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Displaying items 1 to 20 of 6,679
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Holding Institution: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

  1. Saxophone, case and accessories used by a Polish Jewish musician in a band that toured DP camps

    1. Henry Baigelman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43163
    • English
    • a: Height: 30.125 inches (76.518 cm) | Width: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Depth: 10.500 inches (26.67 cm) a1: Height: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) a2: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Depth: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) a3: Height: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Width: 11.375 inches (28.893 cm) | Depth: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) b: Height: 6.875 inches (17.463 cm) | Width: 32.125 inches (81.598 cm) | Depth: 13.375 inches (33.973 cm) c: Height: 22.625 inches (57.468 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) d: Height: 20.875 inches (53.023 cm) | Width: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) e: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) f: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) g: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Width: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) h: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) i: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) j: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) k: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) l: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) m: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) n1: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) n2: Height: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) | Width: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) n3: Height: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) | Width: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) o1: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) p1: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) q1: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) r1: Height: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Width: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) r2: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) s: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) t: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) u: Height: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) v1: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Width: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Depth: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) v2: Height: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) | Width: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Depth: 3.375 inches (8.573 cm) w: Height: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Width: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm) x: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 30.750 inches (78.105 cm) y: Height: 27.125 inches (68.898 cm) | Width: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) z: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) aa: Height: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm) | Width: 5.625 inches (14.288 cm) ab: Height: 7.125 inches (18.098 cm) | Width: 5.625 inches (14.288 cm) ac: Height: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) | Width: 5.500 inches (13.97 cm) ad: Height: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) | Width: 5.250 inches (13.335 cm) ae: Height: 6.750 inches (17.145 cm) | Width: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) af: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 8.125 inches (20.638 cm) ag: Height: 15.625 inches (39.688 cm) | Width: 12.625 inches (32.068 cm) ah: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm)

    Saxophone, case, and parts acquired and used by Henry Baigelman after the war. Henry was a professional musician in Łódź when Germany occupied Poland on September 1, 1939. He and his family were imprisoned in the Łódź (Litzmannstadt) ghetto where he and his brother David performed with the orchestra. On June 10, 1944, Himmler ordered the ghetto destroyed, David hid the family instruments. On August 4, 1944, the family was deported to Auschwitz where they were separated. Henry was transferred to Kaltwasser, Flossenberg, and Altenhammer concentration camps. In Altenhammer, the camp supervisor...

  2. Carved upright wooden bench owned by Jakob Krämer and the Heppner family

    1. Max Amichai Heppner family collection

    Large, handcrafted wooden bench with storage space made in 1911, in Munich Germany, and owned by Irene Heppner’s father, Jakob Krämer. The bench was brought with the family when they fled to Amsterdam, Netherlands in 1933. It was occasionally used as a hiding place during the Nazi occupation, and was one of the few things remaining in their apartment after the war. Irene and Albert Heppner fled Berlin, Germany, to Amsterdam, Netherlands, after Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. Albert reestablished his art dealership, and their son, Max, was born later tha...

  3. Upright, wardrobe-style trunk used by a Jewish family during their postwar emigration

    1. Ephraim M. Robinson family collection

    Domed, wardrobe-style trunk used by the Rubinzon (later Robinson) family for their voyage from Zeilsheim displaced persons camp in Germany to the United States in October 1948. The family bought the trunk, and two others, secondhand just prior to their journey. Efraim Rubinzon, was in Warsaw, Poland, with his recently widowed mother and brother when Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. Later that fall, Efraim escaped from German soldiers and made his way to Soviet-controlled territory. He agreed to work in a coal mine in exchange for official travel papers to get his mother and brot...

