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Displaying items 6,261 to 6,280 of 6,679
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Holding Institution: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

  1. Handmade pin embroidered with her prisoner number made for a concentration camp inmate on her 16th birthday

    1. Nina Kaleska collection

    Embroidered cloth pin made for Nelly Kalecka's 16th birthday at the Rechlin slave labor camp in 1945. It was made for her by a friend in the camp who was a seamstress for the German officers. It is embroidered with the prisoner number assigned to Nelly in 1944 when she arrived in Rechlin. In 1941, Nelly, 12, with her parents and sister Sala, 17, was forced into the Jewish ghetto in Grodno in German occupied Poland. The girls evaded several evacuation transports, but on January 20, 1943, Nelly and Sala were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp where Nelly was tattooed with the number 313...

  2. Medallion with Moses and the S'hma prayer found by a young Jewish woman on a camp transport

    1. Nina Kaleska collection

    Religious medallion with an image of Moses with the Ten Commandments found by Nina Kaleska on a concentration camp transport around 1944. It also has the beginning lines in Hebrew of the S’hma prayer, a foundational prayer of Judaism, recorded in Deuteronomy 6:4. In 1941, when she was 12, Nina was forced into the Jewish ghetto in Grodno, Poland, with her parents and older sister, Sala, who was 17. The girls evaded several evacuation transports from the ghetto, but on January 20, 1943, Nina and Sala were deported to Auschwitz. Her sister fell ill and died within a few months. Nina was in the...

  3. Lightweight brown suitcase carried by a Jewish Austrian refugee child

    1. Alfred Kurz family collection

    Brown cardboard suitcase carried by 9 year old Alfred Kurz when he and his 10 year old sister, Doriane, emigrated to the United States from Sweden in July 1946. After Germany annexed Austria in March 1938, Alfred's parents, Emil and Klara, decided to leave the country with their two children. They went to Amsterdam, Netherlands, where there was a branch of the Kurz family optical frames business. Germany occupied Holland in May 1940 and, by 1942, deportations of Jews to concentration camps were frequent. Emil was arrested and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and killed. Klara and the children...

  4. Selected records of Dr Stefan Uhma related to history of Polish Red Cross Zbiór dr Stefana Uhmy dotyczacy historii PCK (Sygn.762)

    Records of the Polish Red Cross (PCK) districts of Kraków, Kielce, Lublin, Łódź, Pomorskie, Rzeszów, Śląsko-Dąbrowskie, Wielkopolska, and branches in Skierniewice and Łowicz including documents relating to organizational structure, regulations, extracts from protocols, and correspondence. Also included are accounts and materials of various persons regarding the financing, organization and activity of PCK; copies of German court judgments in cases against Poles; assistance for civilians during the war and occupation of 1939-1945, assistance for persons in Montelupi prison in Kraków, assistan...

  5. Blank sheet of paper for use by a Dutch resistance member to forge identity cards

    1. Gerry van Heel collection

    Blank sheet of paper kept for use by Gerry van Heel to forge documents for the Dutch resistance and for Jewish people living in hiding in Eindhoven, Holland. On May 10, 1940, Germany invaded the Netherlands. By summer 1942, the Germans were deporting Jews to concentration camps. Gerry and his wife Molly aided resistance efforts by hiding wounded English pilots, Dutch Army officers, and Jews. In the fall of 1942, Molly urged her friend, Dora Kann, to go into hiding. Molly and Gerald hid Dora's young daughters, 12 year old Elise and 8 year old Judith; their brothers, 14 year old Otto and 5 ye...

  6. Woman's nightgown with lacework trim brought to the US by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Alfred and Elsa Dukes collection

    Woman’s white nightgown brought with Elsa Dukes when she, her husband, Alfred, and their 13 year old daughter, Gertrude, left Vienna, Austria, for the United States in July 1939. On March 13, 1938, Austria was annexed by Germany. Anti-Jewish policies forced Alfred out of his job as a government office manager. On November 10, during Kristallnacht, Alfred was arrested, while Elsa and Gertrude were taken to Gestapo headquarters and held for hours. Alfred was badly beaten but was released a week later on the condition that he leave Austria. Alfred and Elsa had no relatives to sponsor their imm...

  7. Man's tailored nightshirt with braided trim brought to the US by a Jewish Austrian refugee

    1. Alfred and Elsa Dukes collection

    Man’s tailored nightshirt brought with Alfred Dukes when he, his wife, Elsa, and their 13 year old daughter, Gertrude, left Vienna, Austria, for the United States in July 1939. On March 13, 1938, Austria was annexed by Germany. Anti-Jewish policies forced Alfred out of his job as a government office manager. On November 10, during Kristallnacht, Alfred was arrested, while Elsa and Gertrude were taken to Gestapo headquarters and held for hours. Alfred returned home badly beaten a week later, with the condition that he leave Austria. Alfred and Elsa had no relatives to sponsor their immigrati...

  8. Fantasy sketch of a figure running to a tree by a Jewish teen in hiding

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn33646
    • English
    • overall: Height: 9.000 inches (22.86 cm) | Width: 12.000 inches (30.48 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.500 inches (16.51 cm) | Width: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm)

    Pencil drawing of a large leafless tree and a mysterious figure drawn by Ava Hegedish at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Germany and the Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Jews were ordered to register, and Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad. Ava's mother got false papers and remained in Belgrade with Ava's older sister Susanna, who married her Greek Orthodox fiance. The fiance ...

  9. Portrait of her mother reading a book by a Jewish artist

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Pencil drawing of her mother, Beatrice Hegedish, drawn by Ava Hegedish, ca. 1942-1943, on one of their rare visits in Belgrade during the war after the family went into hiding in spring 1941. In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then...

