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Displaying items 12,061 to 12,080 of 55,818
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  1. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 36 and 37 -- Jews in Norway, Italy, Berlin; paperwork for property

    Session 36. Ms. Henriette Samuel is brought up and sworn in. She was born in Berlin, but her husband was appointed as chief Rabbi in Norway, so they moved there in 1930. 00:03:38 Tape jumps. Ms. Samuel describes a surprise action at 5am where the women and children were taken from their home and deported. She describes the Norwegian government warning the Jews that danger was coming and they must flee. Many made their way to Sweden with the help of the underground. She describes hiding in a house for only one day because they had children and it was possible that they would tell their frien...

  2. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 39 and 40 -- Whether Musmanno can testify; other leaders implicate Eichmann

    Sessions 39 and 40. Attorney General Hausner, citing that a certain witness could not make it for that day, breaks the current narrative to call Justice Michael Musmanno, a judge at the Nuremberg trials who was responsible for interrogating Nazi leaders, as a witness. Dr. Servatius objects and argues that he has already made judgments and would only present hearsay evidence to the case. 00:08:51 Tape jumps. Hausner is arguing that the cases of Musmanno do not affect this case. He says that since none of Eichmann's superiors are around, nor anybody directly related to this case, he must obta...

  3. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 41 and 42 -- Testimony of H. Grueber and C. Salzberger

    Sessions 41 and 42. Two male translators sitting in a booth. Near the beginning of Dr. Heinrich Grüber's testimony, Assistant State Attorney Bar-Or asks if Grüber knows the accused, when he first saw him, and about the discussion he had with Eichmann in their first meeting, which concerned Jewish immigration. Grüber describes Eichmann as a block of ice or marble and says that he never received from him a favorable reply to his entreaties on behalf of the Jewish community (00:08:14). Grüber states that he had tried to find an explanation for Eichmann's virulent anti-Semitism. Bar-Or question...

  4. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 44 and 45 -- Red Cross report

    Witness Ernst Recht is sworn in and questioned by Bar-Or. Recht describes the concentration of the Jews into central locations in Prague and the confiscation of their house keys by authorities prior to their deportation. He describes the documentation and confiscation of the property from their homes to be sent to Germany. Recht refers to this as the "Kramer Operation." Recht describes his appointment to the Council of Elders and the Trusteeship Office in Prague and his contact with Guenther (00:07:26). He says that representatives from Berlin came to inspect confiscated carpets in 1943. Ba...

  5. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 46, 53, 62, 64, 68, and 71 -- Testimonies regarding badges, postcards, furnaces, ditches, suicides, selections

    Session 46. May 19, 1961. Alexander Arnon talks about wearing the Star of David badge. He is interrupted by the Prosecution, and asked about the forced payment of 100,000,000 Denars, with 60 Denars equal to an American Dollar at the time. Following that, legislation that required wearing the Jewish Star was put into effect. The court decides that photographing the badge he holds up will suffice for evidence. He was given the task of supplying the Jews of Zagreb with the badges, as ordered by the Gestapo officer Mueller. 00:10:46 Session 53. May 25, 1961. Margit Reich testifies. A translator...

  6. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 48 and 49 -- Testimony of Perla Mark and Dr. T. Lowenstein Lavi; Romanian documents

    Session 48. Testimony from Perla Mark who describes the burning of the main synagogue in Czernowitz and the murder of Jews including her husband, the town's chief rabbi. Mark gives an account of the deportation of her son and brother to Theresienstadt. She states that her brother died in Theresienstadt and that her son was sent to Auschwitz, where he was forced to play cello in the camp orchestra. Begins in the middle of testimony from Theodor Löwenstein. The witness speaks in Hebrew. Löwenstein describes the physical measures against the Jews in Romania including the pogroms in Jassy, Bess...

