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Displaying items 3,041 to 3,060 of 3,431
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  1. Eichmann Trial -- Sessions 110 and 111 -- Hausner sums up for Prosecution

    Sessions 110 and 111. Judges enter the courtroom and open Session 110 of the trial (duplicate footage on Tape 2211). 00:02:07 Hausner begins summing up his case. He says that this is the trial of one of the ghoulish personalities which history will forever remember. He reminds everyone of the struggles of the witnesses, of Auschwitz, of religious leaders being degraded, of torturous activities, of murder. He says that man cannot create a nightmare so terrible, and yet it happened, created by Eichmann. He says that after hearing all this, Eichmann got his turn, and 16 years later he does not...

  2. Doll given to a young Jewish girl who escaped Germany on the Kindertransport

    A doll given to Esther Rosenfeld as a child by Dorothy Harrison when she was in the United Kingdom. Dorothy Harrison was the mother of the family that was caring for Esther after she arrived on the Kindertransport. She received the doll for Esther from an acquaintance who brought it over to the Harrison's home once she found out that Esther was a refugee living with the family in Norwich, England.

  3. Operation Annie - December 7, 1944

    1. Operation Annie broadcasts

    TRACK 1 0:00-1:48: "Trojan Horse" signature theme (organ) 1:50: Radio 1212 program begins. 2:25: News from the Front. The focus of fighting is on the Saar Front, where the Westwall was breached 2 km north of Saarlautern. South of Saarbrücken there were fierce tank battles in the region near Rarlingen. 2:45: A US effort to capture German positions from the flank has made further progress. The German divisions' path to withdrawal from Alsace is growing narrower. There is not much to report from the northern area near Cologne. 3:05: US infantry broke through defensive lines north of Saarlauter...

  4. Sophie Turner-Zaretsky papers

    1. Sophie Turner-Zaretsky collection

    The papers consist of 47 photographs of Selma Schwarzwald (now Sophie Turner-Zaretsky, donor) and her family before and during the Holocaust, a group of school notebooks and books used by the donor in hiding, certificates issued to the donor's mother in her false name, correspondence written by the donor's mother and the donor between 1935 and 1950, correspondence written by the donor's maternal uncle who died in Palestine, an autograph album, and various other documents.

  5. Black leather bi-fold wallet used by a Jewish family in hiding

    1. Lea Abramowicz family collection

    Black leather wallet used by Lea Abramowicz and her husband Mendel while the couple lived in hiding in German occupied Belgium from September 1942 to September 1944. Lea and Mendel were living in Brussels when Germany invaded on May 10, 1940. After the Germans began large scale deportations of Jews in September 1942, they went into hiding under the false surname Abeloos. One month later, Lea had a son, Georges, who was hidden separately. Lea and Mendel stayed in their apartment for a year and a half, then moved to the outskirts of Brussels, assisted by Oskar and Nana Ruyts. Lea eventually h...

  6. Star of David badge with letter J owned by Jewish Belgian couple

    1. Lea Abramowicz family collection

    Star of David badge worn by Lea or Mendel Abramowicz in Brussels, Belgium, until the couple went into hiding in September 1942. On May 27, 1942, the German authorities decreed that all Belgian Jews had to wear a Star of David badge to identify them as Jews. Belgium was invaded by Nazi Germany on May 10, 1940. After the Germans began large scale deportations of Jews in September 1942, the couple went into hiding under the false surname Abeloos. One month later, Lea had a son, Georges, who was hidden separately. Lea and Mendel stayed in their apartment for a year and a half, then moved to the...

  7. Beige purse with cross stitched initials used by a Jewish woman in hiding

    1. Lea Abramowicz family collection

    Monogrammed cloth clutch used by Lea Abramowicz and her husband Mendel while the couple lived in hiding in German occupied Belgium from September 1942 to September 1944. The couple used the purse to store photographs and correspondence. It might originally have been Lea's mother's, Tauba Mescherowsky. Lea and Mendel were living in Brussels when Germany invaded on May 10, 1940. After the Germans began large scale deportations of Jews in September 1942, they went into hiding under the false surname Abeloos. One month later, Lea had a son, Georges, who was hidden separately. Lea and Mendel sta...

  8. Handkerchief carried by Hilde Anker on a Kindertransport

    1. Anker family collection

    The handkerchief was carried by Hilde Anker (later Fogelson) on a Kindertransport from Berlin, Germany, to England in June 1939. Hilde and her sister, Eva, were placed on the transport on June 12. On the way, the transport stopped in Bremen, and the sisters sent their parents, Georg and Gertrude Anker, a postcard.