  4. The Secret Annex First edition of Anne Frank’s Het Achterhuis given to a Dutch couple dagboekbrieven van 12 Juni 1942 - 1 Augustus 1944 diary letters from 12 June 1942 - 1 August 1944

    1. Ryan M. Cooper collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn652080
    • English
    • 1947
    • a: Height: 7.375 inches (18.733 cm) | Width: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) b: Height: 8.375 inches (21.273 cm) | Width: 5.125 inches (13.017 cm) | Depth: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm)

    One of two copies of the first edition of Anne Frank’s “Het Achterhuis” (“The Secret Annex”), given to Miep and Jan Gies by Anne’s father, Otto Frank. The book includes the original dust jacket and protective clamshell case, and was one of 1500 copies printed in the first run. Anne Frank was a German Jewish girl who immigrated to Amsterdam, Netherlands, with her parents, Otto and Edith, and older sister, Margot. Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940. Under German occupation, antisemitic restrictions were enforced, and Otto set up a hiding place in the attic of his business. The fa...

  5. Monogrammed napkin owned by Otto and Edith Frank

    1. Ryan M. Cooper collection

    Cotton napkin, embroidered with the initials of Otto and Edith Frank, gifted to them for their wedding on May 8, 1925. Otto and Edith had two daughters, Margot and Anne, and lived in Frankfurt, Germany. After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in January 1933, authorities quickly began suppressing the rights and personal freedoms of Jews, and boycotting their businesses. Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, and under occupation, the Netherlands became subject to the Nuremburg laws. As restrictions continued to tighten, and antisemitism grew, Otto set up a hiding pl...

  6. Monogrammed tablecloth owned by Otto and Edith Frank

    1. Ryan M. Cooper collection

    Cotton tablecloth, embroidered with the initials of Otto and Edith Frank, gifted to them for their wedding on May 8, 1925. Otto and Edith had two daughters, Margot and Anne, and lived in Frankfurt, Germany. After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany in January 1933, authorities quickly began suppressing the rights and personal freedoms of Jews, and boycotting their businesses. Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, and under occupation, the Netherlands became subject to the Nuremburg laws. As restrictions continued to tighten, and antisemitism grew, Otto set up a hidin...

  7. Factory-printed Star of David badge printed with Jood, belonging to a German Jewish refugee

    1. Max Amichai Heppner family collection

    Factory-printed Star of David badge worn by a member of Max Heppner’s family in Amsterdam, Netherlands, after the occupying Nazi administration mandated them on April 28,1942. Max was living with his German parents, Albert and Irene, in Amsterdam, when Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. The new civil administration run by the SS gradually tightened control on the residents, and required Jews to register their business assets. Albert’s work permit was rescinded in 1940, but he continued dealing illegally on a small scale. In 1942, the authorities raided their home for valuables on...

  8. Storage trunk owned by a German Jewish family in hiding

    1. Max Amichai Heppner family collection

    Storage trunk used by the Heppner family to haul possessions in Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. Albert and Irene Heppner fled Berlin, Germany to Amsterdam, Netherlands, after Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933. Albert reestablished his art dealership, and their son, Max, was born later that year. In May 1940, Germany occupied the Netherlands, and established a civilian administration run largely by the SS. The occupying administration gradually tightened control on the residents, and required Jews to register their business assets. Albert’s...

  9. Knife taken from a German soldier and acquired by a German Jewish family in hiding

    1. Max Amichai Heppner family collection

    Metal knife taken from a German soldier and acquired by a member of Max Heppner’s family in 1944. Max was living with his German parents, Albert and Irene, in Amsterdam, when Germany occupied the Netherlands in May 1940. The new civil administration run by the SS gradually tightened control on the residents, and required Jews to register their business assets. Albert’s work permit was rescinded in 1940, but he continued dealing illegally on a small scale. In 1942, the authorities raided their home for valuables on multiple occasions, and began rounding up Jews for deportation in the summer....

