Archival Descriptions

Advanced query tips

There are several ways to be more specific in your search query:

"Phrase"
Search an exact match of your query, e.g. "Member lists"
+Phrase
Given word has to be in the result, e.g. +Gestapo
-Phrase
Exclude given word from search, e.g. -Gestapo

Use the following syntax to restrict the search to specific fields:

field:"phrase"
For instance, you can find all descriptions that have the phrase "Auschwitz Birkenau" in their titles by searching for title:"Auschwitz Birkenau".

The following fields are currently available:

  • identifier
  • title
  • creator
  • person
  • place
  • subject
  • address
Displaying items 6,241 to 6,260 of 6,679
Search result ordering
Holding Institution: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

  1. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 5 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 5 [funf] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegfried...

  2. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 20 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 20 [zwanzig] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegf...

  3. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 50 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 50 [funfzig] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother Siegf...

  4. Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp scrip, 100 kronen note, owned by a German Jewish survivor

    1. Gerhard and Ursula Naumann Maschkowski collection

    Theresienstadt scrip, valued at 500 [eine hundert] kronen, belonging to Gerhard Maschkowski. Gerhard was not interned in the ghetto-labor camp in German occupied Czechoslovakia, but his wife Ursula Naumann and his parents were there several years. Inmates were not allowed to have currency and the SS ordered the Jewish Council to design scrip for use only in the camp. Produced in 7 denominations: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, it was issued to create a false appearance of normalcy in the camp. There was nothing to obtain with the scrip. Gerhard lived with his parents Arthur and Herta, and brother...

  5. Watercolor of a POW camp owned by German Jewish US soldier

    1. Rudolph Daniel Sichel collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn542959
    • English
    • 1945
    • overall: Height: 12.125 inches (30.798 cm) | Width: 14.875 inches (37.783 cm) | Depth: 0.875 inches (2.223 cm) pictorial area: Height: 6.500 inches (16.51 cm) | Width: 9.625 inches (24.448 cm)

    Watercolor owned by Rudolph Sichel, a Jewish refugee from Frankfurt, Germany, who served in the US Army from 1943 to June 1946. In May 1936, unable to return to Germany from England because of anti-Jewish regulations, Sichel went to the US. His parents Ernst and Frieda joined him in 1940. In April 1943, Sichel enlisted in the Army and was sent to Camp Ritchie for military intelligence training. In July 1944, Sichel, Chief Interrogator, Interrogation of Prisoners of War Team 13, landed on Utah Beach in France, attached to the 104th Infantry, the Timberwolf Division. As the unit advanced thro...

  6. Star of David yellow cloth badge printed with Jude, worn by an Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Lucie Steinhagen collection

    Yellow factory-printed Star of David badge worn by Lucie Fried (later Steinhagen) while living in Vienna, Austria. After the German annexation of Austria in 1938, anti-Jewish legislation was quickly introduced and Jewish-owned businesses and property were confiscated. Lucie had to leave her public school, her mother lost the family retail store, and her brother was imprisoned in Dachau concentration camp for three weeks before immigrating to the United States. A quota on Polish immigrants prevented Lucie's Polish born mother, Fanny, from obtaining a visa for the United States. Lucie stayed ...

  7. Schatz and Bonder families papers

    1. Schatz and Bonder families collection

    The papers include biographical material, immigration document, correspondence, and photographs documenting the Holocaust-era experiences of Henry and Rischa (née Bonder) Schatz and their respective families. Both families survived the Holocaust in Italy and were united through Henry and Rischa’s marriage in the United States. Biographical material consists of Henry Schatz’s identification cards from the Ferramonti internment camp and the UNRRA, and his wife Rischa’s Italian passport and a typed testimonial document from an Italian soldier regarding a German soldier shooting Rischa in 1943....

  8. William and Bela Citron and Miriam Citron Burhans papers

    1. William and Bela Citron and Miriam Citron Burhans collection

    The collection documents the post-war experiences of William and Bela Citron (Wolf Cytrynblum and Bela Kasztan) and their daughter Miriam Citron (Gela Machla, later Miriam Citron Burhans) in displaced persons camps in Germany prior to their immigration to the United States in 1949. Included are identification documents, photographs, a small amount of immigration documents, material related to the search for the fates of their families, and restitution paperwork. Photographs primarily document William and Bela’s time in the Foehrenwald and Stuttgart DP camps, including the birth of their dau...