  10. Self portrait with braids by a Jewish teenager in hiding

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Self portrait drawn by Ava Hegedish at the farm where she lived in hiding from spring 1941 to October 1944 near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then 15. She did farm labor and lived in this she...

  11. Engraved silver trophy cup won by a Polish Jewish refugee in a sports tourney at Bergen-Belsen DP camp

    1. Isaac Kraicer collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn13924
    • English
    • a: Height: 16.250 inches (41.275 cm) | Width: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) | Depth: 7.250 inches (18.415 cm) b: Height: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Width: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm) | Depth: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm)

    Engraved trophy awarded to 21 year old Icek Krajcer in 1946 in the displaced persons camp on the site of the former Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany. He won the high and long jump event in an athletic competition for which the Jewish Brigade, a Palestinian unit within the British Army, issued trophies to the Hebrew Youth of Bergen Belsen. After Germany occupied Poland in September 1939, Icek, his parents, Lejzor and Golda, and his younger brothers, Michal and Szyja Fawel, were forced into the sealed Jewish ghetto in Gostynin. Icek was rounded up twice for forced labor, and escape...

  12. Prayer book of the Language (Word) of Truth Israelite prayer book Israelitisches Gebetbuch Hebrew prayer book, carried to Ecuador by a German Jewish refugee family

    1. Ilse and Horst (Harry) Abraham collection

    Siddur S'fat Emet book, owned by a member of Ilse Brilling’s family, and carried from Germany to Ecuador in the late 1930s. Following Adolf Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, anti-Jewish decrees and persecution made life in Germany increasingly difficult. In 1939, Ilse Brilling left Rastenburg, Germany and immigrated to Chambo, Ecuador with her parents, Hedwig and Isidor, and older sister, Hilde. Ilse’s father died that same year, and the family moved to Quito, where she met Horst Abraham. Horst immigrated to Ecuador from Leipzig, Germany, in 1937, after hearing ...

  13. Passport holder, carried to Ecuador by a German Jewish woman

    1. Ilse and Horst (Harry) Abraham collection

    Passport case belonging to Hedwig Brilling and carried from Rastenburg, Germany to Ecuador in 1939. Following Adolf Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, anti-Jewish decrees and persecution made life in Germany increasingly difficult. Early in 1939, Isidor acquired visas for the family to immigrate to Uruguay. Shortly thereafter, their house, accounts, and assets were seized by the government, and they lost the crates of belongings they had shipped to South America. Shortly before leaving, however, they were notified that their visas were forgeries. After several we...

  14. Self-portrait of a young woman looking sideways by a Jewish teenager in hiding

    1. Ava Kadishson Schieber collection

    Self portrait in pencil drawn by Ava Hegedish when, from age 15 to 18, she lived in hiding at the farm of a Serbian Christian peasant family near Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia.) In April 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis partners partitioned Yugoslavia. Belgrade was under German control. Ava's father Leo decided the family's best chance of survival was to separate and go into hiding. He returned to Novy Sad; her mother and her sister Susanna remained in Belgrade. Susanna's Greek Orthodox husband had Serbian relatives with a farm near Belgrade and they agreed to take in Ava, then 15. She di...

  15. Haeberlein-Metzger almond lebkuchen red lidded tin brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515805
    • English
    • a: Height: 4.500 inches (11.43 cm) | Width: 4.625 inches (11.747 cm) | Depth: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) b: Height: 1.250 inches (3.175 cm) | Width: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm) | Depth: 4.375 inches (11.113 cm)

    Nuremberg lebkuchen red tin with lid by Haeberlein-Metzger brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Lebkuchen is a cookie similar to gingerbread and only lebkuchen produced in Nuremberg can bear the city name. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directo...

  16. Haeberlein-Metzger lebkuchen blue decorative tin brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection

    Nuremberg lebkuchen blue painted tin by Haeberlein-Metzger brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Lebkuchen is a cookie similar to gingerbread and only lebkuchen produced in Nuremberg can bear the city name. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directo...

  17. Used Collonil leather oil brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection

    Container of Collonil leather oil brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in Berlin in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel, Germany. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buyer. In December 1937, Karl left for the US. After the war ended in May 1945, he learned that his parents, Fritz and Ella, had been depor...

  18. Pair of Amstutz spring ski bindings with cloth straps brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515796
    • English
    • a: Height: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Width: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm) b: Height: 8.500 inches (21.59 cm) | Width: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) | Depth: 0.625 inches (1.588 cm)

    Pair of Amstutz spring ski bindings brought by Karl Weiler from Nazi Germany to the United States in December 1937. The springs are used for downhill skiing and secure the heel to the ski. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a loss to a Nazi approved buye...

  19. Set of goatskin cross country ski straps brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn515765
    • English
    • a: Height: 98.500 inches (250.19 cm) | Width: 9.375 inches (23.813 cm) b: Height: 89.500 inches (227.33 cm) | Width: 6.250 inches (15.875 cm)

    Pair of goatskin ski straps brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. The straps are placed on the bottom of skis to increase friction while cross-country skiing uphill. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 when the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was forced to sell the business at a l...

  20. Khaki canvas knapsack brought to the US by a German Jewish refugee

    1. Carl Weiler and Mina Kaufmann Weiler families collection

    Canvas knapsack brought by Karl Weiler to the United States when he left Nazi Germany in December 1937. When Karl was at university, he had a collapsible kayak that fit into a knapsack that he used on his frequent excursions into the nearby mountains. Karl lost his position as an assistant judge in March 1933 as the new Nazi government purged the civil service of Jews and passed a law to that effect April 7 with the first Aryan only qualification clause. Karl rejoined the family agricultural firm in Brakel. Anti-Jewish pressures increased and, in May 1936, the firm’s board of directors was ...