Zarembski-Ferst-Kostanski-Wierzbicki families photographs

Martin Ferst was born as Melech Ferszt in Krakow, Poland in 23 October 1923. In 1925 his mother, Rachel died in labor giving birth to Martin’s younger brother, Srulek (1925-1926). Martin’s father, Natan Ferszt, was a shoemaker, and the family was poor. Martin lived with his grandparents for several years, and later was placed in a Jewish orphanage in Krakow. As a teenager he became an apprentice with a tailor, Jakub Rieger. After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, Jakub Rieger, fled Krakow with Martin to his hometown of Stanislawów. In Stanislawów Martin worked in the “Skrut” candy factory. In winter 1940 Martin was deported by the Soviets to a labor camp north of Omsk in Siberia. In the summer of 1941, after the German invasion of the USSR, Martin was released from the labor camp and went to Osh in Kyrgyzstan, near the Chinese border. In 1941 he tried to enlist in the Polish Anders Army but he was rejected for being a Jew. He was drafted into the Red Army and later he was transferred into the Polish Army established by Wanda Wasilewska. He reached Lublin in July 1944 and was present at the liberation of Majdanek where witnessed the hanging of the German guards. Martin stayed in Poland and learned that all his relatives perished in the Holocaust. He was stationed in Zary (Zorau) in lower Silesia, where he met and married fellow survivor Felicia Zarembski. The young couple left Poland and spent a few years in a DP community in Straubing, Germany, where their daughter Rachel was born. In 1948 they immigrated to Israel and settled in Tiv’on. Martin worked in Haifa for the Israeli police department in the immigration division. They had their second child, Nathan, while living in Israel. In 1958 the Ferst family immigrated to the United States and settled in Manhasset, Long Island. Martin and Felicia later moved to Boca Raton, Florida.

Felicia Ferst (née Zarembska, 1927-2005) was born Felecia Zarembska on November 5, 1927 in Warsaw, Poland. She was one of seven children of which five survived. Her father, Menasze Zarembska owned a fur coats store on 20 Miodowa Street in Warsaw. Her mother, Nechama Chuma, helped in the store. After the German invasion of Poland in September 1939, the family was forced into the Warsaw ghetto. In May 1943, after the suppression of the Warsaw ghetto uprising, Felicia was deported to Majdanek and on June 26, 1943 she was transferred to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. Her prisoner number was: 47413. She was then transferred to Ravensbrück where she was liberated. After liberation she returned to Poland where she met fellow survivor Martin Ferst. They married and left Poland and spent a few years in a DP community in Straubing, Germany, where their daughter Rachel was born. In 1948 they immigrated to Israel and settled in Tiv’on. Martin worked in Haifa for the Israeli police department in the immigration division. They had their second child, Nathan, while living in Israel. In 1958 the Ferst family immigrated to the United States and settled in Manhasset, Long Island. Felicia and Martin later moved to Boca Raton, Florida.

