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Displaying items 4,941 to 4,960 of 6,679
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Holding Institution: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

  1. Red leather portfolio used by a Czech Jewish refugee

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Red leather notebook that belonged to Tom (Tibor) Kovary. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in their hometown, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia (Slovakia). They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where they obtained visas for the US, arriving in New...

  2. Brown leather wallet with laced edges used by a Czech Jewish refugee during his service in the US Army

    1. Kovary and Neuhaus families collection

    Wallet and passport cover used by Tom T. Kovary while a soldier in the United States Army from 1943-1946. On September 2, 1939, nineteen year old Tibor Kovari and his twenty year old brother, Erno, were attacked on the street for being Jewish by Nazi sympathizers in Bratislava. They fought back, put their attackers in the hospital, and were arrested, along with their father, Olivio. The incident received such widespread publicity that the authorities advised them to flee for fear of retaliation. They illegally crossed the border into Hungary, where they obtained visas for the US, arriving i...

  3. Woman Interned in Gurs Watercolor of a gaunt, sickly woman in Gurs created by a German inmate

    1. Gert Wollheim collection

    Watercolor portrait of an emaciated and ill woman with reddened eyes in front of a barbed wire fence drawn by Gert Wollheim while a prisoner in Gurs internment camp in late 1940. The French established Gurs, the largest internment camp in France, in April 1939 to hold political refugees. In early 1940, about 4000 German Jewish refugees were interned as enemy aliens. Wolheim, who fled Nazi Germany for Paris in 1933, was arrested by the French in spring 1940 as an enemy alien. France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. Northern France was controlled by the Germans and southern France, where ...

  4. Barracks Interior Pencil drawing of people crowded inside a barrack in Gurs created by a German inmate

    1. Gert Wollheim collection

    Pencil drawing of several figures living in a cramped Gurs barrack drawn by Gert Wollheim while a prisoner in Gurs internment camp in late 1940. It shows raggedy clothing hanging from the rafters, with people and beds inches apart, portraying the lack of privacy and squalor. The French established Gurs, the largest internment camp in France, in April 1939 to hold political refugees. In early 1940, about 4000 German Jewish refugees were interned as enemy aliens. Wolheim, who fled Nazi Germany for Paris in 1933, was arrested by the French in spring 1940 as an enemy alien. France surrendered t...

  5. Landscape of Barracks Birds-eye view of the overcrowded Gurs barracks drawn by a German inmate

    1. Gert Wollheim collection

    Pencil drawing of seemingly endless rows of densely packed Gurs barracks drawn by Gert Wollheim while a prisoner in Gurs internment camp in late 1940. There were tall structures, such as a water tower, that could provide this overhead view. The French established Gurs, the largest internment camp in France, in April 1939 to hold political refugees. In early 1940, about 4000 German Jewish refugees were interned as enemy aliens. Wolheim, who fled Nazi Germany for Paris in 1933, was arrested by the French in spring 1940 as an enemy alien. France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. Northern Fr...

  6. Righteous Among the Nations medal awarded to a French children’s home director

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Medal awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being imprisoned in internment camps. ...

  7. Bifold document case for a certificate issued to Juliette Usach by Yad Vashem

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Document case for a certificate (.2a) awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being ...

  8. Honorary certificate issued to Juliette Usach by Yad Vashem

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Certificate awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being imprisoned in internment c...

  9. Presentation box for medal awarded to a French children’s home director

    1. Rudy Appel collection

    Presentation box for medal awarded posthumously to Juliette Usach in recognition as a “Righteous Among the Nations,” by Yad Vashem in Jerusalem, Israel. Yad Vashem confers the honor on those who risked their lives to save Jews during the Holocaust. Juliette Usach was a Protestant, Spanish doctor who fled to France in 1938 as a refugee of the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, she moved to the village of Chambon-sur-Lignon to become the director of a boarding house for Spanish mothers and children. After Germany’s invasion of France in May 1940, antisemitic legislation led to Jews being imprisoned ...

