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Displaying items 261 to 280 of 3,431
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  1. Text only yellow poster for a performance by members of the St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra

    1. Sonia Beker collection

    Broadside preserved by Fania Durmashkin advertising a concert and dance performance by members of the St. Ottilien displaced persons orchestra, also known as the ex-concentration camp orchestra, or orchestra of survivors, formed at the St. Ottilien DP camp in Germany. From 1945-1948, they performed Yiddish and Hebrew music and classical works to audiences throughout wartorn cities in the US and British occupied zones. Fania, a pianist, and Henia, a folk and opera singer, members of the orchestra, were the only survivors of a wellknown musical family from Vilna, Poland (Vilnius, Lithuania).T...

  2. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  3. Envelope fragment with two stamps acquired by a Roman Catholic Polish youth

    1. Hermanowski family collection

    Envelope fragment with two stamps issued in 1943 by the Polish government-in-exile, while based in London, England, and acquired by Wojciech Hermanowski. These are two of the eight second-issue stamps, which were only valid in friendly and neutral nations, such as Great Britain. The stamps helped raise money for the Ministry of Finance, and were used as propaganda to remind the public that the Polish military was still fighting, even while their territory was occupied by Germany. Wojciech was a Roman Catholic boy living with his parents, Jan and Stanislawa, and his older brother, Andrzej, i...

  4. Ehud Avriel

    Ehud Avriel was born in Vienna and became active in escape and rescue operations after the Germans invaded. He continued this work once he reached Palestine in 1939. Avriel later held several positions in the Israeli government. FILM ID 3100 -- Camera Rolls #1-4 -- 01:00:07 to 01:33:11 Roll 1 01:00:07 Ehud Avriel sits in a chair in front of a window overlooking the ocean, most likely in a hotel or office in Tel Aviv, Israel. Claude Lanzmann remains off camera while he asks Avriel questions about the missions he was involved in during the war. Avriel was part of a group of emissaries called ...

  5. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June ...

  6. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 20 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  7. Mica flakes cut by a German Jewish female slave laborer

    1. Emma Jonas family collection

    Mica flakes from the glimmer [mica] factory near Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp where Emma Jonas was a slave laborer. The work of splitting the mineral mica into flakes was hazardous and created a dust that caused lung diseases among the workers. Emma was deported from Berlin and imprisoned in Theresienstadt in German occupied Czechoslovakia from November 1944 to May 1945. After Kristallnacht, November 9-10, 1938, Emma, her husband Martin, and daughter Helga, 13, tried but failed to get visas for the family to leave Berlin. They then got Helga passage on a Kindertransport to England on Ma...

  8. WWI Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with Swords and fitted box awarded to a German Jewish veteran

    1. Maier Firnbacher family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn43004
    • English
    • a: Height: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) b: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Depth: 3.875 inches (9.843 cm) c: Height: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Width: 2.375 inches (6.032 cm) | Depth: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm)

    Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with Swords and fitted case of issue awarded to Maier Firnbacher in 1916 for bravery while serving in the German Army during World War I. Maier was a cattle trader in Straubing, Germany, when Hitler came to power in 1933. Jews were forbidden to practice certain professions and, in 1936, Maier's trading license was revoked. In 1938, he was forced to sell his farmland at a loss to a non-Jew. He got immigration visas for the United States for himself, his wife, Ida, and their 8 year old son, Manfred, then was arrested during Kristallnacht on November 10. He was r...

  9. Gold bracelet made from melted-down coins owned by an Austrian Lutheran émigré

    Gold bracelet designed by Elizabeth Deutschhausen and commissioned by her parents before she fled Vienna, Austria in 1939. The bracelet was made using 98.6-percent gold from Austrian ducats (coins), which were melted-down and repurposed into panels depicting different Alpine flowers. Elizabeth and her husband, Lutheran Pastor Wilhelm Deutschhausen, were living in Vienna when Germany annexed Austria during the March 1938 “Anschluss.” Many in the Austrian Protestant Church, which included Lutheranism, supported the creation of the “Reich Church” in Germany and a “nazified” version of Christia...

  10. Les Gueules Cassées French National Lottery ticket

    1. Eva and Zvi Schloss collection

    Les Gueules Cassées [Broken Jaws] French National Lottery ticket with a Hebrew foreign currency stamp acquired by Eva and Zvi Schloss, postwar for their collection. The lottery was offered by the French National Lottery office to provide money for the Union of the Wounded Face and Head Association or Broken Jaws, and other disfigured soldier's organizations. In March 1919, after World War I (1914-1918), France passed a law recognizing the right of injured veterans to compensation. Facial injuries were not considered disabling for work, however, and the maimed and disfigured were not eligibl...

