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Displaying items 241 to 260 of 3,219
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Language of Description: German
Language of Description: English

  1. Sammlung Berlin Document Center (BDC): Personenbezogene Unterlagen der Reichskulturkammer (RKK)

    Bestandsbeschreibung personebezogene Unterlagen der Reichskulturkammer Zitierweise BArch R 9361-V/...

  2. Star of David badge printed Jude worn by a German Jewish woman

    1. Emma Jonas family collection

    Star of David badge worn by Emma Jonas, circa 1942, in Berlin, Germany, to identify her as a Jew. The Star was carefully cut out and handstitched so the outline shows on the front as required. The Nazi regime decreed on September 1941 that Jews must wear Judenstern at all times to humiliate them and mark them as outcasts from German society. After Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, Emma, her husband Martin, and daughter Helga, 13, tried but failed to get visas for the family to leave Berlin. They then got Helga passage on a Kindertransport to England on March 2, 1939. Emma and Martin were ...

  3. Concentration camp uniform cap worn by a Polish Jewish inmate

    1. Marek Watnicki collection

    Striped concentration uniform cap worn by Mieczyslaw Watnicki in Auschwitz concentration camp from late 1940 until his liberation in Germany in May 1945. The pants have a red badge with the letter P, indicating that Mieczyslaw was a Polish political prisoner. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Mieczyslaw lived in Warsaw under a false identity as a non-Jew. He was arrested in late 1940 for falsifying identity papers, but the Gestapo did not discover that he was Jewish. He was sent to Auschwitz as a Polish political prisoner and assigned prisoner number 137605. In late 1944 or ea...

  4. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arreste...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested...

  6. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested...

  7. Moonrise in an oasis Watercolor of an oasis with animals made for a German Jewish camp inmate

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn517369
    • English
    • overall: Height: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm) | Width: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm) pictorial area: Height: 8.125 inches (20.638 cm) | Width: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm)

    Humorous drawing of animals in an oasis inscribed to Hildegard Henschel and given to her husband Moritz in April 1944, when they were prisoners in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Moritz was an influential lawyer in Berlin when Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. As government persecution of Jews intensified, Moritz and Hildegard sent their daughters Marianne, 15, to Palestine and Lilly, 13, to England in 1939. Moritz was on the board of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, created by the Nazi government in February 1939 to organize Jewish affairs. The Association was eve...

  8. Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto scrip, 10 mark coin

    1. Marek Watnicki collection

    10 mark Litzmannstadt coin owned by Mieczyslaw Watnicki, although when or how he acquired it is unknown. This type of coin was issued in Łódź Ghetto in German occupied Poland in 1943. Currency was not allowed in the ghetto, and scrip was issued for use only there. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Mieczyslaw lived in Warsaw under a false identity as a non-Jew. He was arrested in late 1940 for falsifying identity papers, but the Gestapo did not discover that he was Jewish. He was sent to Auschwitz as a Polish political prisoner and assigned prisoner number 137605. In late 1944 ...

  9. Evening of Dance Text only red poster for a dance and concert performance by members of the St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra

    1. Sonia Beker collection

    Broadside preserved by Fania Durmashkin announcing a dance and concert performance featuring Wenery (Venus) Henny Durmashkin and members of the St. Ottilien ex-concentration camp orchestra in the American occupation zone in Germany. It is to take place at the City Theatre on Sunday, November 16, 1947, at 7:00. The St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra, also known as the orchestra of survivors, formed at the DP camp in 1945, and performed Yiddish and Hebrew music and classical works in wartorn cities in the US and British occupied zones throguh 1948/9. Fania, a pianist, and her sister Hen...

  10. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The scrip was issued in the camp his parents had been deported to in 1943 and he placed this note into his Soldier’s Book. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien, arrested, and sent to an internment camp on the Isle of Man. Manfred later...

  11. Text only poster for a performance by St. Ottilien DP orchestra

    1. Sonia Beker collection

    Broadside preserved by Fania Durmashkin advertising a performance by the Venus (Wenery) Durmaszkin (Henny) and a student ballet and folk dance ensemble in the American zone of occupation in postwar Germany. It was to be held on June 16, 1949, at 7:30 pm in the Mining House. Members of the St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra, also known as the ex-concentration camp orchestra, or orchestra of survivors, were also on the program. From 1945-1948, this group performed Yiddish and Hebrew music and classical works in wartorn cities in the US and British zones. Henia, a folk and opera singer, ...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested ...

  13. Text only yellow poster for a performance by members of the St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra

    1. Sonia Beker collection

    Broadside preserved by Fania Durmashkin advertising a concert and dance performance by members of the St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra, also known as the ex-concentration camp orchestra, or orchestra of survivors, formed at the St. Ottilien DP camp in Germany. From 1945-1948, they performed Yiddish and Hebrew music and classical works to audiences throughout wartorn cities in the US and British occupied zones. Fania, a pianist, and Henia, a folk and opera singer, members of the orchestra, were the only survivors of a wellknown musical family from Vilna, Poland (Vilnius, Lithuania).T...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  15. Envelope fragment with two stamps acquired by a Roman Catholic Polish youth

    1. Hermanowski family collection

    Envelope fragment with two stamps issued in 1943 by the Polish government-in-exile, while based in London, England, and acquired by Wojciech Hermanowski. These are two of the eight second-issue stamps, which were only valid in friendly and neutral nations, such as Great Britain. The stamps helped raise money for the Ministry of Finance, and were used as propaganda to remind the public that the Polish military was still fighting, even while their territory was occupied by Germany. Wojciech was a Roman Catholic boy living with his parents, Jan and Stanislawa, and his older brother, Andrzej, i...

  16. Ehud Avriel

    Ehud Avriel was born in Vienna and became active in escape and rescue operations after the Germans invaded. He continued this work once he reached Palestine in 1939. Avriel later held several positions in the Israeli government. FILM ID 3100 -- Camera Rolls #1-4 -- 01:00:07 to 01:33:11 Roll 1 01:00:07 Ehud Avriel sits in a chair in front of a window overlooking the ocean, most likely in a hotel or office in Tel Aviv, Israel. Claude Lanzmann remains off camera while he asks Avriel questions about the missions he was involved in during the war. Avriel was part of a group of emissaries called ...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June ...

  18. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  19. Mica flakes cut by a German Jewish female slave laborer

    1. Emma Jonas family collection

    Mica flakes from the glimmer [mica] factory near Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp where Emma Jonas was a slave laborer. The work of splitting the mineral mica into flakes was hazardous and created a dust that caused lung diseases among the workers. Emma was deported from Berlin and imprisoned in Theresienstadt in German occupied Czechoslovakia from November 1944 to May 1945. After Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, Emma, her husband Martin, and daughter Helga, 13, tried but failed to get visas for the family to leave Berlin. They then got Helga passage on a Kindertransport to England on Ma...

  20. WWI Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with Swords and fitted box awarded to a German Jewish veteran

    1. Maier Firnbacher family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43004
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Depth: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) c: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm)

    Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with Swords and fitted case of issue awarded to Maier Firnbacher in 1916 for bravery while serving in the German Army during World War I. Maier was a cattle trader in Straubing, Germany, when Hitler came to power in 1933. Jews were forbidden to practice certain professions and, in 1936, Maier's trading license was revoked. In 1938, he was forced to sell his farmland at a loss to a non-Jew. He got immigration visas for the United States for himself, his wife, Ida, and their 8 year old son, Manfred, then was arrested during Kristallnacht on November 10. He was r...