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Displaying items 8,001 to 8,020 of 10,135
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  1. Oak leaf wreath separated into sections awarded prewar to a Jewish youth for swimming across the Rhine River

    1. Max and Ruth Levi Eis family and the Kronthal family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn61051
    • English
    • a: Height: 10.750 inches (27.305 cm) | Width: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) b: Height: 10.000 inches (25.4 cm) | Width: 9.125 inches (23.178 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm)

    Oak leaf wreath with acorns, now in several pieces, awarded to Max Eis in the mid-1930’s for swimming across the Rhine River near the town of Mainz, Germany, where he lived with his parents, Jakob and Regina, and his brother, Albert. Max and Alfred participated in athletic competitions as members of the Mainz chapter of the Jewish sports club, Schild, which was associated with Reichsbund Juedischer Frontsoldaten (The Organization of Jewish Front-line Soldiers), an organization founded by Jewish veterans in 1919 to counter anti-Semitic accusations that Jewish soldiers had been weak and cowar...

  2. Brown leather lace-up boots worn by a young Jewish girl who escaped Germany on the Kindertransport

    1. Esther Rosenfeld Starobin family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn72131
    • English
    • 1964
    • a: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm)

    Brown leather lace-up boots bought for 2 year old Esther Rosenfeld by her parents in Germany and worn when she left on a June 1939 Kinderstransport to Great Britain, as her three older sisters Bertl, Edith, and Ruth, had done in March. As the adult Esther remembered: "The boots traveled with me from Germany as I left my home and parents when I was just two years old to start a new life in England. ... I suppose I wore them on the train, the ship, and then another train as I traveled to a new family. In Thorpe, I must have worn those boots for a long time. My foster father, who worked in a s...

  3. Houndstooth check cloth ankle boots worn by a young Jewish girl who escaped Germany on the Kindertransport

    1. Esther Rosenfeld Starobin family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn72129
    • English
    • 1964
    • a: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.033 cm) | Depth: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) b: Height: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm) | Width: 2.500 inches (6.35 cm) | Depth: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm)

    Brown and beige houndstooth cloth ankle boots owned by 2 year old Esther Rosenfeld who was sent on a June 1939 Kindertransport [Children's Transport] from Germany to Great Britain. Her older sisters, Bertl, Edith, and Ruth, had gone in March. Esther was placed with Dorothy and Harry Harrison and their son Alan in Norwich. Her foster father worked in a shoe factory and may have repaired these boots as Esther grew, as he did 2012.451.2, the other boots she brought from Germany. These childhood items were returned to Esther in 1964 by her foster brother as a gift from her foster mother who had...

  4. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 [funfzig] kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Aaron Rauner family collection

    Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip for 50 kronen owned by Wolfgang Rauner. The scrip was issued in the camp in 1943. All currency was confiscated from inmates upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. Theresienstadt was a multi-use camp, acting as a settlement, transit camp, and propaganda tool, for 3.5 years, from November 24, 1941 to May 9, 1945. It was located near Prague, in a region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany, renamed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and made part of the Greater German Reich. Wolfgang and his ...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Aaron Rauner family collection

    Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip for 20 kronen owned by Wolfgang Rauner. The scrip was issued in the camp in 1943. All currency was confiscated from inmates upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. Theresienstadt was a multi-use camp, acting as a settlement, transit camp, and propaganda tool, for 3.5 years, from November 24, 1941 to May 9, 1945. It was located near Prague, in a region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany. Wolfgang and his family fled Trier, Germany, for Luxembourg in September 1935 to escape the escalating persec...

  6. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Aaron Rauner family collection

    Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip for 2 kronen owned by Wolfgang Rauner. The scrip was issued in the camp in 1943. All currency was confiscated from inmates upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. Theresienstadt was a multi-use camp, acting as a settlement, transit camp, and propaganda tool, for 3.5 years, from November 24, 1941 to May 9, 1945. It was located near Prague, in a region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany, renamed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and made part of the Greater German Reich. Wolfgang and his f...

  7. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, acquired by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Aaron Rauner family collection

    Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip for 100 kronen owned by Wolfgang Rauner. The scrip was issued in the camp in 1943. All currency was confiscated from inmates upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. Theresienstadt was a multi-use camp, acting as a settlement, transit camp, and propaganda tool, for 3.5 years, from November 24, 1941 to May 9, 1945. It was located near Prague, in a region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany, renamed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and made part of the Greater German Reich. Wolfgang and his...

