Archival Descriptions

Advanced query tips

There are several ways to be more specific in your search query:

"Phrase"
Search an exact match of your query, e.g. "Member lists"
+Phrase
Given word has to be in the result, e.g. +Gestapo
-Phrase
Exclude given word from search, e.g. -Gestapo

Use the following syntax to restrict the search to specific fields:

field:"phrase"
For instance, you can find all descriptions that have the phrase "Auschwitz Birkenau" in their titles by searching for title:"Auschwitz Birkenau".

The following fields are currently available:

  • identifier
  • title
  • creator
  • person
  • place
  • subject
  • address
Displaying items 12,701 to 12,720 of 33,983
Search result ordering
Language of Description: English
Language of Description: Ukrainian

  1. Eichmann Trial -- Session 85 -- Written testimonies from Germany presented to the court re: Communists, questions, self-reliance

    Session 85. This tape includes the presentation of the records of testimonies of the following witnesses, but their names are not mentioned on the tape: Wilhelm Hoettl, Walter Huppenkothen, Eberhard von Thadden, Hans Jüttner, Theodore Horst Grell, and Kurt Becher. All of these individuals were witnesses for the Prosecution. An affidavit is being read, saying that Hitler included Communist leaders along with Jews in the laws, and this was the basis for the first executions of the Jews. The affidavit says that Generals refused to follow the order to execute Russian commissars and treated them...

  2. Eichmann Trial -- Session 85 -- Written testimonies from von Thadden, Juettner, and Grell are presented to the court

    Session 85. An affidavit is read, describing Mueller acting without Eichmann's knowledge. It says that he was cautious to the point of exaggeration, and could often be called fearful. 00:06:53 They move on to Eberhard von Thadden's testimony. Dr. Servatius selects the passages he wants to use so that the interpreter can read them afterwards. Von Thadden describes himself, and then begins describing his time with the SS and his duties with respect to Eichmann's office. He also describes Eichmann's rank within his office. 00:25:11 The affidavit says that he cannot point to a single case where...

  3. Eichmann Trial -- Session 86 -- Eichmann talks about Joel Brand and Hungary

    Session 86. Eichmann is asked about his encounters with Becher. Eichmann answers that he was forced to occupy his time with deportation and sent others to deal with his other duties, and had to present something that his superiors would approve concerning deportation. Joel Brand came to his office, and he began to throw numbers at him, including his invention of the ten percent clause. He knew that Brand could not negotiate with less than one million Jews. 00:12:20 Eichmann says he was amazed when his program was approved by Himmler. 00:15:37 Tape jumps and Eichmann says that he received fo...

  4. Eichmann Trial -- Session 87 -- Direct examination of the Accused re: his travel to Auschwitz, Chelmno, Lublin and his knowledge of the gassing program

    Footage begins in the middle of the session. Servatius examines the witness about the "Gordon Affair." Avraham Gordon was a witness for the prosecution who testified in session 54 on 26 May 1961. In his testimony, Gordon described how he worked as a forced laborer on the villa Eichmann occupied in Budapest. Gordon testified that Eichmann and a man named Slawik beat a Hungarian Jewish boy to death for allegedly stealing fruit from the property. Eichmann states that he does not know anything about this event and never physically harmed or killed a human being in his life. There is a large sec...

  5. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Cross examination of the Accused

    Camera fades in and zooms out on empty booth. People are heard talking in the background. Hausner is seen in the FG. Adolf Eichmann enters (00:01:35) carrying documents and sits placing headphones on the table and arranging the documents. MS, the prosecution desk (00:02:19) with Attorney General Gideon Hausner and Assistant State Attorneys Ya'akov Bar-Or, and Gabriel Bach seated examining documents. The camera zooms in on Eichmann. There is an overhead shot from the rear of the courtroom of the defense table with Servatius seated (00:04:24). All rise as the judges enter (00:06:42). Judge Mo...

  6. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Examination of the Accused as witness, completed

    The footage begins in the middle of session 88. Dr. Servatius asks Adolf Eichmann whether he knew the people he was responsible for deporting were being killed in the concentration camps. Eichmann replies that he had to carry out his orders and admits that he knew that some of the people were being killed in the camps. This is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2119 (at 00:06:44). Servatius asks the accused about his feelings of guilt. Eichmann gives a long reply in which he attempts to differentiate between his legal guilt and his ethical guilt (00:02:17). He says that he bears no politi...

