Elkhanan Elkes letter
Extent and Medium
folder
1
Creator(s)
- Elkhanan Elkes
Biographical History
Dr. Elkhanan Elkes (1879-1944) was a Jewish physician who, during the German occupation of Lithuania, assumed the leadership of the Jewish community in the Kovno (Kaunas) ghetto. Born in Kalvarija, Lithuania, Elkes received his medical degree in 1903 in neurology and internal medicine. In 1912, he married Miriam Albin. After serving as a physician in the Russian army, he opened a private practice and eventually became one of Kovno's leading physicians. In 1923, he was appointed head of the department of internal medicine at the Bikur Holim hospital in Kovno. His numerous private patients included the Lithuanian prime minister, the German ambassador, and other members of the diplomatic community. In August 1941 the SS ordered Kovno's leading Jewish citizens to select a leader to head the new Jewish Council. No one wanted to assume this role. Finally the community prevailed upon Elkes, citing his connections and moral integrity. He remained in this position for all three years of the ghetto's existence. Despite his own failing health, he provided moral leadership, helped the ghetto's medical community, and provided tacit support to the underground. Much of the day to day running of the ghetto was entrusted to his deputy, Leib Garfunkel, an attorney and former Jewish delegate to the Lithuanian parliament. Elkes acted principally as an intercessor with the German authorities to ameliorate the severity of their orders. In one famous anecdote, shortly before the ghetto's liquidation, Elkes made a personal appeal to SS Captain Wilhelm Goecke. Elkes promised to write Goecke a personal testimonial if he spared the ghetto; Goecke refused. Elkes was deported to Dachau in July 1944. There, he continued to offer medical care to fellow Jews until he succumbed to starvation brought on by a hunger strike. He died on October 17, 1944 at the age of 65. Due to his stature, he was allowed a public burial in a marked grave. Elkes was survived by his wife Miriam, who had been deported to Stutthof, and his two children Sarah and Joel, who were studying in England during the war.
Archival History
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Acquisition
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Joel Elkes
Donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1999 by Dr. Joel Elkes.
Scope and Content
Last letter sent by Dr. Elkhanan Elkes, a physician in Kovno (Kaunas, Lithuania) who was appointed chairman of the Jewish Council in Kovno ghetto in August 1941 after it was occupied by Germany in June 1941. The letter, written between 19 October 1943 and 11 November 1943, was handwritten in Yiddish and smuggled out of the ghetto to be delivered to his children who were studying in England. In the letter, Elkhanan describes in detail atrocities committed upon the Jews of Kovno after the German occupation, including deportation to forced-labor camps in Latvia, the execution of doctors and patients in the hospital, and the massacre in Fort IX, 29 October 1941. He also discusses atrocities committed by fellow Lithuanians. Elkhanan concludes the letter with personal messages to each of his children. The collection also includes a typed transcription of the letter in Yiddish. An English transcription and translation provided by the donor is available as a supplementary document.
System of Arrangement
The collection is arranged in a single folder.
People
- Elkes, Elkhanan, 1879-1944.
- Elkhanan Elkes
Corporate Bodies
- Kovno ghetto (Lithuania)
Subjects
- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)--Lithuania--Kaunas.
- Jews--Lithuania--Kaunas.
- Physicians--Lithuania.
- Kaunas (Lithuania)
Genre
- Letters.
- Document