  9. Book

    1. Hildegard and Moritz Henschel collection

    Book of Goethe's writings taken from the Theresienstadt ghetto library by Moritz Henschel, who was imprisoned there from June 1943 - May 1945. Moritz was an influential lawyer in Berlin when Hitler came to power in Germany in January 1933. As the government persecution of Jews intensified, Moritz and Hildegard sent their daughters Marianne, 15, to Palestine and Lilly, 13, to England in 1939. Moritz was on the board of the Reich Association of Jews in Germany, created by the Nazi government in February 1939 to organize Jewish affairs. The Association was eventually forced to assist with depo...

  10. Renée Lang papers

    1. Renee Konstandt Lang collection

    The Renée Lang papers contain biographical materials, correspondence, and photocopies of restitution paperwork documenting Renée Konstandt Lang’s family, their experiences in Austria and in various concentration camps after the Anschluss, the deaths of Lang’s parents and brother in Łódź, Dachau, Schwarzenberg, and possibly Auschwitz and Lang’s efforts to obtain restitution. Biographical materials document the lives of Hugo, Olga, and Raoul Konstandt and Renée Lang and include birth certificates, marriage certificates, citizenship records, passports, certificates of deportation, and a member...

  11. Necklace of found materials made in a camp by an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Renee Konstandt Lang collection

    Necklace created by Renee Konstandt, 18, from materials she saved while imprisoned in Auschwitz and other camps during and immediately after the war ended in May 1945. The ID tag used in the necklace was given to her by a friend in Auschwitz. In October 1941, Renee's parents were deported from Vienna, Austria, to the Jewish ghetto in Łódź, Poland. Due to a clerical error, Renee and her older brother, Raoul, 20, were not put on the transport. They were deported in January 1941 to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp. In May 1944, they were sent to Auschwitz, where they were separated. Renee was ...

  12. Margot Schwarzschild Wicki papers

    1. Margot Schwarzschild Wicki collection

    The Margot Schwarzschild Wicki papers contain documents and photographs relating to her family’s stay at the Gurs and Rivesaltes camps, and their eventual rescue by the Swiss Red Cross. These documents are primarily identification papers, including certificates of internment, baptism and vaccination documents, and identity cards. The material from the Schwarzschild’s time with the Swiss Red Cross includes invitations to join, correspondence, and a bound hand-book given by the children to the Elsa Ruth. The post-war documents include return visits that Margot made to Gurs, and an anniversary...

  13. Łódź ghetto scrip, 20 mark note

    1. Steffa Horowitz Mairanz collection

    Scrip acquired by 22 year-old Steffa (Shifra) Horowitz Mairanz (Marjanc) from family members who lived in the Jewish ghetto in Łódź, Poland. Steffa, her husband, and their infant daughter, who was born April 12, 1940, lived in hiding in different towns near Łódź to avoid being interned in any ghettos. Steffa managed to smuggle several family members out of the Łódź ghetto before it was destroyed by the Germans in 1944.

  14. Frank Meissner papers

    1. Frank Meissner collection

    The Frank Meissner papers contain material related to Frank Meissner, a student and member of a Zionist youth group who fled Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) and attended school in Denmark, Sweden, and England during World War II. The majority of the papers are correspondence from Frank’s parents, living in his hometown of Třešť, and later Theresienstadt concentration camp. In addition, the collection includes school, financial, and identification documents. The photographs in the collection are of Frank and his family, the town of Třešť, and various moments during his time as a student in E...

  15. Gold Krzyz Zaslugi [Cross of Merit] with ribbon, certificate, and box awarded to a Polish midwife for postwar service

    1. Salomea Herszenberg Kape family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523420
    • English
    • a-b: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 1.620 inches (4.115 cm) c: Height: 5.620 inches (14.275 cm) | Width: 3.000 inches (7.62 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) d: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 2.870 inches (7.29 cm) | Depth: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm)

    Gold Cross of Merit medal with attached ribbon ribbon, case, and certificate presented to Anna Toronczyk in 1964 by Poland for her exemplary service as a midwife. Anna was living in Łódź, Poland, when the Germans invaded in September 1939. She worked as a midwife in the hospital in the Jewish ghetto until September 1940, when she escaped to the Soviet Union. Her twin sister, Roza Herszenberg, assumed her position in the hospital. Anna was in the Soviet Union until 1946-47, when she was repatriated and able to return to Łódź to be with her family. Roza, her husband Calel, and daughter Salome...

