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Displaying items 9,981 to 10,000 of 10,126
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  1. Woman’s white cloth tailored jacket owned by a Jewish refugee during her escape from Vienna

    1. Isidor and Fanny Bieder collection

    Jacket owned by Fanny Bieder who was forced to leave Vienna, Austria, with her husband, Isidor, and their two daughters, 14 year old Frieda and 10 year old Gertrude, in 1939. She acquired the jacket for her 1933 cruise to Italy and Palestine with her husband. After the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in March 1938, anti-Jewish laws were passed and Jews were targeted for persecution. Germans raided the family’s apartment, taking most of their valuables, and a little later, Isidor’s business was confiscated. During the November Kristallnacht pogrom, Isidor was arrested and beaten. As a ...

  2. Woman's white silk dickey brought to the US by a Jewish family fleeing German occupied Poland

    1. Joan Kent Finkelstein family collection

    White silk dickey that Nadzieja Klein took with her when she, her husband, Jerzy, 3 year old daughter, Joanna, and her aunt, Elizawieta Palcew, escaped Warsaw, Poland, after living under German occupation since September 1939. Jerzy had applied for US visas in 1936 following Hitler’s remilitarization of the Rhineland, but was unsuccessful because of restrictive US entry quotas. Jerzy acquired false travel papers for roundtrip travel to Peru via Italy. The family traveled by train to Trieste where they obtained transit permits through Yugoslavia and Greece to Turkey. Up to this point, they h...

  3. Women doing their laundry, Camp de Gurs, Version III Drawing of women washing clothes at a washhouse by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn90
    • English
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 18.000 inches (45.72 cm) pictorial area: Height: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Width: 12.500 inches (31.75 cm)

    Ink drawing of women washing clothes in Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish re...

  4. Women’s American Organization for Rehabilitation through Training reporter Women's American ORT reporter (New York, New York) [Newspaper]

    1. Louis J. Walinsky collection

    Issue of the newspaper published by Women's American Ort in Mar 1972 kept by Louis Walinsky, ORT Director of vocational schools in displaced persons camps in Europe in 1947. It has an article by Jacob Olejski on ORT's work in dp camps in Germany. Olejski and Walinsky met working in dp camps. After the war ended in May 1945, ORT opened vocational training schools in dp camps. The schools trained Holocaust survivors in practical skills such as metalworking, carpentry, dress making, and mechanics, so they could establish new lives after they immigrated. Louis, a teacher and economist, was sent...

  5. Women’s blue cloth and wood sandals worn by an American internee

    1. Leonie Roualet collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn628048
    • English
    • a: Height: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) b: Height: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm)

    Pair of shoes worn by Leonie Roualet, while she was interned in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France from September 1942 through September 1944. Leonie was born in New York to Leonie Calmesse and Henry Charles Roualet, French champagne vintners who had immigrated to the United States in the 1890s. In the 1930s, Leonie’s mother returned to France to take care of her ailing brother. While caring for her brother, she too became sick, and in 1939 Leonie traveled to France to take care of her mother and her uncle. In May 1940, Germany invaded France and occupied the northern half of ...

  6. Woodcut portrait of Leo Baeck owned by a Jewish Polish girl

    1. Julie Keefer family collection

    Woodcut portrait of Leo Baeck, owned by Julie Keefer, a Jewish Polish girl who was in hiding during the Holocaust with her grandfather. Baeck was a Rabbi and intellectual theologian who emerged as an important symbolic and political leader of German Jewry before and during World War II. Baeck helped other Jews emigrate from Germany and fought for Jewish rights. In 1943 he was deported to Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto labor camp, where he gave lectures on philosophy and religion and became a leader among the camp’s Jews. In June 1941, when Julie was two months old, her hometown, Lvov, Pola...

  7. Wooden awl haft with chuck and ferrule used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Stitching awl wooden handle with fasteners to hold the needle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941,...

  8. Wooden awl haft with chuck used by a Polish Jewish refugee conscripted as a shoemaker by the Soviet Army

    1. Simon Gelbart collection

    Wooden stitching awl handle with chuck which would hold a stitching needle used by Simon Gelbart, who was conscripted into the Soviet Army from 1943-1945 because of his shoemaking skills. Simon was a master shoemaker and kept his shoemaking kit with him all through the war. After Germany invaded Poland in September 1939, Simon kept moving his family, his wife, Sara, and sons David, 9, and Haim, 5, east to escape persecution. Soon after they reached Soviet territory, the family was arrested and sent to Siberian Labor Camp #70, where a daughter was born. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union ...

