Rectangular locket with 3 photos owned by a German Jewish businessman in Shanghai
Extent and Medium
overall: Height: 2.250 inches (5.715 cm) | Width: 1.625 inches (4.128 cm)
Creator(s)
- Fritz Kauffmann (Subject)
Biographical History
Fritz Kauffman was born in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1904. His parents were jewelers. He moved to Australia in 1927 to work as an independent sales representative for German manufacturers, selling aircraft, aircraft supplies, electrical appliances, surgical instruments, insulating materials and machinery. In 1931, he moved to Shanghai to work as a sales representative for Australian firms selling wheat, flour, beef tallow, hides, fresh fruit and wool products. Fritz then joined the German import-export firm Reuter, Broeckelmann & Co. managing the industrial raw materials, chemicals, and produce department. In 1940, due to German and Nazi politics, he left Reuter, Broeckelmann & Co. to start his own company, Merchants and Traders. Fritz married a non-Jewish British citizen, Adelaide Florence Kerslake, on January 23, 1941, in Shanghai. He was deprived of his German citizenship in the summer of 1941 because he was a German Jew living abroad. Fritz had lived in Shanghai for quite a few years before the refugees started arriving from Europe. Thus he was in a position to help organize a committee established to aid the refugees after their arrival. In July 1942, Fritz and other members of a joint committee of Jews learned that the Japanese, under the influence of the German Gestapo, planned to liquidate the Jews living in Shanghai. Fritz and his fellow committee members were arrested soon after they questioned this policy and tried to meet with highly placed military officials about the rumor. Fritz was held in custody for about a month. In early 1943, the Japanese declared that all Jewish refugees arriving after December 31, 1936 had to relocate to the newly established ghettos. Fritz was not subject to this proclamation, as he arrived in 1931, and he was able to continue to live in his home and run his business. Both of Fritz's parents were killed during the Holocaust. Throughout his time in Shanghai, Fritz participated in the sport of polo and was active in the Shanghai Polo and Hunt Clubs. He was retroactively granted membership in 1949. In February of that year, Fritz and Adelaide moved to the British West Indies, where he continued to run his business. They had wished to go to the United Kingdom, but were denied entry on the basis that Adelaide was now German. In 1950, they received United States immigration visas and went to New York. Fritz and Adelaide were granted United States citizenship in 1957. Fritz died in 1993, age 89 years. Adelaide passed away on April 20, 1999, age 90 years.
Archival History
The locket was donated to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in 2009 by Ronnie Liebowitz, executor, on behalf of the Estate of Adelaide Kauffmann.
Acquisition
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of the Estate of Adelaide Kauffmann
Scope and Content
Gold colored locket that belonged to Fritz Kauffmann, or his wife, Adelaide. Fritz was a German Jewish businessman, who lived in Shanghai, China, from 1931-1949. Adelaide was a non-Jewish British citizen and active partner in his business. Adelaide and Fritz were married on January 23, 1941, in Shanghai. Fritz was active in Jewish community aid efforts before and during World War II. In 1940, because of Nazi politics and the outbreak of war, he resigned from the German firm for which he worked and opened his own import/export business. He was deprived of his German citizenship in 1941 for being Jewish and living abroad. However, as a longtime resident and successful businessman in Shanghai, he was able to surmount wartime difficulties and assist the more recent Jewish refugees who fled to Shanghai to escape persecution and the war in Europe.
Conditions Governing Access
No restrictions on access
Conditions Governing Reproduction
No restrictions on use
Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
Rectangular, gold colored metal locket. On the front is an inscribed oval belt with a decorative end; the initials CBW are engraved on the interior. The front interior has 2 black and white photos of 2 young men wearing jackets and ties, posing in front of foliage, covered with clear plastic. The back interior has a black and white photo of an older man in a jacket and tie with a young boy in a collared shirt in front of foliage, covered with glass. There is a metal lip around the edge to hold the covers in place. The locket has a loop at the top and a hinge on the bottom. A ring connects through the loop to a clip, attached to a horizontal safety pin looped on the bottom wire.
inside front, inscribed : C / B / W
Subjects
- Jews--China--Shanghai--Biography.
- World War, 1939-1945--China--Shanghai.
- British--China--Shanghai--History--20th century.
Genre
- Object
- Jewelry