  7. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Direct examination of the accused; decision on Sassen document

    The footage begins in the middle of Session 88. Eichmann, under direct examination, answers the question posed by Servatius about whether he talked to Theo Grell of the Foreign Office about the number of Jews being exterminated. Servatius asks Eichmann to comment on Grell's recollection that Eichmann said he had six million deaths on his conscience. Eichmann says that he was not referring to Jews at all but to the American and Russian bomber fleets. This is duplicate footage that also appears on Tape 2117 (at 00:59:17 to 01:07:26) and Tape 2120 (at 00:00:25), where it is more complete than ...

  8. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Cross-examination of the Accused

    The footage begins in the middle of Session 88. Eichmann, under direct examination, answers the question posed by Servatius about whether he talked to Theo Grell of the Foreign Office about the number of Jews being exterminated. Servatius asks Eichmann to comment on Grell's recollection that Eichmann said he had six million deaths on his conscience. This is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2117 (at 00:59:17) and Tape 2119 at (00:00:37). The footage resumes later in the session with cross-examination by Attorney General Gideon Hausner. Judge Landau warns Eichmann that he must answer Haus...

  9. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Decision about admissability of Sassen document; Cross-examination of the Accused

    The footage begins in the middle of Session 88. Judge Halevi presents the court's decision as to the admissability of the Sassen document. The Sassen document consisted of transcripts from an interview Adolf Eichmann gave to a Nazi Dutch journalist named Willem Sassen over a four-month period in 1957. This is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2119 (at 00:51:30). Although this is only a small section of Judge Halevi's statement, it is more complete on this tape than on Tape 2119. Judge Landau calls for a recess (00:18:35) and all rise as the judges exit. Eichmann leaves the booth. The foo...

  10. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Cross-examination of the Accused about membership in the Nazi party and antisemitism

    The footage begins near the end of Session 88 during cross-examination of Eichmann by Attorney General Gideon Hausner. Hausner questions the accused about his dismissal from the Austrian Vacuum Oil Company. Eichmann maintains that he was dismissed because of his marital status and not because he joined the Nazi party. A small part of this section is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2123 (at 01:06:39). Hausner then asks about Eichmann's membership in the NSDAP, the SD, whether he joined these organizations of his own free will (00:03:52), and whether he ever tried to leave the Nazi party...

  11. Eichmann Trial -- Session 88 -- Hausner cross-examines the Accused about his antisemitism

    The footage begins in the middle of the session. Attorney General Gideon Hausner cross-examines Adolf Eichmann about a statement Eichmann made: that he would gladly jump into his grave knowing that the war had taken the lives of five million Jewish enemies of the Reich. This is duplicate footage also found on Tape 2120 (at 00:17:49) and Tape 2121 (at 00:50:23). Tape 2120 is more complete. Hausner then questions the accused about a written statement in which Eichmann asserts that Adolf Hitler had already declared war on the Jews before the start of World War II (00:14:43). Eichmann says that...

  12. Eichmann Trial -- Session 89 -- Decision of the court to cancel session

    Session 89. Empty chairs of the Defense and Prosecution. People milling about the courtroom. 00:19:51 The Judges still haven't entered, and everyone is seated. Attorney General Hausner and Dr. Servatius are pulled and walk out of the courtroom. 00:31:06 Judges enter. They open the 89th session of the trial. The President of Court says that the Defense requests this session be cancelled because the medical condition of Eichmann prevents him from being cross examined in both the morning and afternoon. They cancel the morning session, and adjourn. Shots of people leaving.

  13. Eichmann Trial -- Session 89 -- Decision of the court to cancel session

    Session 89. Courtroom. People sitting and waiting for the Judges to enter. Almost immediately, Dr. Servatius runs out of the courtroom (duplicate footage from Tape 2124). 00:12:23 Judges enter. They open the 89th Session of the trial. The President of Court says that the Defense requests this session be cancelled because the medical condition of Eichmann prevents him from being cross examined in both the morning and afternoon. They cancel the morning session, and adjourn. Shots of people leaving.