  9. Wooden boot tree in 4 sections owned by a German Jewish businessman in Shanghai

    1. Adelaide and Fritz Kauffmann collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn518180
    • English
    • a: Height: 20.375 inches (51.753 cm) | Width: 3.630 inches (9.22 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) b: Height: 15.250 inches (38.735 cm) | Width: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Depth: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) c: Height: 15.375 inches (39.053 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) d: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Depth: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm)

    Wooden boot tree that belonged to Fritz Kauffmann, a German Jewish businessman, who lived in Shanghai, China, from 1931-1949. He was active in Jewish community aid efforts before and during World War II. In 1940, because of Nazi politics and the outbreak of war, he resigned from the German firm for which he worked and opened his own import/export business. He was deprived of his German citizenship in 1941 for being Jewish and living abroad. However, as a longtime resident and successful businessman in Shanghai, he was able to surmount wartime difficulties and assist the more recent Jewish r...

  10. Wooden boot tree in 4 sections owned by a German Jewish businessman in Shanghai

    1. Adelaide and Fritz Kauffmann collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn518179
    • English
    • a: Height: 20.500 inches (52.07 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) b: Height: 15.375 inches (39.053 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) c: Height: 15.375 inches (39.053 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) d: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Depth: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm)

    Wooden boot tree that belonged to Fritz Kauffmann, a German Jewish businessman, who lived in Shanghai, China, from 1931-1949. He was active in Jewish community aid efforts before and during World War II. In 1940, because of Nazi politics and the outbreak of war, he resigned from the German firm for which he worked and opened his own import/export business. He was deprived of his German citizenship in 1941 for being Jewish and living abroad. However, as a longtime resident and successful businessman in Shanghai, he was able to surmount wartime difficulties and assist the more recent Jewish r...

  11. Wooden boot tree in 4 sections with inscriptions owned by a German Jewish businessman in Shanghai

    1. Adelaide and Fritz Kauffmann collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn518177
    • English
    • a: Height: 20.000 inches (50.8 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) b: Height: 15.625 inches (39.688 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) c: Height: 15.500 inches (39.37 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) d: Height: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Width: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Depth: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm)

    Wooden boot tree that belonged to Fritz Kauffmann, a German Jewish businessman, who lived in Shanghai, China, from 1931-1949. He was active in Jewish community aid efforts before and during World War II. In 1940, because of Nazi politics and the outbreak of war, he resigned from the German firm for which he worked and opened his own import/export business. He was deprived of his German citizenship in 1941 for being Jewish and living abroad. However, as a longtime resident and successful businessman in Shanghai, he was able to surmount wartime difficulties and assist the more recent Jewish r...

  12. Wooden box owned by a Japanese aid coordinator for Jewish refugees in Shanghai

    1. Koreshige Inuzuka collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn522135
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.625 inches (11.748 cm) | Width: 13.500 inches (34.29 cm) | Depth: 11.125 inches (28.258 cm) b: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 14.125 inches (35.878 cm) | Depth: 11.625 inches (29.528 cm) c: Height: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Depth: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm)

    Dark brown, telescoping, wooden box owned by Koreshige Inuzuka, a naval Captain who served as the head of the Japanese Imperial Navy’s Advisory Bureau on Jewish Affairs in occupied Shanghai, China, from 1939 to 1943. In 1937, Japan occupied Shanghai and began to enact new policies regarding the territory’s interaction with increasing numbers of European refugees, especially Jews. As one of the Japanese military’s “Jewish experts” Koreshige was consulted to assist with refugee policies. Early in his career, he was exposed to western anti-Semitism and false claims of a Jewish plan for world d...

  13. Wooden box painted with a woman in Lithuanian folk dress given to a German Jewish refugee

    1. Hanni Sondheimer Vogelweid family collection

    Decorative box kept by 17 year old Hanni Sondheimer as a souvenir of Lithuania when she and her family fled that country in February 1941. Hanni, her parents, Moritz and Setty, and her 14 year old brother, Karl, fled Kaunas due to the Soviet occupation in 1940. They planned to emigrate to the United States, but visa restrictions made them take a difficult route through Russia to Japan. Classified as stateless refugees when they reached Japan in March 1941, they were deported to Shanghai where they survived the war in the Hongkew ghetto. Hanni married a US soldier and emigrated to the United...