  8. Faux alligator suitcase issued to inmates released in Bergen-Belsen prisoner exchange

    Suitcase given to 20-year-old Toni Klar and her parents for their departure from Bergen-Belsen concentration camp to Palestine in July 1944 as part of an exchange of camp inmates for German prisoners-of-war in British custody. The suitcase was originally owned by Pauline Eisenhardt, who had perished in Theresienstadt. Toni and her parents were refugees from Germany who were deported from Amsterdam to Bergen-Belsen in January 1944. While in Amsterdam, they had obtained certificates for Palestine and received a Putkammer letter ensuring their safety. The inmates selected for the prisoner exch...

  9. Herman Neudorf papers

    1. Herman Neudorf collection

    The Herman Neudorf papers contain the papers of Herman Neudorf, a former concentration camp prisoner and Holocaust survivor. Documents include papers related to his internment at Kaiserwald and Buchenwald including identification cards and personal testimony. Other documents include identification and passes collected while he was a refugee after liberation, and numerous documents pertaining to his emigration to Paris and later Colombia. Also included are various items relating to relatives including death and marriage certificates.

  10. Brown strap wrist watch worn postwar by a former labor camp inmate and aid worker

    1. George Birman collection

    Dark brown leather wrist watch worn by Hirsch Birman after the war as a refugee in Vienna, Austria. Hirsch and his father Abel lived in Kovno, (Kaunas) Lithuania, which was occupied by Germany on June 22, 1941. They fled, but were caught and brought back. On August 15, they were forced into a sealed ghetto. Hirsch was sent to Kedahnen concentration/labor camp in September, and Abel arrived in spring 1943. When the camp was being evacuated on July 9, 1944, due to approaching Soviet forces, they escaped through holes that Hirsch cut with pliers in the barbed wire fences. They hid in the fores...

  11. Hunting knife with leather sheath used by Lithuanian labor camp inmate

    1. George Birman collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn13556
    • English
    • a: Height: 8.125 inches (20.638 cm) | Width: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) b: Height: 8.375 inches (21.273 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm)

    Survival knife with a leather sheath worn by Hirsch Birman, who called it a Boy Scout knife, following his escape from Kedhanen concentration/labor camp in July 1944. Hirsch and his father Abel lived in Kovno, (Kaunas) Lithuania, which was occupied by Germany on June 22, 1941. They fled, but were caught and brought back. On August 15, they were forced into a sealed ghetto. Hirsch was sent to Kedahnen concentration/labor camp in September, and Abel arrived in spring 1943. When the camp was being evacuated on July 9, 1944, due to approaching Soviet forces, they escaped through holes that Hirs...

  12. Children’s Songs for Two Little Ones Children’s songbook brought with a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    Small, illustrated children’s songbook taken with Nellie Wiesenthal when she immigrated to the United States in January 1939, from Berlin, Germany, via Switzerland and France. The booklet was published in Berlin, on February 15, 1891, and printed by Julius Sittenfeld. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. Following the passage of the Nuremberg laws in 1935, Nellie’s father, Fritz, began looking for places where the family could immigrate as life became increasingly difficult. Later that year, Fritz, a doctor, and Nellie’s mother, Gertrude, sent her older siste...

  13. Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna (ZSS-Jewish Self Aid) activities in the Generalgouvernement, 1939-1943

    • ארכיון יד ושם / Yad Vashem Archives
    • 5083562
    • English, Hebrew
    • 1939-1944
    • Administrative documentation Application Balance sheet Correspondence Financial accounts List of Jews List of names Lists Report Reports Statistical data Statistical report Survey report

    Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna (ZSS-Jewish Self Aid) activities in the Generalgouvernement, 1939-1943 The Jewish Self Aid organization (in Polish: Zydowska Samopomoc Spoleczna [ZSS]; in German: Juedische Soziale Selbshilfe) was set up in Krakow in 1940; it went by this name until July 1942. After that date, the organization's welfare activities were cut back by order of the German authorities, and they mainly consisted of the transferring of medicines to Jews in labor camps until this activity, too, was discontinued in mid-1944. ZSS documentation includes correspondence between the administra...

  14. White damask napkin with embroidered monograms saved by a German Jewish prewar emigre

    1. Karlsruher, Schweizer and Eisenmann family collection

    Linen napkin embroidered with their initials brought by Jella Furth Karlsruher and her daughter Ruth, age 18, when they escaped Nazi Germany in August 1940. The napkin and other items from her trousseau were sent in crates to Holland and then later to New York. When Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933, Nathan, Jella and Ruth were living in Mannheim. Following Nathan’s death in October 1933, Jella and Ruth moved in with Jella’s daughter from her first marriage, Irene Schweizer, her husband Friedrich, and son Hans. Ruth experienced anti-Semitism constantly. During Kristallnacht on Novembe...