  7. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 49, 51, 53, 55, 56 -- Witness testimony

    Session 49. Testimony from Dr. Ernst Abeles, who describes receiving hundreds of postcards from deportees who had been sent to the extermination camps. Abeles tells of when he first learned about the existence of the camps (00:03:36) and describes the "Europe Plan," an attempt by the Jewish community to pay a large sum of money to stop deportations all over Europe (00:05:15). Section on the "Europe Plan" is abbreviated - duplicate footage found on Tape 2059. Session 51. Testimony from Pinhas Freudiger, who gives an account of what happened to Jews who escaped from Slovakia and reached Hunga...

  8. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 50 and 51 -- Lidice; Witness B. Steiner; Hungary documents

    Footage begins early in the proceedings of Session 50 with State Attorney Gavriel Bach requesting the court to allow him to submit evidence of the murder of the children of Lidice. The inhabitants of Lidice were murdered in 1942 in retaliation for the assasination of Reinhard Heydrich. Footage resumes with testimony from witness Bedrich Steiner who gives approxmate statistics of the number of Jews deported from Slovakia in 1942, how many of them were children, the numbers that went to various camps, and the number killed by the Einstazgruppen. There are various shots of the judges and the t...

  9. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 52 and 53 -- Testimonies of Pinhas Freudiger, Martin Foeldi, Ze'ev Sapir

    Session 52. Footage begins in the middle of the session with testimony from Pinhas Freudiger identifying Eichmann and relating the circumstances under which he first met Eichmann in Budapest. He notes that he had wanted to speak to Krumey and Eichmann's deputy Dieter Wisliceny about stopping the deportations. Eichmann takes notes. There is some confusion about the translation of a German phrase (00:05:15). Various shots of Eichmann, the judge's bench and both the prosecution and defense lawyers. A portion of the proceedings is missing and footage resumes with Freudiger testifying about his ...

  10. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 53, 62, 63 and 64 -- Excerpts from diary of Grand Mufti Hajj Amin Al-Husseini and other witnesses

    Session 53. Witness Margit Reich is questioned by State Attorney Gavriel Bach. Bach asks about correspondence she received from her husband after he was sent to the Kistarcsa camp in Hungary. She reads from a postcard thrown from a train and a letter written on toilet paper that she received from him. Footage cuts to Session 62 at 00:10:44. Witness testimony from Leslie Gordon. The witness speaks in English, which is translated into Hebrew. He tells of being put to forced labor in Buczacz, Hungary, where the SS and SD forced him to dig ditches. A German truck painted with the words "Deutsch...

  11. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 55 and 56 -- Testimony of Dr. G. Gilbert, J. Brand

    Session 55. Repeats Tape 2067 with Professor Gustave M. Gilbert, Professor of Psychology at Long Island University, USA. He served as the chief psychologist at the jail in Nuremberg where many SS officers were interned and in that capacity spoke to many of the prisoners while they were awaiting trial. He also published his diary which describes his experiences. Testimony stops and starts, jumps from scene to scene. 00:06:06 Höss' statement about transportation, extermination, and figures. 00:08:59 Cuts out. Talks about what else Höss said to Gilbert about Eichmann, referred to him as "chief...

  12. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 57 and 58 -- Psychologist Gilbert re. Nuremberg. Report of Moshe Sharett; witness H. Brand

    Session 57. Starts with Attorney General [Video translation is inaccurate refers to exhibit T/1777 when means T/1177, June not July]. Submission of documents from Central Zionist Archives and Weizmann Archives. Attorney General describes letter from Hall, of the British Foreign Office, to Dr Weizmann, stating proposal for swapping Jews for trucks and goods (referring to Joel Brand's testimony in Tape 2069, Session 56). 00:03:25 Video translation and transcripts continue to vary. Communications between Britain and Jewish Agency continue. 00:08:30 Report by Mr. Shertok (Moshe Sharett) from Lo...

  13. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 59 and 60 -- Testimonies of H. Brand, J. Brand, M. Rosenberg

    Session 59. Hansi Brand being questioned by Judge Raveh. Asked about Eichmann's role in Auschwitz deportations - she views him as the person who made all the decisions as far as the Jews were concerned. Discuss thought of trying to kill Eichmann. 00:07:21 Witness Joel Brand being asked about Lord Moyne (same footage as Tape 2071). 00:08:30 Cuts out. Questioned about telegrams and begging for Jews to be saved (same as Tape 2071). 00:09:57 - 00:10:22 Cuts out. Repeats above footage. Continues with Brand trying to convince colleagues of the Jewish plight and bargaining to save the Jews (same a...