  9. Yellow, rectangular patch on cloth backing worn by a German Jewish woman in a concentration camp

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Rectangular, yellow patch worn by Irene Silberstein while imprisoned at the forced labor camp Merzdorf from December 1944 to May 1945. Irene had to sew it to her outerwear, cutting out the brown tweed from behind. This served as a deterrent for escaping; if she tried to remove it from her clothes, the cut out would be visible and she would be easily recognizable. In the fall of 1942, Irene, her father, and her grandmother were deported from Berlin to Theresienstadt ghetto-labor camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia. On September 28, 1944, Irene’s father was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. ...

  10. Factory-printed Star of David badge printed with Jood worn by a Jewish person

    1. Irene and Henry Frank family collection

    Factory-printed Star of David badge, owned by a Jewish person in the Netherlands. Germany invaded the Netherlands in May 1940. On April 29, 1942, all Jews in the Netherlands were required to wear a badge, which consisted of a yellow Star of David with a black outline and the word “Jew” printed inside the star in Dutch. The badge was used to stigmatize and control the Jewish population. Duplicated from those printed in Germany, these badges were made by factories such as De Nijverheid, a formerly Jewish-owned firm in the Netherlands that printed a large amount of Dutch stars. In the summer o...

  11. Embroidered table runner with a floral and insect design brought with German Jewish refugee

    1. Fritz and Thea Lowenstein Klestadt family collection

    Multi-layered, cloth table runner with an embroidered floral and insect design given to Thea Löwenstein Klestadt by her mother, Erna, in Dusseldorf, Germany before 1938. Thea then passed the runner down to her daughter Julie after her adoption in 1955. In 1935 Thea married Fred Klestadt in Düsseldorf. In September, the Nazis announced the Nuremberg Laws which excluded Jews from German citizenship. The laws defined a Jew as a person who had 3 or more grandparents that were Jews, regardless of their religious practice. Jews were also barred from holding civil service positions, practicing law...

  12. Beaded hat with a floral pattern brought by a Jewish German refugee

    1. Fritz and Thea Lowenstein Klestadt family collection

    A child sized, handmade stocking cap with a beaded floral design, given to Thea Löwenstein Klestadt by her mother, Erna, in Dusseldorf, Germany before 1938. Thea passed the hat down to her daughter Julie after her adoption in 1955. In 1935, Thea married Fred Klestadt in Düsseldorf. In September, the Nazis announced the Nuremberg Laws which excluded Jews from German citizenship. The laws defined a Jew as a person who had 3 or more grandparents that were Jews, regardless of their religious practice. Jews were also barred from holding civil service positions, practicing law, teaching and many ...

  13. Feast Prayers of the Israelites Hebrew and German prayer book owned by an Austrian Jewish refugee

    1. Leopold and Herta Stoer family collection

    Festgebete der Israeliten, a Jewish prayer book, likely brought to the United States by Dr. Leopold (Leo) Stoer when he emigrated from Vienna, Austria, in September 1938. The book belonged to his mother, Karoline Stoer (née Kohn), or one of his other female relatives, who would need it in the US if successfully able to immigrate there. Leo lived in Vienna with his parents, Alfred and Karoline, and seven younger siblings: Juli, Grete, Hedi, Fritz, Erna, Trude, and Otto. In 1915, Alfred, a master decorator by trade, was selected to fight in World War I (1914-1918). Leo’s sister, Hedi, died fr...

  14. Set of four manicure tools in a red case brought by a German Jewish girl on a Kindertransport

    1. John and Gisela Marx Eden collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn90827
    • English
    • a: Height: 3.500 inches (8.89 cm) | Width: 5.750 inches (14.605 cm) | Depth: 0.750 inches (1.905 cm) b: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 1.750 inches (4.445 cm) | Depth: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) c: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 0.375 inches (0.953 cm) d: Height: 5.000 inches (12.7 cm) | Width: 0.500 inches (1.27 cm) | Depth: 0.250 inches (0.635 cm) e: Height: 3.625 inches (9.208 cm) | Width: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm) | Depth: 0.125 inches (0.318 cm)

    Cuticle cutters and pusher, a nail file, and manicure scissors in a fitted red leather case brought by 14 year old Gisela Marx on a Kindertransport from Dulken, Germany, to Great Britain in August 1939. Her parents Erna and Leopold purchased the manicure set for her to take on her journey. The Nazi regime, in power since 1933, persecuted the Jewish population. Leopold, a former diplomat and WWI veteran, and Erna, a member of a wealthy, landowning family, thought their status would protect them, but in 1939, they decided to send Gisela to safety. The friend paid to care for her never showed ...

