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Displaying items 10,161 to 10,180 of 10,193
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  1. Wrist watch kept by a Hungarian Jewish concentration camp inmate

    1. George Ogurek Zimmerman family collection

    Wrist watch purchased by Karola Ogurek in Budapest, Hungary, around October 1943 after fleeing Kamionka, Poland, with her 10 year old son, Jurek, husband Alexander, and her parents Helene and Izak Fiszer. She kept the watch with her, even during incarceration in Auschwitz. In March 1944, after Germany invaded Hungary, the family tried to go to Slovakia but were arrested and turned over to the Germans. They were sent to a Polish POW camp, but released by the commandant. They went back and forth between Slovakia and Hungary seeking refuge. In April 1944, they were arrested and sent to Sered l...

  2. Nekvasil portable chess set used by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Salomon and Berg families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn525821
    • English
    • a: Height: 10.125 inches (25.718 cm) | Width: 10.250 inches (26.035 cm) | Depth: 1.125 inches (2.858 cm) b: Height: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) | Diameter: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) c: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) d: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) e: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) f: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) g: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) h: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) i: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) j: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) k: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) l: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) m: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) n: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) o: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) p: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) q: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) r: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) s: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) t: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) u: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) v: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) w: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) x: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) y: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) z: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) aa: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ab: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ac: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ad: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) ae: Height: 2.325 inches (5.905 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) af: Height: 2.625 inches (6.668 cm) | Diameter: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm)

    Nekvasil portable chess set brought to the United States from Vienna by Alfred Berg, an Austrian Jewish refugee, in 1939. Nekvasil was a game and toy manufacturer in the Ottakring District of Vienna that was known primarily for making chess sets. Alfred was a teenage boy living in Vienna with his parents and younger sister Charlotte when Germany annexed Austria in the Anschluss on March 13, 1938. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Alfred was targeted by bullies because of his Jewish heritage and on November 9-10 during the Kristallnacht pogrom, h...

  3. Commemorative medal issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Commemorative medal, one of six, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  4. Commemorative medal issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Commemorative medal, one of six, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  5. Commemorative medal issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Commemorative medal, one of six, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  6. Geometric patterned leather wallet made by a Dutch Jewish couple in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Geometric patterned brown leather wallet made by Flora and Felix Levi while they were in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flory Cohen met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by German mines. They were rescued by the British military and taken to a hospital in England. After recuperating for six months, they had to leave because Felix, a German, was considered an enemy alien. In May 19...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 20 (zwanzig) kronen, acquired by Flory Cohen Levi, who survived in hiding in her native Netherlands during the war. This type of scrip was distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp from May 1943-April 1945 in German occupied Czechoslovakia. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by German mines. They were rescued by the British military and taken to a hospital...

  8. Black and white patterned case for medals awarded postwar to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Fitted case for a set of 6 medals issued to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  9. Medal honoring soldiers killed during the invasion issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Medal honoring soldiers who died in the May 1940 invasion, with shield and broken sword, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. The six medals in the series honor the following: 1. For the soldiers who fell in the May 1940 invasion [this medal, 1990.23.240.3]; 2. For those who endured the bombardments and attacks (1990.23.240.3; 3. For victims of torture and betrayal (1990.23.240.3]; 4. For those who suffered in the concentration camps (1990.23.240.3; 5. For those who w...

  10. Brown burlap pouch used to carry money by a hidden Dutch Jewish woman

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Small burlap pouch used by Flora Cohen to store Dutch currency while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was sunk by German mines. They w...

  11. Award certificate issued postwar with 6 medals to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Certificate for a set of 6 medals issued to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  12. Commemorative medal issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Commemorative medal, one of six, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  13. Commemorative medal issued to a Dutch resistance leader

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Commemorative medal, one of six, awarded to Piet Brandsen by Stichting 1940-1945 for his bravery and resistance activities during the German occupation of the Netherlands from May 1940-May 1945. Stichting 1940-1945 was a foundation created during the war to provide aid to resistance members and their families. After Netherlands was invaded by Germany in May 1940, Piet and his wife Dina, devout Christians, joined the resistance. Piet helped many Jewish people go into hiding, in his own home and with other resistance members. He also provided false identities and food coupons. He was arrested...

