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Displaying items 2,701 to 2,720 of 3,219
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Language of Description: German
Language of Description: English

  1. “Selection” Print 11 from a set of reproduced sketches by a French artist and concentration camp prisoner

    Print reproduction of a sketch, from a set of fifteen, depicting prisoners wrapped in blankets in a barrack being selected for an unknown labor detail by a Kapo and ghetto police officers at Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France, and published in 1946. The sketches were originally created in secret in the camp by Henri Gayot and the published set includes an introduction by Roger LaPorte: both members of the French resistance and prisoners in Natzweiler. Both men were marked “Nacht and Nebel”, individuals presenting a threat to German security that had been abducted in the middle...

  2. The stake Print 10 from a set of reproduced sketches by a French artist and concentration camp prisoner

    Print reproduction of a sketch, from a set of fifteen, depicting a guard watching six individual prisoners being punished by standing outside in the snow and cold until they collapse at Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France, and published in 1946. A few of the prisoners are identified with NN (Nacht und Nebel [night and fog]) on their uniforms. The sketches were originally created in secret in the camp by Henri Gayot and the published set includes an introduction by Roger LaPorte: both members of the French resistance and prisoners in Natzweiler. Both men were marked “Nacht and N...

  3. Back to work Print 7 from a set of reproduced sketches by a French artist and concentration camp prisoner

    Print reproduction of a sketch, from a set of fifteen, depicting prisoners carrying exhausted, injured, or dead prisoners so that the same number of men are present at the end of the day as at the beginning at Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France, and published in 1946. A few of the prisoners are identified with NN (Nacht und Nebel [night and fog]) on their uniforms. The sketches were originally created in secret in the camp by Henri Gayot and the published set includes an introduction by Roger LaPorte: both members of the French resistance and prisoners in Natzweiler. Both men ...

  4. Cover for a portfolio of 15 reproduced sketches by a French artist and concentration camp prisoner

    Portfolio cover for a set of secretly created prisoner sketches from Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France, which were reproduced, engraved, and published in 1946. The originals were created by Henri Gayot and the introduction was written by Roger LaPorte: both members of the French resistance and prisoners in Natzweiler. The sketches depict daily camp life and prisoner abuse, particularly for prisoners like Gayot and LaPorte, who were marked as Nacht und Nebel (NN) [night and fog], and were meant to “vanish” in the camp. LaPorte was arrested by the German Sipo in February 1943 a...

  5. Hangings Print 14 from a set of reproduced sketches by a French artist and concentration camp prisoner

    Print reproduction of a sketch, from a set of fifteen, depicting two prisoners being hanged from scaffolds in front of the entire camp under the direction of the commander and SS doctor at Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France, and published in 1946. A few of the prisoners are identified with NN (Nacht und Nebel [night and fog]) on their uniforms. The sketches were originally created in secret in the camp by Henri Gayot and the published set includes an introduction by Roger LaPorte: both members of the French resistance and prisoners in Natzweiler. Both men were marked “Nacht an...

  6. Blue, white and yellow Jewish Relief Unit Star of David badge worn by a German Jewish nurse

    JRU [Jewish Relief Unit] Star of David shaped pin worn by 26 year old Alice Redlich while working as a nurse at Bergen Belsen displaced persons camp. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice had left Germany in 1938 to study nursing in Great Britain. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, arrived with Team 110 in Bergen-Belsen. She cared for infants, children and young women, and taught hygiene. When Alice left Berlin, she left behind her parents Ella and Georg and younger ...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee in the British army

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, acquired by Manfred Gans, a German Jewish refugee who served as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The scrip was issued in the camp his parents had been deported to in 1943 and he placed this note into his Soldier’s Book. In 1938, to escape Nazi-controlled Germany, Manfred immigrated to England. After Great Britain declared war against Germany on September 3, 1939, he was classified as an enemy alien, arrested, and sent to an internment camp on the Isle of Man. Manfred later...

  8. British Army paratrooper's jacket worn in combat by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Manfred and Anita Lamm Gans family collection

    British Airborne paratrooper's Denison jacket with a camouflage pattern worn by 22 year old Manfred Gans, a Jewish refugee from Germany, while serving as a Marine Commando for the British Army from May 1944 to May 1945. The Denison smock was designed with an adjustable tail flap, and worn over standard battle dress to keep gear secured when a paratrooper deployed his parachute. In January 1933, Adolf Hitler became the chancellor of Germany and implemented anti-Jewish laws. In July 1938, Manfred went to England. On September 3, 1939, Great Britain declared war against Germany, and Manfred wa...

  9. Watercolor painting of a line for wood and coal acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the line for wood and coal at Hotel Central in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Chri...

  10. Watercolor painting of a crowd gathered in front of a decorative building in Vittel internment camp acquired by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection

    Watercolor painting of the package line in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France, originally owned by Gertrude Hamilton and eventually given to Leonie Roualet. Gertrude and Leonie became friends while interned together in Vittel. Both women were from the United States, but were living in France when Germany invaded in May 1940. Leonie was taking care of ailing relatives, while Gertrude worked as an ambulance driver for the American Hospital in Paris. In July 1941, Gertrude started working for the bureau for civilians set up by the YMCA (Young Men’s Christian Association), where s...

  11. The Crematorium Print 15 from a set of reproduced sketches by a French artist and concentration camp prisoner

    Print reproduction of a sketch, from a set of fifteen, depicting a truckload of dead prisoners being carried in to the crematorium in September 1944 at Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in France, and published in 1946. The sketches were originally created in secret in the camp by Henri Gayot and the published set includes an introduction by Roger LaPorte: both members of the French resistance and prisoners in Natzweiler. Both men were marked “Nacht and Nebel”, individuals presenting a threat to German security that had been abducted in the middle of the night and were meant to be “van...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arreste...

  13. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested ...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested...

  15. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrest...

  16. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arreste...

  17. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arreste...

  18. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum

    1. Marietta Gruenbaum collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, acquired by Marietta Gruenbaum, a Jewish-Czechoslovakian girl who was held in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Before Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in 1939, Marietta lived in Prague with her parents, Karel and Margarete, and her brother, Michael. In October 1941, Karel was arrested...

  19. FK monogrammed leather document case made by a Jewish Hungarian woman

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Leather document case with wallet pockets made by Anna Gondos in the early 1940’s when she had to support herself and her daughter Judit, age 7, while her husband Bela was away in the Hungarian forced labor service. She carried it when she was deported from Budapest to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and Judit in June 1944. The FK monogram suggests that the wallet was made for someone but was never purchased. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked in 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician...

  20. Peach chemise with floral embroidery saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Embroidered silk chemise custom made for Anna Havas for her 1934 wedding to Bela Gondos. She took it with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary, to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with Bela and their 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport ...