Unused Star of David badge with Juif acquired by a Jewish chaplain, US Army

Judah Nadich was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on May 13, 1912. He was the oldest of four children of Isaac and Lena Nathanson Nadich, who had emigrated from Russia in the early 1900s. Isaac owned a neighborhood grocery store and was a socialist and member of the Workmen's Circle. Nadich's mother Lena died in 1919, and he was raised by his stepmother Nettie Gifter Nadich, an immigrant from Lithuania. Nadich was awarded a scholarship to study at the Yeshiva high school in New York City, and he then attended Yeshiva College, City College of New York, and Johns Hopkins University. Upon completion of his undergraduate studies, he enrolled in the rabbinical school of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and in a master's program in history at Columbia University. In 1936, he received his rabbinical ordination and his masters degree, and later earned a doctorate in Hebrew literature from the Jewish Theological Seminary. Between 1936 and early 1942, Rabbi Nadich served as a rabbi at Conservative synagogues in Buffalo, New York, and Chicago, Illinois. Shortly after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Nadich enlisted in the US Army as a chaplain. At the end of summer 1942, he was sent to Great Britain as the first Jewish chaplain in the European Theater of Operations. For the next two years, he was stationed in Northern Ireland and England. He was responsible for serving the religious needs of Jewish soldiers and officers and for training and assigning duties to new Jewish chaplains as they arrived in the United Kingdom. In 1944, Nadich was sent to France, where he was put in charge of procurement for all religious purposes. When Allies Forces marched into liberated Paris at the end of August, Nadich followed close behind. He sought out the Jewish community, driving his jeep with his Jewish chaplain's insignia, and a crowd soon gathered. Most had survived the war in hiding and he was the survivors' first contact with the outside Jewish world. They gave him a batch of the yellow star badges that Jews in France had been forced to wear as a mark of humiliation by the German occupation authorities. Nadich helped the new Jewish leadership open a public kitchen, establish a free loan society, and make contact with relatives in the US. When the first religious service after the liberation was held at the rue de la Victoire synagogue, Rabbi Nadich preached to the assembled congregation of Jewish GIs and survivors in both French and English. On Passover 1945, Rabbi Nadich conducted seders for 6,000 Jewish troops in a Champs d’Elysee night club. In Paris, and later in Germany, Nadich provided help to the Bricha organization in its efforts to assist Jewish refugees to emigrate, often illegally, by ship to Palestine. On several occasions, he secured supplies to help sustain the displaced population as they waited for transport to Palestine. In August 1945, Nadich was transferred to Frankfurt, Germany. Lieutenant Colonel Nadich was appointed to the new post of Advisor on Jewish Affairs to the commander of US forces in Europe, General Dwight Eisenhower. The position was created due to the Harrison Report condemning the army for its treatment of Jewish displaced persons. Nadich was sent by Eisenhower to visit DP camps in the American zone of Germany, report on conditions, and make recommendations for their improvement. In a book he wrote in 1953, Eisenhower and the Jews, Nadich described the horrific conditions he found in the displaced persons camps, with forty survivors crammed into rooms built to hold 6, in leaky barracks with no insulation. Food shortages were common and people were not permitted to leave the camps, which were fenced with barbed wire just like the concentration camps. After a three month tour, his recommendations included the placement of Jews into separate camps, improvements in nutrition, the easing of travel restrictions, the removal of camp fences, and the organization of Jewish committees. During the fall of 1945, Nadich toured DP camps in Austria and met with representatives of Bergen-Belsen DP camp in the British zone of occupation. In October, he accompanied Jewish Agency chairman, David Ben-Gurion, on a tour of Zeilsheim DP camp, his first visit to a displaced persons camp, which Nadich had convinced Eisenhower to grant. The Allies had a policy to return survivors to their native countries. Nadich explained to Eisenhower that this was unthinkable to those whose entire families had been murdered in those homelands. On August 22, 1945, Eisenhower issued an order that altered American policy regarding the displaced Jewish population. Nadich further advised Eisenhower to permit Jewish refugees from Eastern Europe who managed to cross into the American zone to remain in the Jewish DP camps, a population which surged in the fall of 1945. In November 1945, the post of advisor on Jewish affairs was assigned to a civilian appointed by President Truman, Judge Simon H. Rifkind. Nadich returned to the US. For the next year and a half, he worked for the Joint Distribution Committee and the United Jewish Appeal. In 1947, he married Martha Hadassah Ribalow and the couple had three daughters. He wrote a book, Eisenhower and the Jews, published in 1953, drawing on his wartime experiences. Nadich resumed his rabbinical career. He served as the rabbi of Congregation Kehillath Israel in Brookline, MA, for ten years. He then became rabbi at the Park Avenue Synagogue in Manhattan for thirty years, until his retirement in 1987. He was an advocate for civil rights and an end to segregation. In May 1974, when he was president of the Rabbinical Assembly, the international association of Conservative rabbis, Nadich encouraged the group to consider the ordination of women, which occurred in 1985. At Park Avenue Synagogue, he included women in the minyan and called women to the torah to recite the blessings for Sabbath morning services. Rabbi Nadich, age 95, died in Manhattan on August 26, 2007.

The Star of David badge was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 1990 by Rabbi Judah Nadich.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Judah Nadich

Funding Note: The cataloging of this artifact has been supported by a grant from the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.