Kettle made from a can of Klim powdered milk and used by an American internee

Identifier
irn628045
Language of Description
English
Alt. Identifiers
  • 2018.426.10 a-b
Level of Description
Item
Languages
  • English
  • French
Source
EHRI Partner

Extent and Medium

a: Height: 4.000 inches (10.16 cm) | Width: 9.000 inches (22.86 cm) | Depth: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)

b: Height: 1.000 inches (2.54 cm) | Diameter: 4.250 inches (10.795 cm)

Creator(s)

Biographical History

Leonie Berthe Roualet (1900-1978) was born in Hammondsport, New York to Leonie (née Calmesse, 1869-1942) and Henry Charles Roualet (1866-?). Leonie and Henry were both originally from France, where they worked as champagne vintners. They immigrated to New York in 1890, where they continued to work as wine merchants. Leonie Berthe was raised Catholic and had two older brothers, Georges (George, 1891-1951) and Andre (Andrew, 1894-1973), and one older sister, Henriette (1898-1969). Georges served in the U.S. Navy during World War I aboard the USS Wisconsin. After the war, the entire family moved from New York to Cleveland, Ohio. In the 1930s, Leonie’s mother, Leonie Calmesse Roualet, returned to France to take care of her ailing brother. While caring for her brother, she too became sick, and in 1939 Leonie traveled to France to take care of her mother and her uncle. On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, and two days later France and Britain declared war on Germany, officially starting World War II. In May 1940, Germany invaded France and occupied the northern half of the country. Leonie’s sister, Henriette, began to worry about the fate of her mother and sister as she struggled to contact them, and she wrote repeatedly to the U.S. State Department for information on their whereabouts. In November, she received a telegram stating that her mother was in a hospital in Bordeaux, while her sister was living with their uncle in Épernay. On December 11, 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Germany declared war on the United States. Following this declaration, German authorities began arresting American citizens in their occupied territories with the hope that they could exchange them with German citizens interned abroad. On September 24, 1942, the Gestapo arrested Leonie as an enemy alien and sent her to a prison in Châlons. From there she was transferred to Frontstalag 194 in the Vittel internment camp. In Vittel, Leonie lived in hotel-like accommodations with running water and heat. She was able to send and receive mail, and accept Red Cross packages. The Germans published propaganda photos and press stories about Vittel to showcase it as representative of conditions in German camps. Despite these improved living conditions in comparison to other German camps, Vittel was still surrounded by barbed wire and constantly patrolled by armed guards. Leonie often suffered from malnutrition while interned in the camp. On September 12, 1944, the Vittel internment camp was liberated by Free French forces. Immediately following liberation, Leonie worked for the Red Cross and helped establish the first displaced persons (DP) camp in Paris. In December 1945, Leonie returned to the United States aboard the S.S. Gripsholm, accompanying a convoy of refugees at the request of the American Embassy. She resettled in Cleveland, reuniting with her sister, Henriette. In Cleveland, Leonie continued working for the Red Cross before becoming the director of the diocesan Catholic Resettlement Council when it was established in 1949. Working for the Council, Leonie helped resettle thousands of refugees from wars and political strife around the world.

Archival History

The kettle was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2018 by Mark Roualet, great nephew of Leonie Roualet.

Acquisition

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Mark Roualet

Scope and Content

Can of Klim powdered milk repurposed as a kettle and used by Leonie Roualet, while she was interned in Vittel internment camp in German-occupied France from September 1942 through September 1944. Leonie was born in New York to Leonie Calmesse and Henry Charles Roualet, French champagne vintners who had immigrated to the United States in the 1890s. In the 1930s, Leonie’s mother returned to France to take care of her ailing brother. While caring for her brother, she too became sick, and in 1939 Leonie traveled to France to take care of her mother and her uncle. In May 1940, Germany invaded France and occupied the northern half of the country. Leonie’s sister, Henriette, began to worry about the fate of her mother and sister as she struggled to contact them, and she wrote repeatedly to the U.S. State Department for information on their whereabouts. In November, she received a telegram stating that her mother was in a hospital in Bordeaux, while Leonie was living with their uncle in Épernay. On September 24, 1942, the Gestapo arrested Leonie as an enemy alien and sent her to a prison in Châlons. From there she was transferred to Frontstalag 194 in Vittel. She remained there for two years until the camp was liberated by Free French forces on September 12, 1944. Immediately following liberation, Leonie worked for the Red Cross and helped establish the first displaced persons (DP) camp in Paris. In December 1945, Leonie returned to the United States, accompanying a convoy of refugees at the request of the American Embassy.

Conditions Governing Access

No restrictions on access

Conditions Governing Reproduction

No restrictions on use

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

a. Can of Klim powdered milk repurposed into a kettle. The body of the kettle is a cylindrical can. Soldered on one side of the can near the base is a thin sheet of silver-colored metal which is wrapped into the shape of a spout with a wide base and narrow tip. Soldered on the opposite side of the can are two thin, flat pieces of metal, one at the top and one at the bottom. They extend out and arch into a hollow triangular piece of metal that widens at the bottom and then pinches closed at the top, creating a handle. The exterior of the can is colored yellow, except for the seam which is uncolored, revealing the silver-colored metal. The exterior has evenly spaced burgundy, yellow, and cream-colored labels with English and French text printed on the surface. The bottom of the can is silver-colored and has embossed text. The interior of the can is a shiny, silver color. There are several holes punched through near the bottom where the spout is attached. Across the top on the same side as the spout, a thin, flat, semi-circular piece of shiny silver metal is soldered around the rim creating a lip. The spout, handle, and bottom of the can are heavily scratched and discolored. b. Circular, silver-colored, metal lid to a kettle (a) made from a Klim powdered milk can. The lid extends down slightly on the sides and has yellow, burgundy, and cream coloring on it from the design on the can. A thin piece of metal is soldered onto the top of the lid at both ends creating a handle. There are two small holes punched through the top of the lid on opposite sides. The top of the lid is heavily scratched and discolored. The underside of the lid is a shiny silver color, and slightly rusted around the edges.

Corporate Bodies

Subjects

Genre

This description is derived directly from structured data provided to EHRI by a partner institution. This collection holding institution considers this description as an accurate reflection of the archival holdings to which it refers at the moment of data transfer.