  15. U.S. scene stills for the film “The Mortal Storm" (1940)

    1. Cinema Judaica collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn693007
    • English
    • .1: Height: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Width: 9.500 inches (24.13 cm) .2: Height: 10.125 inches (25.718 cm) | Width: 8.000 inches (20.32 cm)

    Pair of scene stills for the American feature film, “The Mortal Storm,” released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in June 1940. Scene stills are photographs taken on or off the set of a motion picture and are then used as marketing and advertising tools. “The Mortal Storm,” based on a 1938 novel of the same name, was MGM’s first film that openly criticized Nazi Germany. Beginning in 1933, just after Hitler’s appointment as chancellor, it features a Jewish professor of medicine and his daughter, whose fiancé and stepbrothers join the Nazi party. The professor is sent to a concentration camp, whi...

  16. Passover Prayer Book, German translation Book

    1. Norman A. Miller family collection

    1832 German translation of a Passover prayer book recorded in Hebrew owned by Norbert Müller (later Norman Miller), a 15 year old German Jewish refugee who came to London, England in September 1939. The front cover is inscribed by Norbert’s maternal great grandmother, Sara Jacobs. On November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht in Nuremberg, Germany, the apartment Norbert shared with his parents, Sebald and Laura, younger sister, Suse, and grandmother, Clara Jüngster, was ransacked by local men with axes. In late August 1939, Norbert, managed to leave Germany for London, with a Kindertransport [C...

  17. My Struggle Wedding edition of Mein Kampf with slipcase confiscated by a British soldier and German Jewish emigre

    1. Norman A. Miller family collection
    • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
    • irn555443
    • English
    • 1939
    • a: Height: 7.500 inches (19.05 cm) | Width: 5.125 inches (13.018 cm) | Depth: 1.375 inches (3.493 cm) b: Height: 7.750 inches (19.685 cm) | Width: 5.375 inches (13.653 cm) | Depth: 1.500 inches (3.81 cm)

    Wedding presentation edition of Hitler's Mein Kampf with slipcase acquired by Norman Miller (previously Norbert Müller), a German Jewish refugee, during his service in the British Army from 1944 to 1947. On November 9, 1938, during Kristallnacht in Nuremberg, Germany, the apartment Norbert shared with his parents, Sebald and Laura, younger sister, Suse, and grandmother, Clara Jüngster, was ransacked by local men with axes. In late August 1939, Norbert, managed to leave Germany for London, with a Kindertransport [Children's Transport] two days prior to the start of World War II. Norbert was ...

  18. Rosenszajn, Herszkowicz, and Dworzecka families papers

    The Rosenszajn, Herszkowicz, and Dworzecka families papers relate to the pre-war and wartime experiences of the Rosenzajn family of Pinsk, Poland and Białystok, Poland; the Herszkowicz family of Łódź, Poland; and the Dworzecki family of Vilna, Poland (now Vilnius, Lithuania). The families’ papers include studio portraits and candid photographs of each of the families, as well as photographs of Maria Dworzecka (born Marysia Rozenszajn), a hidden child during the Holocaust, and her rescuers Lucyna and Waclaw Białowarczuk in Tykocin, Poland. The papers also include a postcard sent from the Łód...

  19. Rachel Greene Rottersman papers

    1. Rachel Greene Rottersman collection

    The Rachel Greene Rottersman papers consist of biographical materials about Rottersman’s UNRRA career; correspondence and reports about the children’s home at Aglasterhausen; notes and drafts for the memoirs Rottersman never completed; photographs of children and employees at Aglasterhausen; and printed materials about UNRRA’s work with displaced children. Biographical materials include student records, UNRRA and IRO (International Relief Organization) personnel records, and resumes for Rachel Rottersman and immigration application paperwork for Joseph Rottersman. This series also includes ...

  20. L'Enfant Jesus Miraculeux de Prague [Miraculous Infant Jesus of Prague] medallion given to an young Austrian Jewish woman

    1. Nina Kaleska collection

    Religious medallion that was a parting gift to 17 year old Nina Kaleska when she left Prague for London in 1946. It was given to her by Vaclav Ruziczka, whom she met on a park bench soon after she arrived in the city where she had no contacts. He helped her find a place to live and to work. Nina had decided to go to Prague in June 1945, following her May 1945 liberation during the Retzow death march by the Russian Army. She had no surviving relatives in Europe and went to Prague to try to find a friend that she had made in the concentration camps. In 1941, when she was 12, Nina was forced i...