  10. Set of tefillin buried for safekeeping and recovered postwar

    1. Gisela E. Zamora collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515327
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Width: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) b: Height: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Width: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Depth: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm)

    Pair of tefillin buried for safekeeping by Marcus and Josef Zamojre while living in hiding in Taglio-di-Po, Italy. The tefillin, which had belonged to Marcus, were recovered by Josef after the war. Tefillin are small boxes containing prayers worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. In December 1940, Josef and Marcus fled from Frankfurt in Nazi Germany, to Graz on the Austrian-Yugoslav border. After several failed attempts to cross the border, they reached Zagreb in March 1941. In April, Germany invaded Yugoslavia and, in July, Josef and Marcus escaped to Italian occupied Ljublj...

  11. Margaret Anne Goldsmith Hanaw collection

    The Margaret Anne Goldsmith Hanaw collection contains correspondence between Lawrence B. Goldsmith Sr., various members of the Schiffman and Marx families living in Germany, and United States government officials. The correspondence relates to the families’ requests for assistance in immigrating to the United States from Nazi Germany in the form of signed affidavits of support and financial assistance. The personal correspondence from the families in Germany provide a sense of growing desperation to leave Germany. Also included are Lawrence B. Goldsmith Sr.’s papers relating his activity wi...

  12. Large brown suitcase used by Hungarian Jewish refugees on the Kasztner train

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Large suitcase carried by Dr. Bela Gondos when he was transported from Budapest, Hungary, to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on the Kasztner train in June 1944 with his wife Anna and 7 year old daughter Judit. They were advised to bring all their belongings. Each carried a suitcase filled with their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. They used it as a bed, table, and chair on the cattle car to the camp. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Hungarian regime, which had anti-Semitic policies similar to Germany's. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions un...

  13. Tefillin storage pouch buried for safekeeping and recovered postwar

    1. Gisela E. Zamora collection

    Tefillin storage bag buried for safekeeping by Marcus and Josef Zamojre while living in hiding in Taglio-di-Po, Italy. The pouch and tefillin, which had belonged to Marcus, were recovered by Josef after the war. Tefillin are small boxes containing prayers worn by Orthodox Jewish males during morning prayers. In December 1940, Josef and Marcus fled from Frankfurt in Nazi Germany, to Graz on the Austrian-Yugoslavian border. After several failed attempts to cross the border, they arrived in Zagreb in March 1941. In April, Germany invaded Yugoslavia and, in July, Josef and Marcus escaped to Ita...

  14. Set of 10 Rorschach plates with folded cardboard enclosure owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn616398
    • English
    • a: Height: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) b: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) c: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) d: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) e: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) f: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) g: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) h: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) i: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) j: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) k: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm)

    Rorschach ink blot test cards like those used by Dr. Leopold (Leo) Stoer to test patients in the United States following his emigration from Vienna, Austria, in September 1938. While studying for his dissertation in psychology, Leo learned how to use the cards to diagnose patients, which was still a new practice in the US. Leo lived in Vienna with his parents, Alfred and Karoline, and seven younger siblings: Juli, Grete, Hedi, Fritz, Erna, Trude, and Otto. In 1915, Alfred, a master decorator by trade, was selected to fight in World War I (1914-1918). Leo’s sister Hedi, died from whooping co...

  15. Embroidered dress worn by a Polish Jewish girl in hiding

    1. Lola and Walter Kaufman collection

    Embroidered dress made for Lola Rein by her mother Dvoire in the ghetto and worn while she was in hiding near Czortkow, Poland, from approximately May 1943 to March 1944. In September 1939, the Soviet Union occupied Czortkow. Germany invaded in June 1941. Lola’s father Yidl died in the ghetto in 1942. On March 21, 1943, her mother was shot and killed while going to work. In May, Lola’s maternal grandmother Ekka sent Lola to hide with a Ukrainian woman. In August, the woman’s son-in-law threatened to turn Lola in to the Gestapo, so she took Lola to her sister’s farm. Lola and three other Jew...

