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Displaying items 6,501 to 6,520 of 6,679
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Holding Institution: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

  1. Card with 48 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  2. Card with 48 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  3. Card with 24 Dorset-style buttons owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Unused set of handwoven buttons brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The buttons were likely from one of Herta’s family member’s clothing businesses: either lingerie made by her parents, Arthur and Pauline, or children’s clothing made by her sister, Hilda. Herta lived in Vienna with her parents, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. In August 1914, Arthur was selected to fight in World War I, and three months later, he died of tetanus. As a result, Pauline closed the business, Hilda began making childr...

  4. Maurice Rossel - Red Cross

    As a representative of the Swiss Red Cross in 1944, Maurice Rossel was asked to inspect Theresienstadt. He admits that he gave Theresienstadt a clean bill of health and would probably do so again today. He was also given a tour of Auschwitz, which he did not realize was a death camp. Lanzmann's questioning points to the degree to which Rossel and others were manipulated by the Nazis and to what extent they were willing to be fooled because of their own politics and prejudices. This interview is the basis of Lanzmann's 1999 documentary "A Visitor from the Living" [Un vivant qui passe]. FILM ...

  5. Blue, white and yellow Jewish Relief Unit Star of David badge worn by a German Jewish nurse

    JRU [Jewish Relief Unit] Star of David shaped pin worn by 26 year old Alice Redlich while working as a nurse at Bergen Belsen displaced persons camp. The British Army liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp on April 15, 1945, and it then became a DP camp. Alice had left Germany in 1938 to study nursing in Great Britain. She volunteered with the Jewish Committee for Relief Abroad and, in September 1946, arrived with Team 110 in Bergen-Belsen. She cared for infants, children and young women, and taught hygiene. When Alice left Berlin, she left behind her parents Ella and Georg and younger ...

  6. Oil portrait of her grandmother by a Jewish teenager in hiding

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Oil painting of her paternal grandmother, Hermina Hirschel, painted by Ava Hegedish in 1941, when she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) Ava also did a oil portrait of her, 2007.521.4. In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm nea...

  7. Drawing of her grandmother in profile created by Jewish teenage girl in hiding

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Pencil drawing of her paternal grandmother, Hermina Hirschel, drawn by Ava Hegedish at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) Ava also did an oil painting of her, 2007.521.4. In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a far...

  8. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by an inmate

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 (zwei) kronen likely acquired by Marie Goerlich who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 18, 1943, to May 9, 1945. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Marie later gave the scrip to her great niece, Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin to England on a Kindertran...

  9. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, acquired by an inmate

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 [funf] kronen likely acquired by Marie Goerlich who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 18, 1943, to May 9, 1945. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Marie later gave the scrip to her great niece, Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin to England on a Kindertran...

  10. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by an inmate

    1. Ellen Fass Zilka family collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 [funfzig] kronen likely acquired by Marie Goerlich who was imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia from March 18, 1943, to May 9, 1945. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Marie later gave the scrip to her great niece, Ellen Ruth Fass, who was sent from Berlin to England on a Kinder...

  11. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, belonging to an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Lucie Steinhagen collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, obtained by inmate Lucie Fried (Steinhagen). Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Lucie was deported to Theresienstadt from Vienna, Austria in August 1942, accompanied by her mother, Fanny Fried, and her grandmother, Jeanette Weiss. Lucie had a job in the Jewish-run reco...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, belonging to an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Lucie Steinhagen collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, obtained by inmate Lucie Fried (Steinhagen). Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Lucie was deported to Theresienstadt from Vienna, Austria in August 1942, accompanied by her mother, Fanny Fried, and her grandmother, Jeanette Weiss. Lucie had a job in the Jewish-run rec...

  13. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, belonging to an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Lucie Steinhagen collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, obtained by inmate Lucie Fried (Steinhagen). Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Lucie was deported to Theresienstadt from Vienna, Austria in August 1942, accompanied by her mother, Fanny Fried, and her grandmother, Jeanette Weiss. Lucie had a job in the Jewish-run reco...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, belonging to an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Lucie Steinhagen collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp, obtained by inmate Lucie Fried (Steinhagen). Currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Lucie was deported to Theresienstadt from Vienna, Austria in August 1942, accompanied by her mother, Fanny Fried, and her grandmother, Jeanette Weiss. Lucie had a job in the Jewish-run r...

  15. Peach floral printed chemise saved by a Hungarian Jewish refugee

    1. Bela Gondos family collection

    Floral printed silk slip custom made for Anna Havas Gondos and taken with her when she was deported from Budapest, Hungary to Bergen-Belsen on the Kasztner train with her husband Bela and 7 year old daughter Judit in June 1944. The family brought their best clothing since they believed they were going to Portugal. Jews were increasingly persecuted by the Nazi-influenced Hungarian regime. Bela worked on 2 or 3 forced labor battalions until released in 1942 because he was a physician. On March 19, 1944, Germany invaded Hungary and the authorities prepared to deport all the Jews from Hungary t...

  16. Circular, geometric-patterned earring owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Single damascene earring brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The earring likely belonged to her mother, Pauline Schwarzbart (née Flesch). Herta lived in Vienna with her mother and father, Arthur Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. Arthur died from tetanus in November 1914 during his military service in World War I. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling children’s clothing out of a storefront...

  17. Partial gold dental bridge with crown owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Partial gold dental bridge with false tooth and crown likely brought to the United States by Herta Schwarzbart Stoer when she emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in February 1939. The bridge likely belonged to her mother, Pauline Schwarzbart (née Flesch). Herta lived in Vienna with her mother and father, Arthur Schwarzbart, and four siblings: Hilda, Fritz, Ella, and Hansi. Arthur died from tetanus in November 1914 during his military service in World War I. As a result, Pauline had to close the lingerie business they ran together before the war. Her daughter, Hilda began making and selling chil...

  18. Watercolor painting of a courtyard given to an UNRRA official

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    Watercolor painting of a courtyard in the city of Markgröningen, Germany, painted by artist Richard Kiwit (or Kivit) and gifted to Rachel Greene Rottersman, director of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) Aglasterhausen Children’s Center, in Unterschwarzach, Germany. Markgröningen is a city located 20 kilometers northwest of Stuttgart, and about 60 kilometers south from Aglasterhausen. Richard Kiwit was a well-known Estonian illustrator who moved to Germany in 1944. His daughter, Dagmar Elisabeth Kiwit (later Moder), was a pediatrician, and following the wa...

  19. Nahum Goldmann

    Born in the Russian Empire (now Belarus) in 1895, Nahum Goldmann received a law degree and PhD from the University of Heidelberg. He was President of the World Jewish Congress from 1948 to 1977 which he founded with Stephen Wise. He was a Zionist activist but was often critical of Israeli public policy. He was instrumental in creating the Jewish Material Claims Conference. Goldmann wrote an autobiography called "Sixty Years of Jewish Life" in 1969. He died in 1982. In this interview shot in Israel, Lanzmann and Goldmann discuss Stephen Wise, when the Jews realized the reality of the Final S...

  20. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, acquired by Czech refugee

    1. Raul Hilberg collection

    50 (funfzig) mark Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp note given to Raul Hilberg by Frank Petschek, who, with his wife, as well as the extended Petschek family, had to flee Czechoslovakia after its annexation by Nazi Germany in fall 1938. After the war, the confiscation of the Petschek family's vast business and land holdings by the Nazi regime were used for a major case in the War Criminals trials at Nuremberg. Hilberg and his parents fled Vienna, Austria, after its annexation by Germany in March 1938. It was Petschek's generosity that made possible the publication of Hilberg's landmark work,...