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Displaying items 3,181 to 3,200 of 3,431
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  1. Bois 1942 hand stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit hand stamp with Bois 1942 made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife Nelly,...

  2. Police commissioner stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit police commissioner hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger in southern France between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents made by the French resistance. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert, two other sisters, and Robert’s wife N...

  3. Murianette town hall stamp made to forge papers for the resistance

    1. Gilbert Leidervarger and Donoff family collection

    Counterfeit unmounted hand stamp made by Gilbert Leidervarger between 1942 and 1944 to authenticate forged documents for the French resistance. It is a town hall stamp for Murianette near Grenoble in southern France. Recreating official rubber stamps was difficult because of the special materials and carving skills required. Erasing rubber was not really suitable; some forgers used linoleum or sliced and combined sections from purloined or discontinued stamps. After Germany invaded France on May 10, 1940, Gilbert, wife Suzanne Donoff, and Suzanne’s six siblings, Lina, Rosette, David, Robert...

  4. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 23 and 24 -- Testimony of L. Wells, H. Ross, and J. Buzminsky

    Session 23. Adolf Eichmann stands as the Presiding Judge enters and then sits down. WS of the courtroom. The Presiding Judge takes notes and declares the twenty-third Session of the trial open. He then confirms that applications submitted by Dr. Servatius will be discussed later on. Servatius states that the evidence given by the witness, Dr. Wells, is irrelevant and repetitive and thus should not be submitted. Attorney General Hausner responds by saying that Eichmann was appointed by Reinhard Heydrich, who was in charge of exterminating the Jews, and offers several other examples as well. ...

  5. Iron Cross, 2nd class, 2 ribbons, and box awarded to a German Jewish soldier for bravery in WWI

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523076
    • English
    • 1914-1918
    • a: Height: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) b: Height: 6.000 inches (15.24 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) c: Height: 5.875 inches (14.923 cm) | Width: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) d: Height: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) | Width: 2.875 inches (7.302 cm) | Depth: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm)

    Iron Cross 2nd Class medal awarded to Moritz Henschel for his bravery on August 14, 1915, on the Italian front in World War I (1914-1918.) Moritz was an influential lawyer in Berlin when Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. As government persecution of Jews intensified, Moritz and Hildegard sent their daughters Marianne, 15, to Palestine and Lilly, 13, to England in 1939. Moritz was on the board of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, created by the Nazi government in February 1939 to organize Jewish affairs. The Association was eventually forced to assist with deportations...

  6. Drawing of Jewish Council member as circus ringmaster drawn by camp inmate

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection

    Caricature drawn by Peter Kien for Moritz Henschel while both were imprisoned in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. It depicts Moritz as a circus ringmaster. Moritz was a member of the Jewish Council in the camp and Kien was an influential artist and playwright who also designed the camp currency. Kien was deported to Auschwitz in October 1944 and died soon after arrival. Moritz was an influential lawyer in Berlin when Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. As the government persecution of Jews intensified, Moritz and Hildegard sent their daughters Marianne, 15, to Palestine and Li...

  7. Etching of a sad young boy in an internment camp created postwar by a Swiss Aid nurse/rescuer

    1. Margot Schwarzschild Wicki collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn518759
    • English
    • 1942
    • overall: Height: 10.125 inches (25.718 cm) | Width: 6.500 inches (16.51 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.875 inches (17.463 cm) | Width: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm)

    Sepia ink etched print of a melancholy young boy created by Friedel Bohny-Reiter circa 1989. It is based upon memories of the Rivesaltes internment camp in France where she worked from 1941-1942 as a nurse for Secours Suisse aux Enfants [Swiss Aid to Children]. She gave the drawing to Margot Schwarzschild Wicki who as a 10 year old child was interned in the camp. In 1940, Margot, her parents, Richard and Luisi, and Hannelore, 11, were deported to Gurs prison camp from Kaiserlautern, Germany. They were transferred to Rivesaltes and, in 1942, placed on a list of Jews to be deported to concent...

  8. Pencil sketch of a young boy with haunted eyes created postwar by a Swiss Aid nurse and rescuer

    1. Margot Schwarzschild Wicki collection

    Pencil and ink sketch of a young boy with large, dark, despairing eyes created by Friedel Bohny-Reiter in 1989. It is labelled draft and resembles her etching, 2006.464.2. It is based upon memories of the Rivesaltes internment camp in France where she worked from 1941-1942 as a nurse for Secours Suisse aux Enfants [Swiss Aid to Children]. She gave the drawing to Margot Schwarzschild Wicki who as a 10 year old child was interned in the camp. In 1940, Margot, her parents, Richard and Luisi,and 11 year old Hannelore, were deported to Gurs prison camp from Kaiserlautern, Germany. They were tran...