  16. Violin, bows, case and accessories recovered from Łódź ghetto and played in DP camps by a Polish Jewish musician

    1. Henry Baigelman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43164
    • English
    • a: Height: 23.125 inches (58.738 cm) | Width: 7.875 inches (20.003 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) b: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 31.125 inches (79.058 cm) | Depth: 10.125 inches (25.718 cm) c: Height: 29.125 inches (73.978 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) d: Height: 29.375 inches (74.613 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) e: Height: 28.125 inches (71.438 cm) | Width: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm) f: Height: 15.125 inches (38.418 cm) | Width: 12.375 inches (31.433 cm) g: Height: 18.250 inches (46.355 cm) | Width: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) h: Height: 18.375 inches (46.673 cm) | Width: 18.750 inches (47.625 cm) i: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) j: Height: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) k: Height: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) l: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) m: Height: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) n: Height: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Depth: 0.060 inches (0.152 cm) o: Height: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) | Depth: 0.060 inches (0.152 cm) p: Height: 4.750 inches (12.065 cm) | Width: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) q: Height: 2.125 inches (5.398 cm) | Width: 2.000 inches (5.08 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) r1: Height: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Width: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) r2: Height: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Width: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) s: Height: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Width: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) t: Height: 2.750 inches (6.985 cm) | Width: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) u: Height: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Width: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm)

    Violin, bows, case, and parts recovered from the Łódź ghetto in Poland and played by Henry Baigelman after the war. The instruments were hidden in an attic by Henry's brother David in the summer of 1944 after they learned that the Germans were going to destroy the ghetto. They were recovered by his brother-in-law after the city was liberated by the Soviets in January 1945. Two violins were recovered: this one and 2010.472.2; one was played by Henry in the ghetto; the other originally belonged to Henry's cousin. Henry was a professional musician in Łódź when Germany occupied Poland on Septem...

  17. Nekvasil portable chess set used by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Salomon and Berg families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn525821
    • English
    • a: Height: 10.125 inches (25.718 cm) | Width: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) b: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Diameter: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) d: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) e: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) f: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) g: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) h: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) i: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) j: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) k: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) l: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) m: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) n: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) o: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) p: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) q: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) r: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) s: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) t: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) u: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) v: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) w: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) x: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) y: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) z: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) aa: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ab: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ac: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ad: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ae: Height: 2.325 inches (5.905 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) af: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

    Nekvasil portable chess set brought to the United States from Vienna by Alfred Berg, an Austrian Jewish refugee, in 1939. Nekvasil was a game and toy manufacturer in the Ottakring District of Vienna that was known primarily for making chess sets. Alfred was a teenage boy living in Vienna with his parents and younger sister Charlotte when Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Alfred was targeted by bullies because of his Jewish heritage and on November 9-10 during the Kristallnacht pogrom, h...

  18. German Rentenbank, 1 Rentenmark note, acquired by a Polish Jewish survivor

    1. Regina and Halina Goldwag collection

    Rentenbank note, valued at 1 Rentenmark, acquired by Regina Zak Goldwag or her daughter Halina while in Germany during or after World War II. The money was distributed for use in Germany from January 1937 to 1948. Regina and her two children, Halina and Ludwik, were living in Warsaw when the German army invaded Poland, on September 1, 1939. Ludwik soon left to join the Polish army, but after Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned Poland, he got stuck behind the Soviet border. In October 1940, Regina and Halina were forced to relocate to Warsaw’s newly established Jewish ghetto. In the sum...

  19. Medal honoring soldiers killed during the invasion issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Medal honoring soldiers who died in the May 1940 invasion, with shield and broken sword, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. The six medals in the series honor the following: 1. For the soldiers who fell in the May 1940 invasion [this medal, 1990.23.240.3]; 2. For those who endured the bombardments and attacks (1990.23.240.3; 3. For victims of torture and betrayal (1990.23.240.3]; 4. For those who suffered in the concentration camps (1990.23.240.3; 5. For those who w...

  20. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 20 (zwanzig) kronen, acquired by Flory Cohen Levi, who survived in hiding in her native Netherlands during the war. This type of scrip was distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp from May 1943-April 1945 in German occupied Czechoslovakia. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by German mines. They were rescued by the British military and taken to a hospital...