  14. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. The Court is in recess. The camera focuses on the glass booth, and pans to Defense Attorney Dr. Robert Servatius as he walks to his desk. The Judges enter the courtroom and open the session. Attorney General Gideon Hausner continues his opening statement with Section IX - "The Camps." He asserts: "...as late as the beginning of 1945, on the threshold of the end of the war, Eichmann was still planning to wipe out all the Jews still alive at Theresienstadt in gas installations to be erected there..." Hausner describes the conditions in several concentration camps: Majdane...

  15. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. Attorney General Gideon Hausner continues his opening statement. Hausner refers to the contributions of several Jewish persons to highlight the social and cultural decimation produced by the events of the Holocaust. According to the official court transcripts, the prosecution concludes his opening speech with these words: "By the mercy of Providence, which preserved a saving remnant, Adolf Eichmann's design was frustrated, and the intention that the cherished was not implemented to the end." However, the following transcription was taken directly from the tape starting ...

  16. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. Hausner discusses Bulgaria's hesitancy to cooperate with Jewish deportations: "Bulgaria did not want to throw its Jews to the wolves..." Despite Bulgarian efforts, Jews were transported to labor camps. The prosecution describes Nazi actions against the Jews in Greece: "Brutality, arrests, plunder, the loot of property accompanied the German conqueror...and the establishment of ghettos." Hausner also mentions Theresienstadt, a temporary collection camp; at Theresienstadt, executions were used as punishment, newborns and pregnancies were terminated, and children were sepa...

  17. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8 -- Eichmann pleads not guilty

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. The contents of the tape are not sequentially consistent with the official transcripts; rather the footage is arranged erratically starting in the middle of Session 6 with Attorney General Hausner's opening statement and ending in the beginning of Session 6 with Adolf Eichmann's plea hearing. Begins during Attorney General Hausner's opening speech. He states: "There was only one man who had been concerned almost entirely with the Jews, whose business had been their destruction that was Adolf Eichmann." There is a blip at 00:22:45 to 00:23:15, and the recording backtrack...

  18. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8 -- Hausner continues opening statement

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. Attorney General Gideon Hausner continues Section 4 of his opening statement: "IV - The Final Solution of the Jewish Question." At one point during his recitation of Section 4, the Judges interrupt Hausner to ask if they may adjourn; Hausner requests a few more minutes. At 00:40:21, there is a cut from Hausner's speech to Eichmann being led out of the courtroom. The court is adjourned, and the camera focuses on the emptying courtroom as the tape ends.

  19. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8 -- Hausner's opening statement

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. Begins before the court is in session. The camera focuses on Defense Attorney Dr. Robert Servatius as he speaks with his co-counsel, Mr. Dieter Wechtenbruch. The courtroom begins to fill with spectators, and Attorney General Gideon Hausner interacts with a few people from the audience. Adolf Eichmann is brought into the courtroom; moments later the Judges enter and the session begins. Hausner continues his opening statement from Section 3: "III - The Accused," which discusses Eichmann's life before and after he joined the Nazi Party. The Prosecution follows with Section...

  20. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 6, 7 and 8 -- Hausner's opening statement

    Sessions 6, 7 and 8. Attorney General Gideon Hausner discusses Adolf Hitler and his use of the Jews as scapegoats: "The Jew was the eternal scapegoat." Hausner notes the anti-Nazi movements in Germany, and German assistance to the Jews: "But after all is said and done, these were a small minority." The Prosecution describes Nazi tactics for the promotion of anti-Semitism such as economic boycotts, the Nuremberg Laws, and the yellow arm badges. Hausner starts Section 2 of his opening speech: "II - The SS, the SD and the Gestapo," which addresses the different groups of the Reich. Upon the co...