  9. Red crayon sketch of 4 females in heavy scarves created postwar by a Swiss Aid nurse and rescuer

    1. Margot Schwarzschild Wicki collection

    Red Conte crayon sketch created by Friedel Bohny-Reiter in 1989. It depicts a partial view of four females of varying age, with their heads wrapped in scarves, standing close together. It is based upon memories of the Rivesaltes internment camp in France where she worked from 1941-1942 as a nurse for Secours Suisse aux Enfants [Swiss Aid to Children]. She gave the drawing to Margot Schwarzschild Wicki who as a 10 year old child was interned in the camp. In 1940, Margot, her parents, Richard and Luisi,and 11 year old Hannelore, were deported to Gurs prison camp from Kaiserlautern, Germany. T...

  10. Plaid handkerchief monogrammed HG given by Hermann Goering to an American guard at Nuremberg

    1. Herbert C. Durkee collection

    Handkerchief embroidered HG and given by Hermann Goering to Herbert C. Durkee, an American guard at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany, between August 1945 and January 1946. Herbert guarded Goering and helped him control his drug dependency to paracodeine. Goering gave Durkee the handkerchief, one of his last personal possessions, in appreciation of Durkee’s kindness. During the war, 2nd Lt. Durkee was a platoon officer in a field artillery unit and fought in France. The war ended when Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945. In August, 1st Lt. Durkee was transferred to se...

  11. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 500 million marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 500 million marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was issued in 1923 by the German government and is an example of the money printed during the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. The small circle watermark indicates a private firm printer. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Erich’s law practice in Vienna was confiscated because he was Jewish. In November, he decided to leave the country for the United States with his wife, Ella, and two step-daughters, Amelia and Gerda. After the war ended in May 1945, Erich worked as a c...

  12. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 1 billion marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 1 billion marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was originally issued in 1922 by the German government in the amount of 1,000 marks but as a result of hyperinflation it was overprinted with a 1 billion amount in 1923. It features an image of the Meister of the Imperial German Mint, Jorg Herz. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Erich’s law practice in Vienna was confiscated because he was Jewish. In November, he decided to leave the country for the United States with his wife, Ella, and two step-daughters, Amelia and Gerda. Af...

  13. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 1 billion marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 1 billion marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was originally issued in 1922 by the German government in the amount of 1,000 marks but as a result of hyperinflation it was overprinted with a 1 billion amount in 1923. It features an image of the Meister of the Imperial German Mint, Jorg Herz. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Erich’s law practice in Vienna was confiscated because he was Jewish. In November, he decided to leave the country for the United States with his wife, Ella, and two step-daughters, Amelia and Gerda. Af...

  14. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 1 billion marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 1 billion marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was originally issued in 1922 by the German government in the amount of 1,000 marks but as a result of hyperinflation it was overprinted with a 1 billion amount in 1923. It features an image of the Meister of the Imperial German Mint, Jorg Herz. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Erich’s law practice in Vienna was confiscated because he was Jewish. In November, he decided to leave the country for the United States with his wife, Ella, and two step-daughters, Amelia and Gerda. Af...

  15. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 2 million marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 2 million marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was issued in 1923 by the German government during the hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. The oak leaf garland watermark indicates a private firm printer. It features an image of the Hanse merchant, Georg Giese. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Erich’s law practice in Vienna was confiscated because he was Jewish. In November, he decided to leave the country for the United States with his wife, Ella, and two step-daughters, Amelia and Gerda. After the war ended in May 1945,...

  16. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 100 billion marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 100 billion marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was issued in 1923 by the German government during the period of hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help family members escape Europe, but Erich lost nearly all his fami...

  17. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 500 million marks, owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Emergency currency, valued at 500 million marks, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier. The note was issued in 1923 by the German government during the period of hyperinflation of the Weimar Republic. The small circle watermark indicates a private firm printer.After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help fami...

  18. Japanese invasion money, half gulden, acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Japanese invasion money, half gulden, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945-1946 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. Japan occupied the Dutch East Indies in March 1942 and soon began issuing invasion currency. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submitted several affidavits of support to help...

  19. Japanese invasion banknote, 10 pesos, acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Japanese invasion money, 10 pesos, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945-1946 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. Japan occupied the Philippines in January 1942 and soon began issuing invasion currency. The serial letters PM, suggests an early issue. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella submit...

  20. Japanese invasion banknote, 5 centavos, acquired postwar by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Ella Hochstadt Gruber Maier and Erich Maier family collection

    Japanese invasion money, 5 centavos, likely acquired by Dr. Erich Maier in 1945-1946 in Germany where he worked for the US War Department and the World Jewish Congress. Japan occupied the Philippines in January 1942 and soon began issuing invasion currency. The serial letters PM, suggests an early issue. After Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in March 1938, Dr. Maier and his family decided to leave due to the anti-Jewish laws and persecution by the German authorities. In November 1938, Erich, his wife Ella, and his stepdaughters, Amelia, 9, and Gerda, 7, left for the US. He and Ella subm...