  14. Eichmann Trial -- Session 90 -- Cross-examination of the Accused about forced emigration

    The footage begins near the opening of the session. Attorney General Gideon Hausner asks Adolf Eichmann if, when he joined the Nazi Party, he knew of the slogans "Awake, Germany Judea, Perish" and "When Jewish blood spurts from the knife." Eichmann states that he did not know these "songs" and that he joined the party not because of its program against the Jews but because of its stand against the Treaty of Versailles. This duplicates footage found on Tape 2129 (at 00:06:20). Hausner then asks Eichmann whether he knew that Hitler's aim was to destroy the Jews (00:03:56). Hausner questions E...

  15. Eichmann Trial -- Session 90 -- Cross-examination of the Accused about his forced emigration and his relations with the Jewish community of Vienna

    The footage begins in the middle of Session 90 during the cross-examination of Adolf Eichmann by Attorney General Gideon Hausner. Hausner questions the accused about the authenticity of certain documents. This is duplicate footage, also found on Tape 2126 (at 00:25:45) and a small part is duplicated on Tape 2129 (at 00:45:49). Eichmann is then asked a series of questions concerning his work in Austria, the forced emigration of the country's Jewish communities (00:03:43). He maintains that he never forced Jews to emigrate, nor "pauperized" the Jews through the confiscation of property (00:12...

  16. Eichmann Trial -- Session 90 -- Cross-examination of the Accused

    The footage begins in the middle of the session. Attorney General Gideon Hausner cross-examines Adolf Eichmann about threats he made to Josef Loewenherz, head of the Jewish community of Vienna. Eichmann warned Loewenherz that if he did not comply with Eichmann's demands, Eichmann would bring back the horrors of Kristallnacht. Eichmann examines the document that contains the statement made by Loewenherz (00:02:43). Hausner asks the accused again to look at the document. The accused begins to answer and Hausner, visibly agitated, yells at Eichmann for a clear answer (00:05:27). Hausner presen...

  17. Eichmann Trial -- Session 90 -- Cross-examination of the Accused about the origins of his antisemitism and his trip to Palestine

    The camera fades in on Attorney General Gideon Hausner seated at the prosecution table looking over documents. Assistant State Attorney Ya'akov Bar-Or enters (00:01:43) and then Assistant State Attorney Gabriel Bach both men are then seated at the prosecution table. Robert Servatius enters with his aid. Adolf Eichmann, escorted by two guards, enters the booth with documents sits down (00:02:56). There are various shots of the audience and the lawyers' desks. All rise as the judges enter and are seated(00:04:51). Judge Moshe Landau opens the ninetieth session (00:05:24). Landau asks Servatiu...

  18. Eichmann Trial -- Session 91 -- Cross-examination of the Accused

    The camera fades in on Eichmann's empty booth. Defense counsel Dr. Robert Servatius is visible in the foreground. The camera cuts to the lawyers' tables. Servatius is seated in the foreground and Attorney General Gideon Hausner, Assistant State Attorney Gabriel Bach, and Assistant State Attorney Ya'akov Bar-Or are seated in the background. Eichmann enters the booth (00:01:53). He sits and cleans his glasses. There is an overhead shot from the balcony of Eichmann sitting in the booth. The camera begins to zoom in. The camera cuts to various shots of the courtroom and the audience. All rise a...

  19. Eichmann Trial -- Session 91 -- Cross-examination of the Accused

    Footage begins in the middle of the session with cross-examination of the accused by Attorney General Gideon Hausner. Hausner questions Eichmann about the September 21, 1939 meeting in Heydrich's office. At this meeting Reinhard Heydrich met with Adolf Eichmann and other Einsatzgruppen commanders to discuss Hitler's approval of a plan to concentrate Polish Jews in cities and later deport them eastward. Eichmann maintains that he was not present at this meeting and refers to the testimony of Dr. Alfred Six, noting that the witness would have stated that Eichmann had been at the meeting. Haus...

  20. Eichmann Trial -- Session 91 -- Cross-examination of the Accused

    Footage begins late in the session during the cross-examination of the accused by Attorney General Gideon Hausner. Adolf Eichmann is asked a series of questions about the Madagascar Plan, including whether or not Reinhard Heydrich made efforts to implement it (00:04:05) and who opposed the plan. [The Madagascar Plan was an idea to resettle the Jews on the island of Madagascar]. Hausner asks the accused if the main objective was to send the Jews there to die (00:07:19). Eichmann maintains that the plan was not to exterminate or annihilate the Jews (00:07:49) and Hausner points out that there...