by the Gestapo and detained in Pankrác prison in Prague. On December 3, Karel was sent to Theresienstadt, where he was killed on the 18th in the Small Fortress. On November 20, 1942, Margarete, Michael, and Marietta were sent to the ghetto-labor camp aboard transport Cc. Marietta worke...

  16. Deggendorf displaced persons camp scrip, 10-cent note, acquired by a former German Jewish prisoner

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 cents, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein while he lived in the Deggendorf displaced persons (DP) camp after World War II. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1942. In 1943, Heinz was among 250 young men deported to Wulkow near Berlin for a work detail. After a year, Heinz returned to the ghetto to find that his mother and sisters were gone; all but one of his sisters was deported to and killed at Auschwitz. Heinz was then deported to the town of Hof in Germany for a month, before being force marc...

  17. Deggendorf displaced persons camp scrip, 10-cent note, acquired by a former German Jewish prisoner

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 cents, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein while he lived in the Deggendorf displaced persons (DP) camp after World War II. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1942. In 1943, Heinz was among 250 young men deported to Wulkow near Berlin for a work detail. After a year, Heinz returned to the ghetto to find that his mother and sisters were gone; all but one of his sisters was deported to and killed at Auschwitz. Heinz was then deported to the town of Hof in Germany for a month, before being force marc...

  18. Deggendorf displaced persons camp scrip, 1 dollar note, acquired by a former German Jewish prisoner

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 dollar, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein while he lived in the Deggendorf displaced persons (DP) camp after World War II. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1942. In 1943, Heinz was among 250 young men deported to Wulkow near Berlin for a work detail. After a year, Heinz returned to the ghetto to find that his mother and sisters were gone; all but one of his sisters was deported to and killed at Auschwitz. Heinz was then deported to the town of Hof in Germany for a month, before being force marc...

  19. Red and black plastic cigarette holder used by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Frank Meissner family collection

    Cigarette holder used by Franz Meissner. Frank, age 16, left Czechoslovakia in October 1939 because of the increasing Nazi persecution of Jews as Czechoslovakia was dismembered by Nazi Germany and its allies. With the encouragement of his family, he left for Denmark with members of Youth Aliyah, a organization that helped people to emigrate to Palestine. In 1943, the Germans began to deport all Jews from Denmark. Frank was warned that the Gestapo was looking for him and he was smuggled on a fishing boat to Sweden. He had been receiving weekly letters from his family, even after their deport...

  20. Transmitter hardware placed on a workbench used to conceal a Jewish family’s hiding place

    1. Stefan Petri collection

    Transmitter hardware placed on a workbench that concealed one of the hiding places Stefan Petri built in his home in Wawer, Poland. Stefan, his wife, Janina, and their son, Marian, were Polish Catholics. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland and began subjugating the Polish people. Uncertain of what might occur, Stefan built a basement hiding place concealed by a cabinet. In mid-1942, the Germans deported 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to Treblinka killing center. Stefan learned that his Jewish dentist and friend, Dr. Szapiro, his wife Ela, and their adult sons, Jerzy and Marek ...