Jan Kostanski was the son of Wladislawa Kostanska. He was born June 24, 1925 in Warsaw and had two younger sisters, Jadzia and Danusia. His parents divorced when he was a child, and he was raised by his mother. Until 1940 the family lived in the old city of Warsaw. Due to the destruction caused by German bombing, they were forced to relocate to the commercial district near the Mirowski market. In their new apartment house located at 9 Mirowski Square, they befriended an extended Jewish family by the name of Wierzbicki, some of whom lived across the courtyard in the same apartment bloc. The family consisted of the widower, Ajzyk Wierzbicki, his elderly parents, his son Nathan and daughter Nacha, his brother Berek and Berek's wife and children, Fela and Jakob. The families became so close that Jan considered Ajzyk his stepfather and Ajzyk's parents, his surrogate grandparents. When the Germans built the Warsaw ghetto wall in 1940, the apartment house at 9 Mirowski Square was divided in two, with the Kostanskis on one side and the Wierzbickis on the other. Immediately after the sealing of the ghetto in November of that year, Jan (with the support of his mother) began sneaking into the ghetto in order to help the Wierzbickis. Soon both families became instrumental in a large-scale smuggling operation to bring food into the ghetto. At first smuggling was conducted over the ghetto wall. A few Jews would stand on a ladder and extend a rope with a hook over the wall while Poles would help hoist bundles of supplies over the wall. In this manner 15-20 pounds of goods could be transferred in an hour. Much of this activity took place in the Mirowski marketplace, where the transfer of goods was less noticeable. In addition to his smuggling efforts, Jan made frequent visits to the ghetto in order to maintain social contact with the Wierzbickis. One time he even arranged to take Nacha out of the ghetto to see a movie. Later, when the Germans moved Jews out of the apartments which bordered on the ghetto wall, smuggling became much more difficult and fraught with danger. On one occasion while transferring goods through the neutral zone of vacated apartments, Jan and a group of approximately fifty Jewish boys were arrested during a raid. The Jews were executed, but Jan was released after his mother paid a substantial bribe to a Polish policeman. She claimed that her son had only entered the ghetto in order to retrieve a ball that he had accidentally thrown over the wall. Shortly before the onset of the mass deportations of the summer of 1942, Jan was asked to help transfer a secret archive of ghetto photographs taken by a Jewish photographer, known as Edek, to the Aryan side. Edek, who was a friend of Jakob Wierzbicki, had a permit from the Germans to have a camera in the ghetto in order to take photos of Jewish corpses at the cemetery before they were buried in mass graves. In addition to these official photographs, he also took many unofficial pictures to document the true nature of life in the ghetto. Among those images were pictures of the smuggling operation. Unfortunately, Edek was rounded-up for deportation before the transfer was made, and his archive did not survive apart from a few images he had given to friends. Jan's mother was determined to rescue the Wierzbicki family. However, she could arrange hiding places for only Ajzyk, Nathan and Nacha. She hoped to be able to help more of them later, but the grandparents were elderly, Fela was in her eighth month of pregnancy, and Jakob was unable to pass as a non-Jew, and in any event, was unwilling to abandon his parents. With the help of Wladek Cyrkiert, a Jewish youth who was living in hiding on the Aryan side, Jan re-entered the ghetto and brought out the three Wierzbickis. Each was escorted separately to the home of his Aunt Irka in Praga. They were able to remain there only a short time before arousing the suspicion of the neighbors. As a result, Jan decided to smuggle them into the still peaceful Otwock ghetto until other arrangements could be made. Soon after their arrival, however, rumors circulated about the ghetto's impending liquidation. While Jan's mother searched desperately for a new apartment where she could hide the Wierzbickis, the round-ups in Otwock began and the Wierzbickis were put on a deportation train to Treblinka. They managed to escape, however, and returned on their own to Irka's home in Praga. While Wladislawa continued her hunt for new quarters, Jan arranged to smuggle the Wierzbickis back into the Warsaw ghetto, where the deportations had stopped temporarily. Upon their return they learned of the death and deportation of the other members of their extended family. Jan continued to visit them in the ghetto despite the high risk of capture. In January 1943, Jan's thirteen-year-old sister Jadzia, was caught in a German raid at a Warsaw cinema and deported to Majdanek. She was released in a weakened state several weeks later after her mother paid a substantial bribe to secure her freedom. During her internment Wladislawa finally found a suitable apartment for themselves and the Wierzbickis and constructed a secret room where they could hide. Soon after, Jan and Wladek returned to the ghetto and brought out the Wierzbickis. Wladek also came to live with them. From the safety of the Kostanski home, Ajzyk, Nacha, Nathan and Wladek witnessed the destruction of the Warsaw ghetto. For the next eighteen months Wladislawa and Jan went out daily to trade goods in order to support their enlarged household, while Jadzia kept house and Nacha cooked. The Kostanskis were avid supporters of the Polish uprising when it finally occurred in August 1944, but they kept their efforts focused on protecting the four Jewish members of their household. After the collapse of the insurrection and the forced evacuation of the city, Jan's mother and sisters departed, leaving Jan to care for the hidden Jews. They found shelter in a series of cellars concealed by the rubble of destroyed buildings. For 105 days they lived underground until the arrival of the Soviet army in January 1945. All of them survived, and immediately after the liberation were reunited with the rest of the Kostanskis. Wladislawa married Ajzyk in 1946, and soon after, Jan married Nacha. In 1957 Jan and his family moved to Melbourne, Australia. In April 1984 Jan and Wladislawa Kostanski were recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The photographs were donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum by Martin and Felicia Ferst in 2002.