  14. Netherlands, 1 gulden silver voucher, kept by a Dutch Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Felix and Flory Van Beek collection

    Dutch 1 (een) gulden silver voucher kept by Flory Cohen Levi in her pouch, see 1990.23.191, while she was in hiding in Amersfoort, Netherlands, from June 1942 to May 1945. Flora intended to send it to her mother Alijda, but Flora could not find her, so she always kept the pouch with her. Flora's mother Alidja had been deported to Auschwitz in September where she was killed. Flory met Felix Levi, a refugee from Hitler's Germany, in the mid-1930s. After Germany invaded Poland, Felix convinced Flora to flee. In November 1939, they sailed for South America aboard the SS Simon Bolivar, which was...

  15. Green knapsack used by a Hungarian Jewish man in forced labor

    Large, two pocket rucksack used by Elek Brust while a forced laborer from 1941 and 1943-1944 in Hungary. He then used it while living in hiding with his family during the German occupation through February 1945. Elek was a manufacturer and prominent member of the Jewish community in Budapest where he lived with his wife Lilly and young daughter Eva. In 1941, Jewish males were required to do forced labor service and Elek was sent to a labor camp. Lilly obtained his release a few months later with black market papers. In 1943, Elek was again drafted, and not released until March 1944. On Marc...

  16. Coin purse owned by Otto Frank

    1. Ryan M. Cooper collection

    Change purse owned by Otto Frank. Otto was a German Jewish businessman who immigrated to Amsterdam, Netherlands, with his wife, Edith, and daughters, Margot and Anne. Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940. Under German occupation, antisemitic restrictions were enforced, and Otto set up a hiding place in the attic of his business. The family moved into their hidden rooms on July 6, 1942, and were later joined by four others. Otto’s most trusted employees, including Miep and Jan Gies, immediately agreed to help them, at great risk to their own safety. Otto’s most trusted employees, ...

  17. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 10 cent note, acquired by a former inmate

    Westerbork scrip issued in 1944 and acquired by Ruth Franken, who was imprisoned at the transit camp when she was 5 years old from 1942 to 1943. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize work output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. Westerbork was established by the Dutch government in October 1939 for Jewish refugees who had crossed the border illegally following the Kristallnacht pogrom of November 1938. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as...

  18. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 10 cent note, acquired by a former inmate

    1. Helmut Rosendahl collection

    Voucher, valued at 10 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp, and acquired by Helmut Rosendahl, a German Jewish man held there in 1944. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor camps or killing centers in other countries. The special currency was first distributed in 1944, and designe...

  19. Westerbork transit camp voucher, 25 cent note, acquired by a former inmate

    1. Helmut Rosendahl collection

    Voucher, valued at 25 cents, distributed in Westerbork transit camp, and acquired by Helmut Rosendahl, a German Jewish man held there in 1944. While at the camp, inmates were compelled to work, and a special currency was issued to incentivize output, but the money had no real monetary value outside the camp. After Germany invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, the German authorities began using Westerbork as a transit camp, holding internees until they were deported to forced labor camps or killing centers in other countries. The special currency was first distributed in 1944, and designe...

  20. Set of 10 Rorschach plates with folded cardboard enclosure owned by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn616398
    • English
    • a: Height: 9.750 inches (24.765 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) b: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) c: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) d: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) e: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) f: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) g: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) h: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) i: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) j: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm) k: Height: 6.625 inches (16.828 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm)

    Rorschach ink blot test cards like those used by Dr. Leopold (Leo) Stoer to test patients in the United States following his emigration from Vienna, Austria, in September 1938. While studying for his dissertation in psychology, Leo learned how to use the cards to diagnose patients, which was still a new practice in the US. Leo lived in Vienna with his parents, Alfred and Karoline, and seven younger siblings: Juli, Grete, Hedi, Fritz, Erna, Trude, and Otto. In 1915, Alfred, a master decorator by trade, was selected to fight in World War I (1914-1918). Leo’s sister Hedi, died from whooping co...