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Holding Institution: Wiener Library for the Study of the Nazi Era and the Holocaust, Tel Aviv University/ספריית וינר לחקר התקופה הנאצית והשואה, אוניברסיטת תל-אביב

  1. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Protocol No. 10 is an extract from a volume of protocols provided by a group of Polish-Jewish refugees. In 1939 they formed a comittee to collect evidence about the condition of the Jews in Poland under Nazi Germany occupation. Protocol No 10 is in Yiddish and given by Shlomo Ferkal (24 yrs., living in Vilnuius / Lithuania). In it he describes how in September 1939 his town Mezhirichi was bombed by the Nazis and how he was fled towards Kovel. He is depicts the bombardements of civilians/ refugees, the life of the refugees and the treatment of Jews by non-jewish citizens.

  2. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of Avraham Mlotek, 31 year old from Warsaw. He describes leaving Warsaw with two friends on September 7th. He describes bombardments and destruction, and Jews fleeing from towns. He made his way through Wawer, Międzyrzec Podlaski and Biala, where heavy bombardments resulted in destruction, fear and injuries, and onto a passenger train which was shot on by the Red Army at the border. Protocol No. 20 is an extract from a volume of protocols /statements provided by a group of Polish-Jewish refugee writers and journalists who fled to Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1939 they formed a committee...

  3. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of D. K.. 25 year old yeshiva student in the Kleck yeshiva, resident of Brisk. He describes the heavy bombardment of the German planes, and the incendiaries which destroyed parts of the city, and led to multiple casualties. The Germans occupied Brisk and conscripted both Jews and Poles to forced labor, forced Jews to open stores on the Sabbath, and looted Jewish businesses. They detained many in the city but the detainees were freed when the Russians were about to take over the city. The Russians in their turn detained ethnic Germans in a camp and shot several as spies for the Ger...

  4. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of Rachel B., 43 year old woman from Rozan. She describes the conquest of the city by the Germans and the beginning of atrocities committed against Jews in her town and the surrounding area. These include arbitrary shootings targeted at children and the elderly, and burning of Jews in synagogues. She and her two children left to Goworowo, where all jews were ordered into the synagogue with the market on fire, and men were taken out and shot. On officer stopped the mass burning because there were too many Jews, but much of the Jewish neighbourhood burned with many casualties. She d...

  5. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of N. B. a 15 year old yeshiva student from Goworowo, who gives a brief account of the state of several towns under German occupation. Lapy, occupied by the Germans then by the Soviets, mostly destroyed by bombardment. Goworowo, occupied by the Germans; most of the Jews were forced to leave the city and many were killed. He lists names of several of the victims. Protocol No. 52 is an extract from a volume of protocols /statements provided by a group of Polish-Jewish refugee writers and journalists who fled to Vilnius, Lithuania. In 1939 they formed a committee to collect evidence ...

  6. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    The author, S. M. from Lodz, describes how at the order of Major Ulyushkovsky he and many other Jewish refugees left Lodz on September 6, 1939. He describes the difficulties on the road to Warsaw, including German bombings and machine-gun fire behind Pruszkow and anti-Semitic incidents from the Polish army. At the village of Wiskitki he learned the Germans occupied Warsaw and returned to Lodz. He provides a description of the initial repressive orders given the Lodz Jews, including curfew, expulsion from schools, firing of all state employees and physicians, and confiscation of radios. On N...

  7. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of A. J., from Wyszkow, 44 year old kaftan-maker, member of the local Bund committee, socialist delegate and a chairman of the laborer front. He describes initial bombardments and refugees arriving from nearby towns such as Pultusk and Maków Mazowiecki. He and his family hid in the orchard during the last period of the war, and were arrested by Germans on their return to Wyszkow. The Polish men were released but the Jews were held. After being held the Jews, too, were freed. He describes anti-Semitic incitement of the Polish population by the occupying German soldiers in Wyszkow, ...

  8. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of J. L., 18 years old, and Z. L., 21 years old carpenter, brothers from Ostrow Mazowiecki, giving details about the massacre of 561 of the city's Jews by the Germans. They describe how the Germans together with the local Poles drove the Jews out of their homes, took them outside of town, and forced them to dig mass graves. They were then forced to lie in the graves, and to take their children down into the graves, and were shot with rifles and revolvers. The survivors fled to the Russian side of the border. Protocol No. 192 is an extract from a volume of protocols /statements pro...

  9. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of Pessie R, from Suwałki. She describes that when the Russians left Suwalki, and the Germans entered it, they looted all merchandise fgrom Jewish stores, and fined the proprietors and the rich large fines. They issued an order that Jews must gather three days' worth of food, and were arresting people and holding them in the synagogue. The author was warned by a Polish neighbors, and hid in the cellar while her three children fled. She was let out by a neighbor, and left town for the Lithuanian border with other refugees. They remained in the no-man's-land on the border, and sever...