  16. Łódź ghetto scrip, 50 pfennig note, saved from the ghetto

    1. Salomea Herszenberg Kape family collection

    Scrip used by Salomea Herszenberg while she was imprisoned in the Jewish ghetto in Łódź, Poland. When the Germans transferred Jews to the ghetto, they confiscated all currency in exchange for Quittungen [receipts] that could be spent only inside the ghetto. In February 1940, following Germany's occupation of Poland in September 1939, 14-year old Salomea and her family were forced to move there. Salomea attended school and her parents worked their same jobs; her mother was a midwife, her father delivered textiles. In spring 1944, the Germans decided to destroy the ghetto. With the assitance ...

  17. Bronze Krzyz Zaslugi [Cross of Merit] awarded to a Polish midwife for postwar service

    1. Salomea Herszenberg Kape family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523173
    • English
    • a-b: Height: 4.125 inches (10.478 cm) | Width: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) c: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 1875.000 inches (4762.5 cm) | Depth: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) d: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) e: Height: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm) | Width: 3.125 inches (7.938 cm)

    Bronze medal with attached ribbon, molded box, and certificate presented to Anna Toronczyk in 1956 by the government of Poland for her exemplary service as a midwife. Anna was living in Łódź, Poland, when the Germans invaded in September 1939. She worked as a midwife in the hospital in the Jewish ghetto until September 1940, when she escaped to the Soviet Union. Her twin sister, Roza Herszenberg, assumed her position in the hospital. Anna was in the Soviet Union until 1946-47, when she was repatriated and able to return to Łódź to be with her family. Roza, her husband Calel, and daughter Sa...

  18. Wooden spinning wheel used while in hiding in Belgium

    1. Laja Grad Iarchy collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn523303
    • English
    • 1942-1945
    • a: Height: 35.500 inches (90.17 cm) | Width: 16.750 inches (42.545 cm) | Depth: 11.500 inches (29.21 cm) b: Height: 8.380 inches (21.285 cm) | Width: 3.620 inches (9.195 cm) | Depth: 3.250 inches (8.255 cm) c: Height: 10.500 inches (26.67 cm) | Width: 9.380 inches (23.825 cm) | Depth: 2.870 inches (7.29 cm)

    Spinning wheel purchased by Laja Iarchy while she was living in hiding with her family in Durbuy, Belgium. She used it to spin wool from local sheep from which she knitted socks and sweaters that she sold to support her family. After the Germans invaded Belgium in May 1940, they enacted anti-Jewish legislation, confiscated property, and soon were targeting Jews for deportation to labor camps. To escape persecution, the Iarchy family decided to go into hiding in early 1942. Laja, her 3 year old son, Jean, and her mother left Antwerp and, with the assistance of the Belgium resistance, found r...

  19. Treadle sewing machine table of the type used in Łódź Ghetto

    1. Eastern European sewing equipment collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn4096
    • English
    • 1930-1945
    • a: Height: 28.875 inches (73.343 cm) | Width: 23.250 inches (59.055 cm) | Depth: 17.375 inches (44.133 cm) b: Height: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Width: 38.250 inches (97.155 cm) | Depth: 22.875 inches (58.103 cm)

    Wooden and cast iron sewing machine table top and base of the type used by Jewish forced laborers in Łódź Ghetto in German occupied Poland from May 1940 to summer 1944. Łódź was occupied by Germany a week after the September 1939 invasion of Poland. It was renamed Litzmannstadt and, in February 1940, the Jewish population, about 160,000 people, was confined to a small sealed off ghetto. All residents had to work and many were forced laborers in ghetto factories. Eventually, nearly 100 factories were in operation. The major ones produced textiles, including uniforms for the German Army. Due ...

  20. Pfaff industrial sewing machine with treadle of the type used in Łódź Ghetto

    1. Eastern European sewing equipment collection

    Treadle sewing machines like this Pfaff industrial model were used by Jewish forced laborers in Łódź Ghetto in German occupied Poland from May 1940 to summer 1944. This mass produced machine was very durable and affordable. Łódź was occupied by Germany a week after the September 1939 invasion of Poland. It was renamed Litzmannstadt and, in February 1940, the Jewish population, about 160,000 people, was confined to a small sealed off ghetto. All residents had to work and many were forced laborers in ghetto factories. Eventually, nearly 100 factories were in operation. The major ones produced...