  14. Wooden box with a painted Lithuanian folk scene with man given to a German Jewish refugee

    1. Hanni Sondheimer Vogelweid family collection

    Decorative box kept by 17 year old Hanni Sondheimer as a souvenir of Lithuania when she and her family fled that country in February 1941. Hanni, her parents, Moritz and Setty, and her 14 year old brother, Karl, fled Kaunas due to the Soviet occupation in 1940. They planned to emigrate to the United States, but visa restrictions made them take a difficult route through Russia to Japan. Classified as stateless refugees when they reached Japan in March 1941, they were deported to Shanghai where they survived the war in the Hongkew ghetto. Hanni married a US soldier and emigrated to the United...

  15. Wooden canvas covered trunk used by Jewish refugees

    1. Renée Schwalb Fritz collection

    Boxlike trunk used by Renee and Sima Schwalb when they emigrated in 1949 to the United States from Belgium. In 1939, Sima and 2 year old Renee fled Vienna, Austria, with eleven other family members. They traveled by foot and Sima had to carry Renee most of the way. They reached Brussels, Belgium, where a Catholic couple, the Degalas, gave them refuge. After Germany occupied Belgium in spring 1940, it became too dangerous to stay together. Renee was sent to a convent for two years, and then moved to other hiding places. She was in an orphanage in Namur when Belgium was liberated in January 1...

  16. Wooden comb and handmade paper case given to a prisoner by a friend in Kaiserwald concentration camp

    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn47061
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Width: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Width: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm)

    Wooden comb and paper case given to 21 year old Esther Dykman by a friend on December 27, 1944, when they were slave laborers in an AEG Factory in Kaiserwald concentration camp in Riga, Latvia. The friend found the comb on the side of the road and made the holder from materials taken from the factory where she and Esther worked. Germany invaded Soviet controlled Poland in June 21,1941, and three days later occupied Vilna (Vilnius, Lithuania) where Esther lived with her parents and 8 year old sister Cyla. By July, they enacted policies to persecute the Jews. German mobile killing units, aide...

  17. Wooden crayon box received by a Polish Jewish refugee boy in school in Japan

    1. Leo Melamed collection

    Inscribed wooden crayon box given to 8 year old Lejb Melamdowicz in school in Kobe, Japan, where his family escaped to safety with transit visas supplied by Chiune Sugihara, the Japanese consul in Soviet-occupied Kovno, (Kaunas), Lithuania. Leo was from Bialystok, Poland, where he lived with his parents, Icchok and Fejga. In September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland. His father, a mathematics teacher and city council member, fearing arrest, fled to Vilna where Lejb and Fejga joined him in October. Vilna was initially transferred by the Soviets to Lithuania, until August 1940, when it was ...

  18. Wooden folk art figurine of a Jewish freeloader

    1. Katz Ehrenthal collection

    Small, roughly carved, 19th-century wooden figurine of a Jewish schnorrer, a Judeo-German term for a Jewish beggar. A phrase on the figurine’s base may represent the sort of a line a schnorrer could use on a hesitant potential benefactor. Methuselah is a biblical figure renowned for his old age, and Strauss is likely a reference to a rich Jewish family of department store owners and bankers. By referencing those two names, the schnorrer may be implying that their mark is old and wealthy, and would not need or miss any money that the mark contributed to him. During the Chmielnicki pogroms in...

  19. Wooden Lazy Susan decorated with an inlaid windmill scene created by a Latvian in a displaced persons camp

    Handmade, Latvian, wooden turntable with an inlaid windmill scene created in Kleinkötz Displaced Persons (DP) Camp at Günzburg in the American Zone of Germany between 1945 and 1951. Latvia had a long tradition of woodworking, and many skilled artisans lived in DP camps following the end of World War II (1939-1945), where they made some additional income from the sale of pieces and trained others. Kleinkötz had a population between 1,000 and 2,500 refugees, and a large percentage of those were from the Baltic nations, including Latvia. Following the end of the war, Allied forces established...

  20. Wooden perfume bottle holder with recessed designs owned by a Yugoslavian family

    1. Gaon family collection

    Wooden perfume bottle holder owned by a member of the Gaon family in Yugoslavia, during the Holocaust. The Gaon family, Menachem (Mento), his wife Lottie and their son Izzica, lived in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia when Germany and its allies invaded and occupied Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941. Central Yugoslavia, including Sarajevo, was formed into the independent state of Croatia, ruled by the Ustasa. Soon after occupation, Mento and Lottie were arrested and sentenced to 15 days hard labor. Later that year, the family escaped to the city of Split in the Italian-occupied zone where they would be safe....