  10. Soviet Union, 1 chervonets note, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Soviet bank note for 1 chervonet acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were forcibly relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began preparation...

  11. Soviet Union, 10 chervonets note, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee to the US

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Soviet bank note for 10 chervonets acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were forcibly relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began preparati...

  12. Weimar Germany Reichsbanknote, 1000 marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    German bank note for 1000 marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. It was issued during the Weimar Republic in 1923. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel's uncle Leib, were shot. On February 22, 1942, all Jews were relocated to a ghetto. That August, the Germans began ...

  13. Imperial Germany Reichsbanknote, 100 marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    Imperial German bank note for 100 marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. The note was issued in Imperial Germany in 1908. This note has a green seal which indicates it was printed post World War I (1914-1918.) Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including...

  14. Oberhausen, Germany, emergency currency, 5 million marks, kept by a Polish Jewish refugee

    1. Harold Minuskin family collection

    City of Oberhausen emergency currency note [notgeld] for 5 million marks acquired by 8 year old Henikel (Harold) Minuskin before he and his family left Germany for the US in 1946. The currency was issued in 1923 due to the period of hyperinflation during the Weimar Republic. Henikel lived in Zhetel (Zdieciol) Poland (Dziatlava, Belarus), with his parents Shlamke and Shanke, and his younger brother Kalmanke. In June 1941, when he was three years old, Zhekel was occupied by Nazi Germany. The Jews of the town were violently persecuted and over 120 prominent community members, including Henikel...

  15. Ehrentheil family papers

    Consists of documents, correspondence, memoirs, and research notes related to Dr. Otto Ehrentheil’s attempts to assist family and friends to escape Nazi-occupied Europe. After his family arrived in the United States from Vienna, Austria, in November 1938, Dr. Ehrentheil worked to provide financial assistance and affidavits for numerous family and friends. Includes correspondence, financial documentation, memoirs and additional information about those he assisted, and research notes related to the writing and publication of “Dear Otto,” written by Dr. Ehrentheil’s daughter, Susanne Learmonth...

  16. Bruno and Jetka (Jessie) Korn papers

    1. Bruno and Jessie Korn collection

    Collection of documents, photographs, correspondence, identification cards, and restitution material relating to Bruno Korn (b. 1911 in Breslau) and his wife Jetka Bloch Korn. The couple survived in internment camps in Italy.

  17. Selected records of the Polish Red Cross Polski Czerwony Krzyż (Sygn. 284)

    Correspondence, reports, registers, bulletin, and photographs relating to the repatriation of Polish citizens, repatriation of Polish children, search for missing persons, and a return of files related to victims of crime in Katyń forest.

  18. Annemarie Warschauer papers

    The Annemarie Warschauer papers document the pre-war lives of the Israelski, Munter, and Warschauer families in Berlin, Germany and as refugees in Shanghai, China during the Holocaust. The collection includes biographical material, immigration papers, a small amount of correspondence, restitution papers, and photographs. Materials include passports, birth and marriage certificates, Yahrzeit memorial books, forced labor documents, restitution paperwork, dental profession papers, immigration and naturalization papers, and family photographs. The biographical material includes passports, drive...

  19. Red leather purse used by a young German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Red leather shoulder bag given to 6 year old Franziska (Ruth) Danzig by her mother Gerda before she was sent from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parent found a Jewish foster family, the Pastern...

  20. Brown leather luggage tag used by a young German Jewish girl on the Kindertransport

    1. Ruth Danzig Rauch collection

    Leather luggage tag used by 6 year old Franziska (Ruth) Danzig when her parents, Gerda and Emanuel, sent her from Munich, Germany, to London, England, in June 1939, on the Kindertransport [Children’s Transport]. After Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in 1933, the government actively persecuted the Jewish population. During Kristallnacht, on November 9-10, 1938, the family’s apartment was searched by the Gestapo. In spring 1939, Ruth’s cousin, Bianca, was sent on a Kindertransport to stay with a Jewish foster family in London. Ruth’s parent found a Jewish foster family, the Pastern...