  10. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland: Record No. 17]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Perl Kirshzweig, a tailor from Warsaw describes how refugees from Łódź arrived in Warsaw and were hosted by locals, like her. Several shell fired hurt a lot of people and among them also Jews, who were treated kindly in the hospital until it was bombed, too. The situation in Warsaw rapidly declined and there was no water, electricity or food and the hospitals were extremely dirty. Jews, who wanted to take the Bus to the hospital in Łódź were forced out of their seats and their tickets sold to polish Christians. In contrast to that, Kirshzweig testifies about acts of kindness from german sol...

  11. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of J. M. S, 18 year old from Wyszków, who describes aerial bombings of his town by the Germans, and the downing of a German plane near the village of Somianka though the pilot was never found. He describes the arrival of refugees into town from Ostrolenka, and, later, from Pultusk and Tsebanow. He describes how German bombings killed several people and destroyed houses, though his uncle Herschel Polz' house was not destroyed. More bombings killed the wife of Leibl Levin and his three children. Many, both Christians and Jews, fled in the direction of Warsaw. He describes the flight...

  12. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of N. K., 17 year old student from Warsaw. He describes the repressions and orders on Jews after the German occupying forces entered Warsaw; Jews had to give up their radios, and were forbidden from having more than 2000 zloty in their possession. Monetary fines were imposed and a curfew set in place punishable by shooting. The Jews were forbidden to live in certain streets, and restricted from purchasing new housing in others. He describes seizures of Jews for forced labor and the resulting deaths and physical damage as a consequence, as well as the closing of Jewish businesses, ...

  13. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Owsiej Bułkin, a furrier from Berlin was expelled from Germany as a Polish citizen on the 28th of October 1938. Firstly he was brought to Zbąszyń, a polish border town where he was one of the approximately 17,000 Jews that were affected by the expulsion. He depicts mistreatment from German and Polish citizens and authorities and how he went back to Germany to reunite with his family in order to bring them to Vilnius. His statement was given on the 16th Nov. 1939 and he testifies, that the family has lost all of their assets and belongings and that they are suffering tremendously. Statement ...

  14. [British Committe for refugees from Czecho-Slovakia] ; [Inquiery for leaving Czecho-Slovakia]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    The file contains copies of a form, an inquiry for leaving Czecho-Slovakia, which is offert by the British Committe for Refugees from Czecho-Slovakia.

  15. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of a rabbi from a town in Galicia, b. 1910. He tells of the entry of the Germans into his city. At first they seemed well-intentioned, but soon started taking Jews, including women and girls, for forced hard labor. Jewish shops were robbed while Christian shops and businesses were untouched. The rabbi received a summons from the city military governor, and was ordered that the city must be free of Jews within several hours; any Jew remaining in the city will be shot. The soldiers drove the Jews out of their homes toward the Russian border and photographed the struggling crowd. The...

  16. [DALJEWCIB Correspondence regarding the situation in Shanghai, advice for refugees, living conditions and numerous information]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    DALJEWCIB Correspondence regarding the living situation of Jewish refugees and emigrees in China, including Shanghai,Japanese occupied Dairen and Harbin in Mandchukuo. The correspondence is detailing living conditions, the overall political situation and many more aspects in reports and personal correspondence with potential emigrees and people who have already arrived in China and have sent word of their current state of affairs.

  17. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of Moshe D., 55 year old, from Warsaw. He and all his family were in Brok for the High Holidays at the beginning of the war. Returning to Warsaw, they found much of the city destroyed by German bombardment. The author provides a detailed list of streets and areas destroyed, showing the massive scale of the damage and notes that human casualties numbered in the hundreds. He notes the prominence of Warsaw Jews in civilian relief efforts and defense effort, and their all-round contribution. After the Germans entered Warsaw, the author describes them providing food t the population by...

  18. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of Chaim Leib D., 21 year old weaver from Pabianice. He describes leaving Pabianice for Warsaw at the beginning of the war with most ale-bodied men, leaving behind only the weak and elderly. In Warsaw he was involved in the civilian effort against the German invasion in building barricades in the streets. He describes the deprivation and lack of products and supplies during the later days of the way, and the expulsion of refugees from Warsaw by edict. Returning to Pabianice he encountered severe antagonism from the Polish population, who refused to sell him food even for money, an...

  19. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    Testimony of Israel I., a yeshiva student from Lida, left October 22, 1939 with his yeshiva which relocated communally from Kleck to Vilnius. He describes German bombardment of the city, which resulted in over 60 casualties, Jews and Christians. The Polish military left the city, leaving it to a local militia, which consisted of both Jews and Poles, led by a local Polish dignitary. There were rumors that the Polish population was planning a pogrom, but nothing happened. The Soviets entered the city in mid-September and were generally well-inclined to the Jewish population. Life in the city ...

  20. [Testimonies given in Vilnius by Jewish refugees from German occupied Poland]

    1. The Alfred Wiener documents collection

    In his statement, 46 year old Zalman Pudlowski, a textile worker and member of the Algemeyner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un Rusland (General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia) describes his escape from Bełcható to Łódź. He depicts a shift in the Polish Christian - Jewish relations from friendly to violent and how he was arrested in Błonie and forced to work. He furthemore gives details about the life in Warsaw, bombings by the Nazis, the panic among the Polish citizens and the arrest of the leadership of the Bund. Protocol No. 15 is an extract from a volume of pro...