  15. Voigtlander Bessa camera and case used by a German Jewish family while imprisoned in Gurs

    1. Renee Kann Silver family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn87409
    • English
    • a: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm) | Depth: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) b: Height: 6.750 inches (17.145 cm) | Width: 3.750 inches (9.525 cm) | Depth: 1.875 inches (4.763 cm)

    Voigtlander Bessa self-erecting camera and fitted leather case used by Renee, Edith, Edmund, and Friedel Kann, a German Jewish refugee family from Saarbrucken, Germany, while they were imprisoned in Gurs internment camp in Vichy France from May to August 1940. Renee’s family left Saarland after its 1935 reunification with Germany and settled in France. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded France, and 7 days later, Renee’s family was arrested by French authorities as enemy aliens. They were sent to Gurs internment camp in southwestern France. On August 14, the family was released and settled in ...

  16. Decorated porcelain teacup saved by a German Jewish prewar refugee

    1. Nellie Wiesenthal Fink family collection

    Meissen, ivy-patterned teacup brought with Gertrude Wiesenthal when she emigrated from Berlin, Germany. In March 1939, Gertrude joined her husband, Fritz, and daughters, Illa and Nellie, in the United States. The teacup bears the Meissen, crossed swords maker’s mark and the number 44 beneath, which may be a date stamp indicating it was produced in 1844. Pieces bearing the ivy pattern are often accented with gold lines, and the lack of those here may suggest that this is a factory second, which Gertrude enjoyed acquiring. On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was elected Chancellor of Germany. F...

  17. Brown leather suitcase used by a Polish Jewish refugee family

    1. William and Bela Citron and Miriam Citron Burhans collection

    Leather suitcase used by the Citron (Cytrynblum) family, 24 year-old Wolf, 22 year-old Bela, and 1 year-old Gela when they emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1949. Bela and Wolf both had been deported from their hometowns in German occupied Poland to the HASAG forced labor camp in Czechostowa, where they first met. Bela was transferred to another labor camp that was liberated in 1944 by the Soviets. Wolf was transferred to several other labor camps and was liberated in January 1945. They both lost nearly all of their family during the Holocaust. They met again after the war in a...

  18. Velikie lozhi evreiskogo ordena "Bnei-Brit" v lugoslavii i Gretsii i ikh dochernie lozhi

    • The Grand Lodges of B'nai B'rith in Yugoslavia and Greece and their Affiliated Lodges (consolidated collection)

    The collection includes documents reflecting the activities of the Grand Lodge of B'nai B'rith in Yugoslavia and its affiliated lodges "Serbia," "Sarajevo," and "Zagreb." These include circulars from leaders of the Grand Lodge to affiliated lodges; a register of proceedings of the "Serbia" lodge, and a list of its board members; brief biographical information oThe collection includes documents reflecting the activities of the Grand Lodge of B'nai B'rith in Yugoslavia and its affiliated lodges "Serbia," "Sarajevo," and "Zagreb." These include circulars from leaders of the Grand Lodge to affi...

  19. Slide rule used by Mayer Altarac whose family fled from German occupying forces

    1. Jaša and Enica Frances Altarac families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn520797
    • English
    • a: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm) b: Height: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm)

    Slide rule used by Mayer Altarac in his stonework and home design business in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (later Serbia). In September 1941, he fled with his wife, Mimi, and seven-year-old son, Jas̆a, following the German occupation in April. They went to Skopje, Macedonia, then under Bulgarian control because Yugoslavia had been dismembered by the Axis Alliance. A month later, Mayer encountered a man from Kosovo who recognized him as Jewish and the Altarac family fled that night to Pristina, which was under Italian control. There as a large Jewish refugee population there, as the Italians did not...

  20. Drawing of a sleeping seminude woman sleeping on her side by a German Jewish internee

    1. Lili Andrieux collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn110
    • English
    • 1940
    • overall: Height: 11.000 inches (27.94 cm) | Width: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) pictorial area: Height: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm) | Width: 8.625 inches (21.908 cm)

    Sketch of a sleeping, seminude woman at Gurs internment camp, drawn by Lili Andrieux, a German Jewish internee. Lili created over 100 detailed drawings of people and daily life in the internment camps where she was held from May 1940 - September 1942 in France. Alençon was a collection center for transport to Camp de Gurs in Vichy France. After surrendering to Nazi Germany in June 1940, France was divided into two zones: a German military occupation zone and Free France under the Vichy regime. Gurs, built in spring 1939 to hold refugees from Spain, became an internment center for Jewish re...