  11. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 10 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 10 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 1...

  12. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 1 krone note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 1 krone, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 194...

  13. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 2 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 2 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 19...

  14. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, belonging to a German Jewish inmate

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Scrip, valued at 5 kronen, distributed to Heinz Frankenstein (later Henry Frank) in Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia between January 1943 and May 1945. At Theresienstadt, currency was confiscated from inmates and replaced with scrip, which could only be used in the camp. The scrip was part of an elaborate illusion to make the camp seem normal and appear as though workers were being paid for their labor, but the money had no real monetary value. Heinz, his mother, and two of his sisters were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in June 19...

  15. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, given to German Jewish prisoner

    1. Hans Benjamin Marx collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp to Hans Benjamin Marx, who was imprisoned at the camp between February 18 and May 8, 1945. At the camp, Hans was issued 50 kronen of ghetto money, which he only used as a deposit when he checked out books from the ghetto library. Hans spent most of the war in Frankfurt with his older sister, Claire, and their mother, Elise. Elise was a Protestant, but converted to Judaism before getting married to Hans’s father, Ernest. In November 1938, following the Kristallnacht pogrom, Ernest was arrested and transport...

  16. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, given to German Jewish prisoner

    1. Hans Benjamin Marx collection

    Scrip, valued at 100 kronen, distributed in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp to Hans Benjamin Marx, who was imprisoned at the camp between February 18 and May 8, 1945. At the camp, Hans was issued 50 kronen of ghetto money, which he only used as a deposit when he checked out books from the ghetto library. Hans spent most of the war in Frankfurt with his older sister, Claire, and their mother, Elise. Elise was a Protestant, but converted to Judaism before getting married to Hans’s father, Ernest. In November 1938, following the Kristallnacht pogrom, Ernest was arrested and transpor...

  17. Aleksander Kulisiewicz sound recordings - Jak umierał mój glos [JUM]

    1. Aleksander Kulisiewicz collection

    31 sound reels categorized by Kulisiewicz as "How my voice was dying." Kulisiewicz (A.K.) discusses various biographical information in (monologue) story form. This series is divided into various parts with their own sub-titles and includes recordings of songs and poetry. Reel 1 - JUM 1A Side A is part of "My mother's romance" (Part I) which includes a prologue, family history, and father. Side B is a continuation of Part II, "The Quail and the Lunatic" including Roob, Old songs from A.K.'s childhood, Rubato and Smierdzionka. Reel 2 - JUM 1B Side A is a continuation of "My mother's romance"...

  18. Watercolor greeting card of his barracks at Beaune-la-Rolande created by a camp inmate

    1. Max Feld and Rose Feld-Rosman collection

    New Year’s greeting card created by 27 year old Max Feld of the barracks where he lived while imprisoned at Beaune-la-Rolande internment camp in France from 1941-1942. Max made the card for his wife, Raisa, and their daughter, Esther, and it includes a handwritten message wishing them “a happy and healthy year.” After Paris was occupied by Germany in May 1940, foreign Jews were in danger of arrest and imprisonment. Max and his wife, Raisa, both deaf, were Jewish refugees from Germany and Poland. In May 1941, Max was arrested and, in July 1942, deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration ca...

  19. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 [funfzig] kronen note

    1. Eva and Zvi Schloss collection

    Scrip, valued at 50 kronen, issued in Theresienstadt (Terezin) ghetto-labor camp acquired by Eva and Zvi Schloss, postwar for their collection. All currency was confiscated from deportees upon entry and replaced with scrip and ration coupons that could be exchanged only in the camp. The Theresienstadt camp existed for 3.5 years, from November 24, 1941 to May 9, 1945. It was located in a region of Czechoslovakia occupied by Germany, renamed the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and made part of the Greater German Reich. Zvi Schloss, age 10, fled Nazi Germany, with his parents, Meier and I...

  20. Courtroom portrait of Hermann Göring listening on headphones created during the Trial of German Major War Criminals at Nuremberg

    1. Edward Vebell collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn521702
    • English
    • overall: Height: 14.000 inches (35.56 cm) | Width: 18.000 inches (45.72 cm) pictorial area: Height: 7.000 inches (17.78 cm) | Width: 8.250 inches (20.955 cm)

    Portrait of Field Marshall Hermann Göring (Goering) created by 24 year-old Edward Vebell, illustrator and US soldier, from the press gallery during the first months of the 1945 Trial of German Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg, Germany. Ed sat in the gallery for three days and used field glasses to capture the details of the defendant's faces. He had no water, so he had to use spit to create the halftones that add detail and nuance. Ed did 90% of his drawing in the courtroom, seeking to bring intimacy to the historical proceedings. The sketches wer...